Evidence of human neurocysticercosis in Slovenia

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA ŠOBA ◽  
BOJANA BEOVIĆ ◽  
ZALA LUŽNIK ◽  
MIHA SKVARČ ◽  
JERNEJ LOGAR
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Brain Cysts ◽  
Insight Into

SUMMARYTo assess the prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in patients with neurological disorders in Slovenia, serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 348 suspected patients were collected between the beginning of January 2001 and the end of December 2012 and analysed serologically for the presence of anti-T. solium IgG antibodies. Of 20 patients whose samples tested positive or equivocal by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), samples of 7 patients were confirmed positive by Western blot (WB). The overall seroprevalence rate of T. solium infection in patients with neurological disorders included in the study was 2.0%. Serological results of positive patients corresponded to clinical and/or imaging findings concerning their brain cysts. Based on their personal data, it was ascertained that neurocysticercosis (NCC) positive patients had immigrated or came to Slovenia from the former Yugoslav republics. Since the disease is believed not to be endemic in Slovenia we assume that all of the NCC-positive patients had acquired the infection before immigration to Slovenia or visiting or being visited by their relatives infected with an adult T. solium parasite. The present results represent the first insight into the prevalence of NCC in patients with neurological disorders in Slovenia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cysticercus-specific IgG (total and subclasses) and IgE antibody responses in cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with neurocysticercosis showing intrathecal production of specific IgG antibodies

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisandra Akemi Suzuki ◽  
Cláudio Lúcio Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

In the present study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standardized with vesicular fluid of Taenia solium cysticerci was used to screen for IgG (total and subclasses) and IgE antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with neurocysticercosis showing intrathecal production of specific IgG antibodies and patients with other neurological disorders. The following results were obtained: IgG-ELISA: 100% sensitivity (median of the ELISA absorbances (MEA)=1.17) and 100% specificity; IgG1-ELISA: 72.7% sensitivity (MEA=0.49) and 100% specificity; IgG2-ELISA: 81.8% sensitivity (MEA=0.46) and 100% specificity; IgG3-ELISA: 63.6% sensitivity (MEA=0.12) and 100% specificity; IgG4-ELISA: 90.9% sensitivity (MEA=0.85) and 100% specificity; IgE-ELISA 93.8% sensitivity (MEA=0.60) and 100% specificity. There were no significant differences between the sensitivities and specificities in the detection of IgG-ELISA and IgE-ELISA, although in CSF samples from patients with neurocysticercosis the MEA of the IgG-ELISA was significantly higher than that of the IgE-ELISA. The sensitivity and MEA values of the IgG4-ELISA were higher than the corresponding values for the other IgG subclasses. Future studies should address the contribution of IgG4 and IgE antibodies to the physiopathology of neurocysticercosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticercal antigens for immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis using ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisandra Akemi Suzuki ◽  
Gisele Cristina Arruda ◽  
Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius Quagliato ◽  
Qláudio Lúcio Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Immunological Reactions

The efficacy of whole parasite and vesicular fluid antigen extracts from Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticerci for immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis was evaluated using ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid samples. Anticysticercal IgG antibodies were assayed in cerebrospinal fluid samples from 23 patients with neurocysticercosis and 35 patients with other neurological disorders. The ELISA reaction for the whole Taenia solium cysticercal extract showed 91.3% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for the whole Taenia crassiceps cysticercal extract were 87% and 94.3%, respectively. The ELISA reactions for vesicular fluid from Taenia solium or Taenia crassiceps showed 91.3% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity. Considering the results obtained from the four antigen preparations, vesicular fluid from Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticerci may be useful as a source of antigens for immunological reactions that are used for detecting specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with neurocysticercosis.

Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibody response in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Castellazzi ◽  
Carmine Tamborino ◽  
Alice Cani ◽  
Elena Negri ◽  
Eleonora Baldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels and intrathecal synthesis of anti-Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 80 relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis patients grouped according to clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of disease activity. Eighty patients with other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND) and 80 patients with non-inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND) served as neurological controls. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were higher in OIND than in multiple sclerosis ( p < 0.0001) and NIND ( p < 0.01) for anti-viral-capsid-antigen (anti-VCA) IgG, in multiple sclerosis than in NIND ( p < 0.01) and in OIND than in NIND ( p < 0.05) for anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) IgG. Serum levels were more elevated in OIND than in multiple sclerosis ( p < 0.05) and in MRI inactive than in MRI active multiple sclerosis ( p < 0.0001) for anti-VCA IgG, and in multiple sclerosis than in OIND and NIND ( p < 0.01) for anti-EBNA-1 IgG. Serum titres of anti-VCA and anti-EBNA-1 IgG were also positively ( p < 0.05) and inversely ( p < 0.001) correlated, respectively, with the Expanded Disability Status Scale. An intrathecal IgG production of anti-VCA and anti-EBNA-1 IgG, as indicated by Antibody Index, was present only in a limited number of multiple sclerosis patients and controls (range from 1.3 to 6.3%). These findings do not support a direct pathogenetic role of EBV-targeted humoral immune response in multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Influence of the cerebrospinal fluid laboratory parameters in the ELISA test for neurocysticercosis using a total cysticerci antigen

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane S. Casanova ◽  
Maria José S.P. Ribeiro ◽  
Reizer R. Gonçalves ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Faria ◽  
José Mauro Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Group B

To evaluate if the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters may influence the cysticercosis immunoreactivity response in the CSF. CSF samples of 109 patients were analyzed and classified in three groups, according to the neurological manifestations and the reactivity in antibody-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-ELISA) testing in CSF for neurocysticercosis (NC): group A, 18 patients with neurological disorders compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC; group B, 50 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA for NC; group C, 41 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and non-reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC. The CSF analysis in group A was compatible with NC. The group B in comparison to the groups A and C presents higher frequency and intensity of hypercytosis, presence of red blood cells in CSF, protein concentration and immunological reactive test for other etiological agents (p<0.05). Based on the present data, we suggest that the inflammatory process and high protein concentration may determine false positive reactions in the Ab-ELISA test for NC in the CSF.

Variability in longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated tau measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas A. Verwey ◽  
Femke H. Bouwman ◽  
Wiesje M. van der Flier ◽  
Rob Veerhuis ◽  
Philip Scheltens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Lower Variability

Abstract: The influence of assay variation and duration of storage on changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau and phosphorylated (P)-tau with time was evaluated in 112 patients with various neurological disorders.: These patients (aged 66±9 years, 52% male), referred to our memory clinic, underwent two spinal taps (mean interval 19 months) and the baseline samples were assayed twice in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): once after the first spinal tap (A1) and once in a separately stored aliquot (A2) simultaneous with the follow-up sample (B).: Coefficients of variances (CVs) of tau and P-tau levels determined in repeated spinal taps (ΔB–A2) measured in one assay (10.9% and 7.6%) were lower (p<0.01) than the CVs observed in two different (ΔB–A1) assays (16.5% and 11.7%). The CVs of tau and P-tau measurement of one CSF sample repeated on two occasions (ΔA1–A2) were 12.3% and 8.6%. A difference in mean P-tau level was found if the same CSF samples were repeatedly measured in two different ELISAs (A1–A2).: Longitudinal CSF tau and P-tau are best measured in one assay resulting in a lower variability compared to measurement in two different assays. The within person variability in levels of these markers currently limits the use of these ELISAs in a longitudinal clinical setting.Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1300–4.

scholarly journals High frequency of Taenia solium antigen positivity in patients admitted for neurological disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deby Mukendi ◽  
Jean-Roger Lilo Kalo ◽  
Pascal Lutumba ◽  
Barbara Barbé ◽  
Jan Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Persistent Fever

Abstract Background The epidemiology of human cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is not well known in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Within a multicenter etiological and diagnostic study conducted by the NIDIAG consortium (“Better Diagnosis for Neglected Infections”) and investigating several challenging syndromes, we consecutively evaluated from 2012 to 2015 all patients older than 5 years presenting with neurological disorders (neurology cohort) and with fever > 7 days (persistent fever cohort) at the rural hospital of Mosango, province of Kwilu, DRC. In both cohorts, etiological diagnosis relied on a systematic set of reference laboratory assays and on pre-established clinical case definitions. No neuroimaging was available in the study hospital. In this study, we determined the frequency of T. solium infection in both cohorts and explored in the neurology cohort its association with specific neurological presentations and final etiological diagnoses. Methods We conducted a post-hoc descriptive and analytic study on cysticercosis in the neurology and persistent fever cohorts, based on the presence in serum samples of circulating T. solium antigen using the B158/B60 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and of cysticercosis IgG using the LDBIO Cysticercosis Western Blot IgG assay. Results For the neurology cohort, 340 samples (of 351 enrolled patients) were available for analysis (males: 46.8%; mean age: 38.9 years). T. solium antigen positivity was found in 43 participants (12.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3–16.7%), including 9 of 60 (15%) patients with epilepsy. Among the 148 samples available from the persistent fever cohort (males: 39.9%; mean age: 19.9 years), 7 were positive in the T. solium antigen ELISA (4.7%; 95% CI 1.9–9.5%; P = 0.009 when compared to the neurology cohort). No significant association was found within the neurology cohort between positivity and clinical presentation or final diagnoses. Of note, the IgG antibody-detecting assay was found positive in only four (1.3%) of the participants of the neurology cohort and in none of the persistent fever cohort. Conclusions T. solium antigen positivity was found in at least 10% of patients admitted with neurological disorders in the Kwilu province, DRC, with no specific pattern of presentation. Further neuroimaging studies should be used to confirm whether neurocysticercosis is prevalent in this region.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis and its associated risk factors among humans in areas of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Uregwu Edia-Asuke ◽  
Helen I Inabo ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa ◽  
Veronica J Umoh ◽  
Clement MZ Whong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Small Holder

Introduction: Taenia solium cysticercosis is considered an emerging parasitic zoonosis of global importance due to its impact on both agriculture and public health in developing countries. Epidemiological information on human cysticercosis is limited in Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of human cysticercosis in areas of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria, where small-holder pig farming is practiced. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kaduna South and Chikun Local Government Areas of Kaduna metropolis, which are widely involved in small-holder pig farming and pork consumption. A total of 300 human sera were collected and tested for the presence of IgG antibodies to T. solium using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. A structured questionnaire was used to identify risk factors in the population and was administered to the study population. Results: A total of 43 of 300 sera tested positive to IgG antibodies, indicating a cysticercosis prevalence of 14.3%. Method of pork preparation and history of epilepsy were found to be strongly associated with seropositivity. Epileptics in this study were two times more likely to be seropositive than non-epileptics. A large proportion (74.0%) of the population had very poor knowledge of cysticercosis, and knowledge of cysticercosis was strongly associated with method of pork preparation and respondents’ occupations. Conclusions: A high seroprevalence of human cysticercosis was found in Kaduna South and Chikun Local Government Areas. The main risk and behavioral factors contributing to the high prevalence include poor knowledge of cysticercosis and lack of knowledge on proper pork preparation methods.

Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among asymptomatic children with eosinophilia in Croatia

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sviben ◽  
T.V. Čavlek ◽  
E.M. Missoni ◽  
G.M. Galinović
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Western Blot Method ◽  
Asymptomatic Children

AbstractA total of 142 serum specimens from Croatian children aged 3–18 years, with peripheral eosinophilia and without any clinical symptoms, were tested for the presence of Toxocara canis IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot method. The overall T. canis seropositivity rate in the samples tested was 31%. There was no statistical difference in the seroprevalence rate between boys (32.1%) and girls (29.7%, χ2 = 0.092, P = 0.761). The T. canis seropositivity varied significantly between age groups both in boys (Fisher's test P < 0.001) and girls (Fisher's test P = 0.007). The highest seroprevalence rate was found in boys aged 11–14 (42.9%) and girls aged 7–10 (44.2%). Our results showed a high seroprevalence rate of T. canis infection among children with eosinophilia. It is important that testing for toxocariasis should be included in a differential diagnosis of eosinophilia, especially in children.

scholarly journals Anti-Taenia solium metacestode IgG antibodies in serum samples from inhabitants of a central-western region of Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heliana B. de Oliveira ◽  
Rosângela M. Rodrigues ◽  
Ivanildes S. C. Barcelos ◽  
Luciana P. Silva ◽  
Julia M. Costa-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Control And Prevention

A total of 354 serum samples from inhabitants who frequent the Clinical Laboratory in Catalão, Goiás, in the central-western region of Brazil, were collected from June to August, 2002. The samples were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in order to detect anti-Taenia solium metacestode IgG antibodies. Reactive and inconclusive samples were tested by Western blotting (WB). Considering WB as a confirmation, the frequency of antibodies in the serum samples of the above population was 11.3% (CI 5.09 - 17.51). The immunodominant bands most frequently recognized in WB were 64-68 kDa (97.5%) and 47-52 kDa (80%). The percentage of seropositivity to cysticercosis was significantly higher for individuals residing in areas without sewage systems (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the results indicate a probable endemic situation of cysticercosis in this population. These results reinforce the urgent need for control and prevention measures to be taken by the local public health services.

scholarly journals Imaging of Intracranial Pressure Disorders

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Holbrook ◽  
Amit M. Saindane
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Venous Outflow

Abstract Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the bony calvarium and can be affected by a variety of processes, such as intracranial masses and edema, obstruction or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, and obstruction of venous outflow. This review focuses on the imaging of 2 important but less well understood ICP disorders: idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Both of these ICP disorders have salient imaging findings that are important to recognize to help prevent their misdiagnosis from other common neurological disorders.

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