Ceratomyxa gracillima n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) provides evidence of panmixia and ceratomyxid radiation in the Amazon basin

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1137-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen A. Zatti ◽  
Stephen D. Atkinson ◽  
Antônio A. M. Maia ◽  
Jerri L. Bartholomew ◽  
Edson A. Adriano
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Myxosporean Species

AbstractWe describe a new freshwater myxosporean species Ceratomyxa gracillima n. sp. from the gall bladder of the Amazonian catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii; the first myxozoan recorded in this host. The new Ceratomyxa was described on the basis of its host, myxospore morphometry, ssrDNA and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) sequences. Infected fish were sampled from geographically distant localities: the Tapajós River, Pará State, the Amazon River, Amapá State and the Solimões River, Amazonas State. Immature and mature plasmodia were slender, tapered at both ends, and exhibited vermiform motility. The ribosomal sequences from parasite isolates from the three localities were identical, and distinct from all other Ceratomyxa sequences. No population-level genetic variation was observed, even in the typically more variable ITS-1 region. This absence of genetic variation in widely separated parasite samples suggests high gene flow as a result of panmixia in the parasite populations. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses placed C. gracillima n. sp. sister to Ceratomyxa vermiformis in a subclade together with Ceratomyxa brasiliensis and Ceratomyxa amazonensis, all of which have Amazonian hosts. This subclade, together with other Ceratomyxa from freshwater hosts, formed an apparently early diverging lineage. The Amazonian freshwater Ceratomyxa species may represent a radiation that originated during marine incursions into the Amazon basin that introduced an ancestral lineage in the late Oligocene or early Miocene.

The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4358 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
GLEISON ROBSON DESIDÉRIO ◽  
ANA MARIA PES ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
First Record ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
State Information ◽  
Amazonas State

Immature stages of many Brazilian Smicridea species remains unknown, and efforts to describe all life stages are required. In this paper, the larva and pupa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, associated with adults through the metamorphotype method, are described and illustrated. In addition, the known distribution of this species is extended in the Brazilian Amazon Basin with new records from Amazonas state and the first record in Pará state. Information about its bionomics is also provided. 

Two new endemic species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) from the Central Amazon Basin, Amazonas State, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
FERNANDA NUNES CABRAL ◽  
VOLKER BITTRICH ◽  
MARIA DO CARMO ESTANISLAU DO AMARAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Fruit Surface

Two new species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) are described and illustrated: Caraipa glabra and C. iracemensis. Both species are known only from the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, Brazil. They both occur on patches of white-sand vegetation and they are locally abundant. Caraipa glabra is a small tree and can be distinguished from other Caraipa species by the complete absence of hairs on the leaf lamina, pedicel and fruits. Caraipa iracemensis is morphologically similar to C. grandifolia and C. caespitosa, and can be distinguished by its habit, leaves and petiole size, as well as fruit surface and size.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Aguiar ◽  
Horacio Schneider ◽  
Fatima Gomes ◽  
Jeferson Carneiro ◽  
Simoni Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The West ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
History Of

The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.

scholarly journals First report of Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) spores in human feces in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Lisiane Lappe dos REIS ◽  
Lucas Carvalho de JESUS ◽  
Ormezinda Celeste Christo FERNANDES ◽  
David Eduardo BARROSO
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Amazonas State

ABSTRACT Most species of Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infect freshwater and marine fish, and cause sporozoosis. Passage of myxozoan parasites into human feces has been described occasionally. We examined fecal samples from 97 dwellers of a riverine community in Amazonas State (Brazil), which revealed Myxobolus sp. in 13 (13%) samples. The discovery probably does not represent true parasitism as the myxospores - most likely ingested through the consumption of infected fish - were eliminated unchanged after passing through the gastrointestinal tract. This discovery represents the first report of this myxosporean in human fecal samples in Brazil.

scholarly journals High differentiation in functional traits but similar phenotypic plasticity in populations of a soil specialist along a climatic gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Matesanz ◽  
Marina Ramos-Muñoz ◽  
Mario Blanco-Sánchez ◽  
Adrián Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Neutral Genetic Variation

Abstract Background and Aims Plants experiencing contrasting environmental conditions may accommodate such heterogeneity by expressing phenotypic plasticity, evolving local adaptation or a combination of both. We investigated patterns of genetic differentiation and plasticity in response to drought in populations of the gypsum specialist Lepidium subulatum. Methods We created an outdoor common garden with rain exclusion structures using 60 maternal progenies from four distinct populations that substantially differ in climatic conditions. We characterized fitness, life history and functional plasticity in response to two contrasting treatments that realistically reflect soil moisture variation in gypsum habitats. We also assessed neutral genetic variation and population structure using microsatellite markers. Key Results In response to water stress, plants from all populations flowered earlier, increased allocation to root tissues and advanced leaf senescence, consistent with a drought escape strategy. Remarkably, these probably adaptive responses were common to all populations, as shown by the lack of population × environment interaction for almost all functional traits. This generally common pattern of response was consistent with substantial neutral genetic variation and large differences in population trait means. However, such population-level trait variation was not related to climatic conditions at the sites of origin. Conclusions Our results show that, rather than ecotypes specialized to local climatic conditions, these populations are composed of highly plastic, general-purpose genotypes in relation to climatic heterogeneity. The strikingly similar patterns of plasticity among populations, despite substantial site of origin differences in climate, suggest past selection on a common norm of reaction due to similarly high levels of variation within sites. It is thus likely that plasticity will have a prevalent role in the response of this soil specialist to further environmental change.

scholarly journals Triplodon chodo, a new species of pearly fresh water mussel from the Amazon Basin (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Hyriidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. D. Mansur ◽  
Daniel M. Pimpão
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Madeira River ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Madeira River Basin

A new species of the genus Triplodon Spix, 1827 is described based on shell samples collected on Rivers Jamari (Rondônia State) and Aripuanã (Amazonas State) from the Madeira River Basin; on the Amazon at Oriximiná and on the mouth of Tapajós River at Alter do Chão (Pará State). Triplodon chodo is a new species considered closely related to T. stevensi Lea, 1871, (described from the part of the River Essequibo which borders the Guianas). Triplodon chodo is distinguished from the latter by its smaller, lighter shell, the absence of a wing in the anterior region and by the delicate shape of the external sculpture, which is composed of minuscule nodules organized in rows that converge and crosses on the centre of the valves. The straight and vertical posterior margin forms a right or slightly obtuse angle with the shell's dorsal and ventral margins. The anterior region is short, low and slightly tapering, with the distal extremity situated on the half of the shell height. The dorsal and ventral margins are equally curved.

Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1656 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAD L. ROWE ◽  
SARAH J. ADAMOWICZ ◽  
PAUL D. HEBERT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Molecular approaches have greatly advanced our understanding of species diversity and biogeography in the cladoceran crustaceans. Here, we provide the first large-scale examination of taxonomic diversity in the genus Holopedium Zaddach, 1855, by characterizing patterns of allozyme, mtDNA, and morphological variation from a total of 193 sites from three continents, including collections from near the type localities for the two generally recognized species, Holopedium gibberum Zaddach, 1855, and Holopedium amazonicum Stingelin, 1904. Allozyme data were only available for North American samples but revealed the presence of four species. Divergence patterns in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene supported those species, as well as a fifth taxon endemic to South America. The five putative species are separated by substantial sequence (8.7–24.5%) and allozyme (0.36–1.54 Nei’s distance) divergences, while intraspecific genetic diversity was generally limited in comparison. Although two of these species exhibited little morphological differentiation from their closest relatives, and diagnostic traits were not found among the characters considered, a population-level approach revealed significant morphological differences among all pairs of taxa. We therefore present both an allozyme key and a morphological/geographic key to all species, as well as new or augmented descriptions for all five species. H. gibberum s.s. is distributed in Europe and across arctic North America, while its cryptic sister species, H. glacialis n. sp., is widely distributed across temperate North America. H. amazonicum s.s. is apparently restricted to the Amazon basin, H. atlanticum n. sp. occurs in lakes along the eastern margin of North America, while H. acidophilum n. sp. occurs sporadically across North America along a narrow band of middle latitudes. Due to high morphological variability within species, as well as the detection of cryptic diversity, we suggest that genetic analyses should be performed on populations from other geographic regions and should always accompany the recognition of new species of Holopedium.

Manipulus Guttiferarum, II. First record of Clusia ucamira (Clusiaceae) from Venezuelan Guayana

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
JOSÉ RAMÓN GRANDE ALLENDE
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
First Record ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Guayana Shield ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
First Time

As part of a review in progress on the genus Clusia Linnaeus in Venezuela, Clusia ucamira J.E. Nascim. & Bittrich is reported for the first time for that country. Clusia ucamira is quickly distinguished from similar species of Clusia sect. Oedematopus (Planchon & Triana) Pipoly by its hemiepiphitic habit, strongly coriaceous and conspicuously revolute leaves, with a very prominent midvein in the abaxial surface. With this range extension, Clusia ucamira is known, besides from the Amazon basin, from terra firme forest in the Amazonas state of Venezuela, where it grows in oligotrophic soils derived from materials from the Guayana Shield. In Venezuela, this species is to be considered Least Concerned (LC), according to the IUCN Red List categories.

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