Larvicidal activity ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensisCry11Aa toxin againstHaemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1665-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA DE SOUZA STORI DE LARA ◽  
LUCAS BIGOLIN LORENZON ◽  
ANA MUÑOZ VIANNA ◽  
FRANCISCO DENIS SOUZA SANTOS ◽  
LUCIANO SILVA PINTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Class ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sheep Production

SUMMARYEffective control of gastrointestinal parasites is necessary in sheep production. The development of anthelmintics resistance is causing the available chemically based anthelmintics to become less effective. Biological control strategies present an alternative to this problem. In the current study, we tested the larvicidal effects ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensisCry11Aa toxin againstHaemonchus contortuslarvae. Bacterial suspensions [2 × 108colony-forming units (CFU) g−1of the feces] ofB. thuringiensisvar.israelensisand recombinantEscherichia coliexpressing Cry11Aa toxin were added to naturallyH. contortusegg-contaminated feces. The larvae were quantified, and significant reductions of 62 and 81% (P< 0·001) were, respectively observed, compared with the control group. A 30 mL bacterial suspension (1 × 108CFU mL−1) ofB. thuringiensisvar.israelensisand recombinantE. coliexpressing Cry11Aa toxin were then orally administered to lambs naturally infected withH. contortus. Twelve hours after administration, feces were collected and submitted to coprocultures. Significant larvae reductions (P< 0·001) of 79 and 90% were observed respectively compared with the control group. The results suggest that the Cry11Aa toxin ofB. thuringiensisvar.israelensisis a promising new class of biological anthelmintics for treating sheep againstH. contortus.

Effectiveness of Trimming and/or Washing on Microbiological Quality of Beef Carcasses

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. PRASAI ◽  
R. K PHEBUS ◽  
C. M. GARCIA ZEPEDA ◽  
C. L. KASTNER ◽  
A. E. BOYLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Commercial Processing ◽  
Being Moved

Beef carcass sides (n = 48) were selected randomly on three different days in a commercial processing facility and microbiologically analyzed before being moved to the cooler. Four types of samples were obtained per side from the inside round area: no trim and no wash (NTNW); trim, but no wash (TNW); trim and wash (TW), and no trim but wash (NTW). A flame-sterilized knife, forceps, and scalpel were used for each trimming treatment and sampling. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed in mean aerobic plate counts (APCs) between treatments. The greatest reduction in APC (log10 colony forming units [CFU] per cm2) was observed in TNW samples followed by TW and NTW, with the corresponding mean APC reductions relative to NTNW being 3.0, 0.9, and 0.3, respectively, indicating that trimming can be an effective control point in reducing bacterial contamination in the slaughter process. Although TNW samples, had the lowest counts, samples from the same location after wash (TW) had counts 2 log cycles higher than TNW samples. These results indicate that washing spreads contamination to adjacent carcass sites. However, washing of carcasses was effective in lowering microbial populations relative to the NTNW treatment. Escherichia coli and coliform counts in all samples were low (0.03 to 0.4 log10 CFU/cm2); however, the mean E. coli or coliform count in NTNW samples was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those in the rest of the treatments.

654 Investigation of Germ Patency of a Polylactic Acid-based Membrane for the Treatment of Burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S173-S173
Author(s):  
Herbert Haller ◽  
Evi Held-Föhn
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Skin Substitutes ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Abstract Introduction Infections are a very serious complication during the treatment of burns. To avoid such infections, burn care dressings and skin substitutes should be impermeable to germs. Polylactic membranes (PLM) are based on polylactic acid (PLA) and as an elastic membrane it mimics the natural skin. They are indicated for superficial (2a°) and deep dermal/partial thickness (2b°) skin loss diseases like burns. While being permeable to oxygen and water vapor, they provide a physical barrier for microorganisms. The infection rate of the PLM in burns was about 2,9% on average and was published in 11 studies. The effectiveness of the physical barrier for microorganism was tested in an in-vitro model. Methods The sterile PLM samples were aseptically transferred into sterile petri dishes and inoculated with 100 µl each of a bacterial suspension. The test strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) with approximately 730 colony forming units (cfu) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) with approximately 350 CFU / sample were used. The bacterial suspension was spread over the surface and dried. PLM were transferred to Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) plates. The incubation was carried out in each case with 3 batches per test strain after 1 day and 3 days at 37°C. After incubation, the PLM samples were visually examined for microbial growth under the samples and photographically documented. A control group with inoculation of culture medium and covered with PLM was also tested. Results There was no growth of bacteria detectable after 1 day and after 3 days under the PLM indicating that the PLM is not permeable to germs. The control group resulted in growth of bacteria and colony forming units and thus confirms that test method works well. Conclusions PLM is an effective physical barrier for microorganisms as germs do not pass the PLM. Applicability of Research to Practice immediately.

scholarly journals Efficiency of various systems of antiparasitic prophylaxis in a flock of sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 717-720
Author(s):  
Andrzej Junkuszew ◽  
Paulina Dudko ◽  
Tomasz M. Gruszecki ◽  
Wiktor Bojar ◽  
Michal Milerski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Group A ◽  
Animal Material

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of various methods of antiparasitic prophylaxis using a conventional chemical agent and a formulation containing plant essential oils. The animal material consisted of 139 mother ewes of two synthetic prolific meat lines: bcp and scp. During the whole experiment, the animals were kept in indoor management system with uniform environmental conditions. The experiment included ewes lambing within the period of 12 consecutive days. Using the results of coproscopic tests performed after lambing, the animals were randomised into three study groups: Group A - wormed with an albendazole-containing preparation (50 sheep), Group L - receiving a lick with antiparasitic essential oils (48 sheep) and Group C - control group, not wormed (41 sheep). Two antiparasitic agents were used. A chemical agent containing albendazole. The procedure was performed on day 35 after lambing, and the dose administered was 5 mg of the active substance per kg bw, which corresponded to 0.5 ml, orally, per 10 kg bw. A natural worming agent was administered in the form of licks containing essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Dryopteris filixmax, Tanacetum vulgare, Cucurbita pepo, Chenopodium ambrosioide, Inula helenium, Peumus boldo, Corallina rubens. The licks were made available to animals on day 21 after lambing. The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of estimated intensity (based of OPG and EPG data) and prevalence of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum on the following dates: after lambing, and on day 28, 42, 56, 70 and 100 of lamb's life. The observations proved that the formulation based on natural plant ingredients had a beneficial influence on the reduction of prevalence of Eimeria and Capillaria. It was also shown that the albendazole-containing chemical preparation is highly efficient in reducing the prevalence of Trichostrongylidae, Nematodirus, as well as Capillaria.

scholarly journals Influence of the Sodium Salt of 3α,7α-Dihydroxy-12-Oxo-5β-Cholanate on Antimicrobial Activity of Ampicillin In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Suvajdžić ◽  
Slobodan Gigov ◽  
Aleksandar Rašković ◽  
Srđan Stojanović ◽  
Maja Bekut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Background: Multiple resistances to antibiotics are an emergent problem worldwide. Scientists intensively search for new substances with the antimicrobial potential or the mode to restore the activity of old-generation antibiotics. Ampicillin is the antibiotic with the expanded range of antimicrobial activity, but its use has decreased due to the poor absorption and highly developed resistance. In vivo studies showed that ampicillin has better absorption and bioavailability if combined with bile acid salts. The aim of this study was to examine antimicrobial effects of ampicillin alone and its combination with semisynthetic monoketocholic acid salt (MKH) in vitro.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, commercial preparation of ampicillin and sodium salt of 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12oxo-5β-cholanate were used. Their effects were evaluated on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), obtained from urine specimens of dogs with clinically manifested cystitis. The first two investigated strains were ampicillin-sensitive, while E. faecium was resistant to ampicillin. Modified macrodilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines (M7-A8) was performed. Bacterial suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland was prepared in saline, compared to the standard (Biomerieux) ad oculi. The density was checked spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 625 nm and adjusted if necessary to the desired absorbance from 0.08 to 0.1. The resultant suspension was diluted 1:100 and inoculated in test tubes. Number of bacteria was counted on Petri plates using dilutions from 10-3 to 10-7 in order to obtain valid and countable plates. One hundred microliters of appropriate dilutions were aseptically plated in triplicate onto nutrient agar. Plates were incubated on 37°C for 72 h, under aerobic conditions. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was determined by direct counting. As a valid for enumeration, we took plates with 30 to 300 CFU. Percentage of killed bacteria for ampicillin was from 69.33-95.19% for E. coli, 87.1296.92% for E. faecalis and 7.20-33.30% for E. faecium. Ampicillin applied in the combination with MKH killed 99.99% to 100% of E. coli, 94.59% to 99.91% of E. faecalis and 31.73% to 64.76% of E. faecium. Mean percentage of killed bacteria for ampicillin was 81.93% for E. coli, 91.64% for E. faecalis, and 18.13% for E. faecium, while in combination with MKH percentage was 99.96% for E. coli, 98.23% for E. faecalis and 47.54% for E. faecium.Discussion: Results are presented as pharmacological minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Ampicillin was applied at the concentration higher than the therapeutic one, which could explain high MIC values for E. coli and E. faecalis. The combination of ampicillin with MKH showed the best improvement of antimicrobial effect on E. faecium (Δ = 29.41%), isolate that was resistant to ampicillin when applied alone. In all the investigated isolates, the combinations with MKH were more effective than ampicillin administered alone. It seems that MKH demonstrates a synergistic antimicrobial activity with ampicillin in vitro, which considerably decreases MIC values for all investigated isolates. These results implicate that MKH could restore the previous activity of ampicillin against some bacteria, which could be a significant benefit for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Identification of Regions of the Escherichia coliChromosome Specific for Neonatal Meningitis-Associated Strains

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 2096-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Pierre Paul Bonacorsi ◽  
Olivier Clermont ◽  
Colin Tinsley ◽  
Isabelle Le Gall ◽  
Jean-Christophe Beaudoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Representational Difference Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
Specific Virulence

ABSTRACT Specific virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis ofEscherichia coli strains causing neonatal meningitis (ECNM), such as the K1 capsular polysaccharide, the S fimbriae, and the Ibe10 protein, have been previously identified. However, some other yet unidentified factors are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of ECNM. To identify specialized unique DNA regions associated with ECNM virulence, we used the representational difference analysis technique. The genomes of two strains belonging to nonpathogenic phylogenetic group A of the ECOR reference collection were subtracted from E. coli strain C5, isolated from a case of neonatal meningitis. Strain C5 belongs to the phylogenetic group B2 as do the majority of ECNM. We have isolated and mapped 64 DNA fragments which are specific for strain C5 and not found in nonpathogenic strains. Of these clones, 44 were clustered in six distinct regions on the chromosome. The sfa and ibe10 genes were located in regions 2 and 6, respectively. A group of genes (cnf1, hra, hly, andprs) known to be present in a pathogenicity island of the uropathogenic strain E. coli J96 colocalized with region 6. The occurrence of these DNA regions was tested in a set of meningitis-associated strains and in a control group composed of non-meningitis-associated strains belonging to the same B2 group. Regions 1, 3, and 4 were present in 91, 82, and 81%, respectively, of the meningitis strains and in 40, 13, and 47% of the control strains. Together, these data suggest that regions 1, 3, and 4 code for factors associated with the ability of E. coli to invade the meninges of neonates.

Preparation of Let-7b Nanocomposite and Its Effect on the Level of Inflammatory Factors in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Purulent Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1830-1838
Author(s):  
Conghui Shi ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Yigang Yu ◽  
Wusheng Lu ◽  
Wenge Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Purulent Meningitis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Control Group Group

This study was to explore the effect and mechanism of Let-7b nanocomposite on the expression of inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of purulent meningitis. 45 patients with purulent meningitis (PM) were selected as observation group (group A), and 38 patients with normal CSF without central nervous system diseases were selected as the control group (group B). The CSF of the two groups were collected to detect the inflammatory factors interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Let-7b level with the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Let-7b nanocomposite was prepared, and its morphology, particle size, and Zeta potential were analyzed. In addition, the degradation kinetics, cytotoxicity, and phagocytic efficiency (PE) of Let-7b nanocapsules were detected. 36 healthy adult New Zealand (NZL) rabbits were randomly grouped into a control group (group C) (0.9% normal saline (NS)), a model group (Escherichia coli (E. coli) modeling, group D), and a test group (E. coli modeling + Let-7b nanocapsules, group E), with 12 rabbits in each group. The changes of inflammatory factors in CSF of the three groups were detected and compared. It was found that the expression levels of IL-8 and IL-1 β in the group A were much higher than those in the group B (P < 0.01), and the MMP9 and TNF-α levels in the group B were much lower in contrast to the group A (P < 0.001). The expression of Let-7b in the group A was lower obviously in contrast to the group B (P < 0.001). Let-7b nanocapsules were irregularly spherical, with an average particle size (APS) of 23.1 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.232, and the Zeta potential of around +15 mV. Let-7b nanocapsules showed obvious polymer shell absorption peaks at 1,015 cm-1, 1,228 cm-1, and 1,547 cm-1. The IL-8 and IL-1β levels of the group D were greatly different from those in the other two groups (P < 0.01). The levels of TNF-α and MMP9 in the group D were greatly different in contrast to the group C (P < 0.001) and the group E (P < 0.01). It indicated that Let-7b nanocomposite could lower the expression levels of IL-8, IL-1β, MMP9, and TNF-α in the CSF of patients with purulent meningitis dramatically, which provides a reliable basis for immunotherapy of purulent meningitis with Let-7b.

scholarly journals Breed and environmental factors influencing prevalence of helminths in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Dafur ◽  
S. T. Mbap ◽  
C. C. Tok ◽  
J. J. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
West African ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Birth Type

Gastrointestinal parasites impose severe constraints on sheep production worldwide. lnformation on prevalence of helminthosis in the ovine species could provide a useful guide towards effective control. Investigated in this study was helminthosis prevalence in some Nigerian sheep. The sheep included initial 64 yearlings (12 each of Balami, BL, and Uda, UD, and 20 each of Yankasa, YK and West African Dwarf, WAD, in a sex ratio of 1:1 per breed) and their 156 offspring. Faecal samples were collected from the sheep six-weekly over a period of 3 years and examined for the presence of various helminth species using the modified McMaster technique. Total helminths, Strongyles, Strongyloides, Moniezia, Trichuris and Nematodirus prevalence were 95.9, 87.3, 38.2, 60.6, 45.0 and 46.4%, respectively. Based on prevalence, breeds and seasons ranked (p < 0.05) thus: YK = WAD > BL > UD and late rainy> early rainy> late dry > early dry. Females and older sheep (≥ 4months) had higher (p < 0.05) prevalence than males and lambs (< 4months), respectively. Prevalence increased with decreased body condition score (BCS). Year, birth type and parity did not influence prevalence. It is concluded that there is high prevalence of helminthosis in the study area, with variation between breeds, sex, age groups and seasons. These variations could be exploited through selective breeding and cross breeding to control the disease with or without minimal use of anthelminthics.     Les parasites gastro-intestinaux imposent de sévères contraintes à la production ovine dans le monde. Les informations sur la prévalence de l'helminthose chez les ovins pourraient fournir un guide utile pour une lutte efficace. La prévalence de l'helminthose chez certains moutons nigérians a été étudiée dans cette étude. Les moutons comprenaient au départ 64 yearlings (12 chacun de Balami, BL et Uda, UD, et 20 chacun de Yankasa, YK et West AfricanDwarf, WAD, dans un rapport de masculinité de 1 : 1 par race) et leurs 156 descendants. Des échantillons de matières fécales ont été prélevés sur les moutons six fois par semaine sur une période de 3 ans et examinés pour la présence de diverses espèces d'helminthes en utilisant la technique modifiée de McMaster. La prévalence totale des helminthes, Strongyles, Strongyloides, Moniezia, Trichuriset Nematodirus était de 95.9, 87.3, 38.2, 60.6, 45.0 et 46.4%, respectivement. Sur la base de la prévalence, des races et des saisons classées (p <0.05) ainsi : YK = WAD>BL> UD et pluvieux tardif> pluvieux [email protected] 13 précoce> sec tardif> sec tôt. Les femelles et les moutons plus âgés (≥ 4 mois) avaient une prévalence plus élevée (p<0.05) que les mâles et les agneaux (<4 mois), respectivement. Laprévalence augmentait avec la diminution du score de l'état corporel (le 'BCS'). L'année, letype de naissance et la parité n'ont pas influencé la prévalence. Il est conclu qu'il existe uneprévalence élevée d'helminthose dans la zone d'étude, avec des variations entre les races, lesexe, les groupes d'âge et les saisons. Ces variations pourraient être exploitées par unesélection sélective et des croisements pour lutter contre la maladie avec ou sans utilisationminimale d'anthelminthiques.

scholarly journals Use of bacteriophages as biological control agents in horticulture

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Rhianna O'Regan ◽  
Annaleise Wilson ◽  
İpek Kurtböke
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Laboratory Report ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Bacterial diseases in horticultural settings or infestation of fresh produce with human pathogenic bacteria can constitute a serious public health risk. To control horticultural bacterial diseases, chemical control strategies have traditionally been used, such as the application of bactericides and copper-based products, which resulted in development of resistance in bacteria against these agents. Moreover, the use of such chemical preventative measures on fresh produce can detrimentally affect human, animal and ecosystem health. Bacteriophages have been used to control pathogenic bacteria since the 1920s due to their specificity against host bacteria, as well as their ability to survive and infect their host without detrimental effects to the surrounding environments. As a result, their targeted host specific applications in horticultural settings can be of interest to growers as well as to the consumers. In this laboratory report, the efficacy of a bacteriophage cocktail when applied to fresh herbs inoculated with Escherichia coli was determined. Significant (P ≤ 0.001) reductions in E. coli colony forming units were observed in phage treated herb samples compared to counts in the control. These findings suggest that bacteriophage present as an alternative biocontrol for E. coli in horticulture.

scholarly journals INTESTINAL MICROORGANISMS AFTER PROBIOTIC TREATMENT IN RAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
A. Mustari ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
S. Saha ◽  
P. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Microorganisms ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Group A ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B

The study was carried out to know the effect of probiotics (Bio-Top®, Curd) supplementation on intestinal microorganisms in rats (Rattus norvegicus) during the period of 01 March to 20 April 2011. A total of twelve (12), one month old rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: A, B and C, with 04 rats in each group. Group C was fed with commercial rat pellet (20 gm/rat) without supplementation of probiotics (control), group A was fed with commercial ration (20 gm/rat) with addition natural probiotic (Curd) and group B was fed with commercial ration (20 gm/rat) with the addition of commercial probiotic (Bio-Top®) feed for 7 weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The result showed that intestinal bacterial population changed in probiotics treated groups compared to control group. Bacillus spp. was isolated from Bio-Top®, Curd and Probiotic treated rats. Whereas E. coli was present in control rats, indicating environmental contamination which is hazardous for public health.  The study suggests that probiotics supplementation helps in maintaining normal haematobiochemical values and beneficial gut microbes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15654

scholarly journals Copro-prevalence and risk factor assessment of gastrointestinal parasitism in Indian domestic pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
H. Singh ◽  
S. S. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine copro-prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and their associated potential risk factors in pigs of Punjab (India). A total of 839 faecal samples were collected from pigs of all age group and sex from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab covering all seasons and subjected to qualitative and quantitative examination. Among the samples examined, 28.4 % were positive for gastrointestinal parasites and their respective prevalences were Ascaris suum (11.1 %), coccidia (9.41 %), Trichuris suis (6.43 %), Balantidium coli (4.5 %), amphistome (3.33 %), strongyle (2.14 %) and Ascarops strongylina (1.78 %). Upon sporulation of coccidian positive samples, 8 species of Eimeria were recorded (Eimeria polita, E. spinosa, E. scabra, E. perminuta, E. suis, E. debliecki, E. neodebliecki and E. porci). Among the various risk factors analysed, season, agro-climatic zones and managemental practices had a signifi cant (p<0.05) effect on gastrointestinal parasitism of pigs. Quantification of the infection levels in various seasons and age groups revealed the highest mean egg per gram in rainy season (1966. 6± 1146.5) and grower pigs (1457.1 ± 500.4). Coproculture analysis revealed the presence of larvae of Hyostrongylus rubidus and Oesophagostomum species. The results of the current study would be of immense help in formulation and implementation of control strategies for effective control of gastrointestinal parasitism in pigs.

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