Features of amino acid metabolism in Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. V. Ward ◽  
D. W. T. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Experiments to investigate the metabolism of glycine, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid by Moniliformis moniliformis were carried out by incubating adult worms aerobically for 3 h at 37°C in Tyrode's solution containing either [U-14C]glycine, L-[U-14C]glutamic acid, L-[U-14C]aspartic acid or L-[4-14C]aspartic acid. Much of the glycine and glutamic acid was absorbed by the worms, but little of either was metabolized. Aspartic acid was readily taken up and metabolized. After incubating with L[U-14C]aspartic acid, most radioactivity was found in ethanol and a volatile compound, presumed to be carbon dioxide, with smaller amounts in lactate, alanine, acetate, malate, glucose and succinate. After incubating with L-[4-14C]aspartic acid, most radioactivity was found in lactate and the presumed CO2 with small amounts in alanine, malate and succinate. No radioactivity was found associated with ethanol or acetate. Possible metabolic pathways and suggestions for a relationship between the metabolism of aspartate with that of alanine and serine in this parasite are discussed.

Amino acid content of chronic undercut cortex of the cat in reletion to electrical afterdisctrarge: comparison with cobalt epileptogenic lesions

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Koyama ◽  
H. Jasper
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Afterdischarge Threshold

Chronic undercutting of cerebral cortex in the cat for survival periods of 9 to 308 days was found to cause an increase in duration of epileptiform electrical, afterdischarge and a significant decrease in content of glutamic acid, GABA, and aspartic acid as compared with homologous cortex of opposite hemisphere. These changes were comparable (though less marked) with changes previously found in cobalt-induced experimental epileptogenic lesions. Rate of release of GABA, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid into superfusates of undercut cortex at rest was higher in undercut cortex and was increased further by electrical stimulation. It was concluded that chronic partial denervation of cerebral cortex causes prolonged changes in metabolism or storage of glutamic acid, GABA, and aspartic acid probably related to increased tendency to prolonged epileptiform discharge similar in some respects (though not all) to changes observed in cobalt-induced cortical epileptogenic lesions. However, electrical afterdischarge threshold was not reduced in chronically undercut cortex and prolonged afterdischarge was not necessarily related to concentration of GABA in superfusate from undercut cortex, suggesting that factors other than amino acid metabolism may be also involved in mechanisms of epileptogenesis in undercut cortex.

scholarly journals Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal metabolic mechanisms of Nitraria sibirica Pall. to salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanyong Li ◽  
Xiaoqian Tang ◽  
Xiuyan Yang ◽  
Huaxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Region ◽  
Nitraria Sibirica

AbstractNitraria sibirica Pall., a typical halophyte that can survive under extreme drought conditions and in saline-alkali environments, exhibits strong salt tolerance and environmental adaptability. Understanding the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic response to salt stress of plant will better promote the cultivation and use of halophytes. To explore the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic of N. sibirica response to salt stress, two-month-old seedlings were treated with 0, 100, and 400 mM NaCl. The results showed that the differentially expressed genes between 100 and 400 mmol L−1 NaCl and unsalted treatment showed significant enrichment in GO terms such as binding, cell wall, extemal encapsulating structure, extracellular region and nucleotide binding. KEGG enrichment analysis found that NaCl treatment had a significant effect on the metabolic pathways in N. sibirica leaves, which mainly including plant-pathogen interaction, amino acid metabolism of the beta alanine, arginine, proline and glycine metabolism, carbon metabolism of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and spliceosome. Metabolomics analysis found that the differential metabolites between the unsalted treatment and the NaCl treatment are mainly amino acids (proline, aspartic acid, methionine, etc.), organic acids (oxaloacetic acid, fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, etc.) and polyhydric alcohols (inositol, ribitol, etc.), etc. KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis showed that 100 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment had a greater effect on the sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism in N. sibirica leaves, while various amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, photosynthetic carbon fixation and sulfur metabolism and other metabolic pathways have been significantly affected by 400 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment. Correlation analysis of differential genes in transcriptome and differential metabolites in metabolome have found that the genes of AMY2, BAM1, GPAT3, ASP1, CML38 and RPL4 and the metabolites of L-cysteine, proline, 4-aminobutyric acid and oxaloacetate played an important role in N. sibirica salt tolerance control. This is a further improvement of the salt tolerance mechanism of N. sibirica, and it will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for treatment of saline-alkali soil and the cultivation of halophytes.

scholarly journals The Diverse Functions of Non-Essential Amino Acids in Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Hyun Choi ◽  
Jonathan L. Coloff
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems

Far beyond simply being 11 of the 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis, non-essential amino acids play numerous important roles in tumor metabolism. These diverse functions include providing precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules, controlling redox status and antioxidant systems, and serving as substrates for post-translational and epigenetic modifications. This functional diversity has sparked great interest in targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy and has motivated the development of several therapies that are either already used in the clinic or are currently in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the important roles that each of the 11 non-essential amino acids play in cancer, how their metabolic pathways are linked, and how researchers are working to overcome the unique challenges of targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy.

Xuebijing Injection Affects the Dynamic Change of Metabolism in CLP-Induced Septic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjuan Liu ◽  
Qi Zeng ◽  
Wen Xiao ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Lianhong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Xuebijing Injection ◽  
Kegg Pathway Analysis

Abstract Xuebijing injection has been widely applied to treat sepsis. However, its roles in the dynamic change of metabolism in sepsis are still unknown. In our study, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical techniques was used to detect the metabolic change in septic rats with or without XBJ injection treatment. The KEGG pathway analysis was used to further analyze the related metabolic pathways in which the identified metabolites were involved. Based on the fold change, variable important in projection, and P value, we found 11, 33 and 26 differential metabolites in the sepsis group at 2, 6 and 12 hours post CLP, compared with the control group. Besides, we also found 32, 23 and 28 differential metabolites in the XBJ group at 2, 6 and 12 hours post CLP. The related pathways of differential metabolites were glycometabolism at 2h, glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism at 6h and amino acid metabolism at 12h post CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Besides, glycometabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism changed markedly after XBJ injection for 2 hours; while only amino acid metabolism changed significantly with the treatment of XBJ injection for 6 and 12 hours, compared with the sepsis group. Further analysis showed 3, 6 and 6 differential metabolites were overlapped in the sepsis group and XBJ group at 2, 6 and 12 hours post CLP. These identified differential metabolites were majorly involved in arginine and proline metabolism, suggesting that XBJ injection is capable of improving metabolic disorders in CLP-induced septic rat to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Metabolic profile of in vitro derived human embryos is not affected by the mode of fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-287
Author(s):  
Christine Leary ◽  
Roger G Sturmey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Embryo Morphology ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Triglyceride Content

Abstract The pattern of metabolism by early embryos in vitro has been linked to a range of phenotypes, including viability. However, the extent to which metabolic function of embryos is modified by specific methods used during ART has yet to be fully described. This study has sought to determine if the mode of fertilization used to create embryos affects subsequent embryo metabolism of substrates. A metabolic profile, including consumption of key substrates and the endogenous triglyceride content of individual IVF and ICSI supernumerary embryos, was assessed and compared. Embryo development and quality was also recorded. All embryos were donated at a single clinical IVF center, on Day 5, from 36 patients aged 18–38 years, The data revealed that consumption of glucose and pyruvate, and production of lactate, did not differ between embryos created by IVF or ICSI. Similarly, the mode of insemination did not impact on the triglyceride content of embryos. However, ICSI-derived embryos displayed a more active turnover of amino acids (P = 0.023), compared to IVF embryos. The specific amino acids produced in higher quantities from ICSI compared to IVF embryos were aspartate (P = 0.016), asparagine (P = 0.04), histidine (P = 0.021) and threonine (P = 0.009) while leucine consumption was significantly lower (P = 0.04). However, importantly neither individual nor collective differences in amino acid metabolism were apparent for sibling oocytes subjected to either mode of fertilization. Embryo morphology (the number of top grade embryos) and development (proportion reaching the blastocyst stage) were comparable in patients undergoing IVF and ICSI. In conclusion, the microinjection of spermatozoa into oocytes does not appear to have an impact on subsequent metabolism and viability. Observed differences in amino acid metabolism may be attributed to male factor infertility of the patients rather than the ICSI procedure per se.

Amino acid metabolism of bovine blastocysts derived from parthenogenetically activated or in vitro fertilized oocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. G. Jung ◽  
T. Sakata ◽  
E. S. Lee ◽  
Y. Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Oviduct Fluid

The uptake and synthesis of 19 amino acids by fresh or frozen–thawed bovine blastocysts produced by parthenogenesis (PT) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) were compared in the present study. Fresh blastocysts, 180 h after IVF or PT activation, and frozen–thawed blastocysts, 168 h old and cultured for 12 h post-thawing, were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid medium (SOFM) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with both essential and non-essential amino acids (EAA and NEAA, respectively) (Medium 1: M1) or SOFM containing PVA with only EAA (Medium 2: M2). In Experiment 1, when fresh or frozen–thawed PT blastocysts were cultured in M1, the uptake of glutamate (in fresh only), aspartate and arginine, and the synthesis of glutamine and alanine were significantly enhanced. In the culture with M2, serine, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, arginine and alanine were significantly taken up. It was found that the glutamine concentrations was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the culture medium drops containing embryos than in the drops without embryos. In Experiment 2, when PT blastocysts were cultured in M1, the uptake of aspartate and synthesis of alanine were greater (P < 0.01) than those by IVF blastocysts. When M2 was used, a significant (P < 0.01) production of serine, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine and alanine, and the uptake of arginine by PT blastocysts were observed. In Experiment 3, when IVF blastocysts were cultured in M1, fresh blastocysts depleted more aspartate and glutamate, and produced more glutamine and alanine than frozen–thawed blastocysts. When cultured in M2, frozen–thawed blastocysts depleted more threonine (P < 0.01) than fresh blastocysts. These results indicate that the uptake and synthesis of amino acids were different in fresh or frozen–thawed bovine blastocysts derived from PT or IVF. These differences in amino acid metabolism may be related to the viability of the blastocysts.

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