Anti-α-Gal antibodies detected by novel neoglycoproteins as a diagnostic tool for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused byLeishmania major

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 1758-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishanthi S. Subramaniam ◽  
Victoria Austin ◽  
Nathaniel S. Schocker ◽  
Alba L. Montoya ◽  
Matthew S. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Old World ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Potential Area

AbstractOutbreaks of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) have significantly increased due to the conflicts in the Middle East, with most of the cases occurring in resource-limited areas such as refugee settlements. The standard methods of diagnosis include microscopy and parasite culture, which have several limitations. To address the growing need for a CL diagnostic that can be field applicable, we have identified five candidate neoglycoproteins (NGPs): Galα (NGP3B), Galα(1,3)Galα (NGP17B), Galα(1,3)Galβ (NGP9B), Galα(1,6)[Galα(1,2)]Galβ (NGP11B), and Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)Glcβ (NGP1B) that are differentially recognized in sera from individuals withLeishmania majorinfection as compared with sera from heterologous controls. These candidates contain terminal, non-reducing α-galactopyranosyl (α-Gal) residues, which are known potent immunogens to humans. Logistic regression models found that NGP3B retained the best diagnostic potential (area under the curve from receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.8). Our data add to the growing body of work demonstrating the exploitability of the human anti-α-Gal response in CL diagnosis.

Protein Carbonyl, But Not Malondialdehyde, Is Associated With ICU Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara Aline Costa ◽  
Ana Lucia Gut ◽  
Paula Schmidt Azevedo ◽  
Ana Angelica Henrique Fernandes ◽  
Bertha Furlan Polegato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mean

Background:The objective of our study was to evaluate the association of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl concentration with intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with septic shock.Methods:We prospectively evaluated 175 patients aged over 18 years with septic shock upon ICU admission. However, 16 patients were excluded. Thus, 159 patients were enrolled in the study. In addition, we evaluated 16 control patients. At the time of the patients’ enrollment, demographic information was recorded. Blood samples were taken within the first 24 hours of the patient’s admission to determine serum MDA and protein carbonyl concentrations.Results:The mean age was 67.3 ± 15.9 years, 44% were males, and the ICU mortality rate was 67.9%. Median MDA concentration was 1.53 (0.83-2.22) µmol/L, and median protein carbonyl concentration was 24.0 (12.7-32.8) nmol/mL. Patients who died during ICU stay had higher protein carbonyl concentration. However, there was no difference in MDA levels between these patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that higher levels of protein carbonyl were associated with ICU mortality (area under the curve: 0.955; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.918-0.992; P < .001) at the cutoff of >22.83 nmol/mL (sensibility: 80.4% and specificity: 98.1%). In the logistic regression models, protein carbonyl concentrations (odds ratio [OR]: 1.424; 95% CI: 1.268-1.600; P < .001), but not MDA concentrations (OR: 1.087; 95% CI: 0.805-1.467; P = .59), were associated with ICU mortality when adjusted for age, gender, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score; and when adjusted by APACHE II score, lactate, and urea; protein carbonyl concentrations (OR: 1.394; 95% CI: 1.242-1.564; P < .001); and MDA (OR: 1.054; 95% CI: 0.776-1.432; P = .73).Conclusion:In conclusion, protein carbonyl, but not MDA, concentration is associated with ICU mortality in patients with septic shock.

scholarly journals Value of Fractional Uric Acid Excretion in Differential Diagnosis of Hyponatremic Patients on Diuretics

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 2991-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Fenske ◽  
Stefan Störk ◽  
Ann-Cathrin Koschker ◽  
Anne Blechschmidt ◽  
Daniela Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Background: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the most frequent cause of hyponatremia. Its diagnosis requires decreased serum osmolality, inappropriately diluted urine (e.g. &gt;100 mOsm/kg), clinical euvolemia, and a urinary sodium (Na) excretion (U-Na) more than 30 mmol/liter. However, in hyponatremic patients taking diuretics, this definition is unreliable due to the natriuretic effect of diuretics. Here, we examined the diagnostic potential of alternative laboratory measurements to diagnose SIAD, regardless of the use of diuretics. Methods: A total of 86 consecutive hyponatremic patients (serum Na &lt;130 mmol/liter) was classified based on their history, clinical evaluation, osmolality, and saline response to isotonic saline into a SIAD and a non-SIAD group. U-Na, serum urate concentration, and fractional excretion (FE) of Na, urea, and uric acid (UA) were measured in all subjects. The accuracy to diagnose SIAD was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: A total of 31 patients (36%) had a diagnosis of SIAD, and 55 (64%) were classified as non-SIAD. There were 57 patients (68%) who were on diuretics (15 in the SIAD group, 42 in the non-SIAD group). In the absence of diuretic therapy, SIAD was accurately diagnosed using U-Na (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.96; 0.92–1.02). However, in patients on diuretics, the diagnosis was unreliable (area under the curve 0.85; 0.73–0.97). There, FE-UA performed best compared with all other markers tested (area under the curve 0.96; 0.92–1.12), resulting in a positive predictive value of 100% if a cutoff value of 12% was used. Conclusion: FE-UA allows the diagnosis of SIAD with excellent specificity. Combining the information on U-Na and FE-UA leads to a very high diagnostic accuracy in hyponatremic patients with and without diuretic treatment.

scholarly journals Soluble SIGLEC5: A New Prognosis Marker in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3896
Author(s):  
Karla Montalbán-Hernández ◽  
Ramón Cantero-Cid ◽  
Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Pascual-Iglesias ◽  
José Avendaño-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Prognosis Marker ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Participants

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. There is significant heterogeneity among patients with CRC, which hinders the search for a standard approach for the detection of this disease. Therefore, the identification of robust prognostic markers for patients with CRC represents an urgent clinical need. In search of such biomarkers, a total of 114 patients with colorectal cancer and 67 healthy participants were studied. Soluble SIGLEC5 (sSIGLEC5) levels were higher in plasma from patients with CRC compared with healthy volunteers. Additionally, sSIGLEC5 levels were higher in exitus than in survivors, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed sSIGLEC5 to be an exitus predictor (area under the curve 0.853; cut-off > 412.6 ng/mL) in these patients. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with high levels of sSIGLEC5 had significantly shorter overall survival (hazard ratio 15.68; 95% CI 4.571–53.81; p ≤ 0.0001) than those with lower sSIGLEC5 levels. Our study suggests that sSIGLEC5 is a soluble prognosis marker and exitus predictor in CRC.

scholarly journals Prediction of anemia at delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enav Yefet ◽  
Avishag Yossef ◽  
Zohar Nachum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Iron Supplement ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Study Database

AbstractWe aimed to assess risk factors for anemia at delivery by conducting a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study database including 1527 women who delivered vaginally ≥ 36 gestational weeks. Anemia (Hemoglobin (Hb) < 10.5 g/dL) was assessed at delivery. A complete blood count results during pregnancy as well as maternal and obstetrical characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was to determine the Hb cutoff between 24 and 30 gestational weeks that is predictive of anemia at delivery by using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Independent risk factors for anemia at delivery were assessed using stepwise multivariable logistic regression. Hb and infrequent iron supplement treatment were independent risk factors for anemia at delivery (OR 0.3 95%CI [0.2–0.4] and OR 2.4 95%CI [1.2–4.8], respectively; C statistics 83%). Hb 10.6 g/dL was an accurate cutoff to predict anemia at delivery (AUC 80% 95%CI 75–84%; sensitivity 75% and specificity 74%). Iron supplement was beneficial to prevent anemia regardless of Hb value. Altogether, Hb should be routinely tested between 24 and 30 gestational weeks to screen for anemia. A flow chart for anemia screening and treatment during pregnancy is proposed in the manuscript.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02434653.

Inhibition by Dications of In Vitro Growth of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: Causative Agents of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa C. Rosypal ◽  
Karl A. Werbovetz ◽  
Manar Salem ◽  
Chad E. Stephens ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Old World ◽  
Causative Agents

scholarly journals The Optimal Cutoff Value of D-dimer Levels to Predict in Hospital Mortality in Severe Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1561-1564
Author(s):  
Ngakan Ketut Wira Suastika ◽  
Ketut Suega
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) can cause coagulation parameters abnormalities such as an increase of D-dimer levels especially in severe cases. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences of D-dimer levels in severe cases of Covid-19 who survived and non-survived and determine the optimal cut-off value of D-dimer levels to predict in-hospital mortality. Method: Data were obtained from confirmed Covid-19 patients who were treated from June to September 2020. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences of D-dimer levels in surviving and non-surviving patients. The optimal cut-off value and area under the curve (AUC) of the D-dimer level in predicting mortality were obtained by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method. Results: A total of 80 patients were recruited in this study. Levels of D-dimer were significantly higher in non-surviving patients (median 3.346 mg/ml; minimum – maximum: 0.939 – 50.000 mg/ml) compared to surviving patients (median 1.201 mg/ml; minimum – maximum: 0.302 – 29.425 mg/ml), p = 0.012. D-dimer levels higher than 1.500 mg/ml are the optimal cut-off value for predicting mortality in severe cases of Covid-19 with a sensitivity of 80.0%; specificity of 64.3%; and area under the curve of 0.754 (95% CI 0.586 - 0.921; p = 0.010). Conclusions: D-dimer levels can be used as a predictor of mortality in severe cases of Covid-19.

scholarly journals Comprehensive and Integrative Analysis Reveals the Diagnostic, Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Lin ◽  
Dong-yue Wen ◽  
Yi-wu Dang ◽  
Yun He ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Background/Aims: Liver cancer has the second highest cancer-related death rate globally and has relatively few targeted therapeutics. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a fascinating trigger of the cell cycle; however, the still-rudimentary understanding of PLK1 at present is a significant barrier to its clinical applications. Here, we comprehensively clarified the clinicopathological value and potential functions of PLK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: HCC-related microarrays, RNA-sequencing datasets and published studies were deeply mined and integrated from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, ArrayExpress, Oncomine, literature databases, and immunohistochemistry experiments. Meanwhile, the associations between PLK1 expression and its clinicopathological implications and prognostic value in HCC patients were assessed. The standardized mean difference, summary receiver operating characteristic curve and the corresponding area under the curve, hazard ratios, odds ratios (ORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were examined by STATA 12.0. Additionally, several bioinformatics methods were used to identify the potential function of PLK1 in HCC. Results: Comprehensive analyses revealed that PLK1 was significantly increased in HCC (standardized mean difference = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03–1.65, P < 0.001). The results of diagnostic tests specified that in the summary receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90). Furthermore, an elevated PLK1 level significantly predicted unfavorable overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.10–2.88, P = 0.019) and was correlated with female gender (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.95, P = 0.017), tumor thrombus (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.46–10.78, P < 0.001), metastasis (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.33–9.01, P = 0.011), pathologic stage (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.17–2.07, P = 0.002), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (OR = 5.76, 95% CI: 2.17–15.28, P < 0.001) and histologic grade (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.12–487, P = 0.024). Through bioinformatics methods, we determined that enhancing the proliferative effect of PLK1 in HCC was associated with a series of hub genes and the activation of the cell cycle pathway. Conclusions: These findings substantiated that PLK1 may be an independent prognostic biomarker in HCC and may facilitate the development of targeted precision oncology.

scholarly journals miR-142-3p as a novel biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma patients after surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiqi Peng ◽  
Xiang Pan ◽  
Kaihao Liu ◽  
Chunduo Zhang ◽  
Liwen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Receiver Operating

Background: miR-142-3p has proved to be involved in tumorigenesis and the development of renal cell carcinoma. The present study aimed to explore the prognostic value of miR-142-3p. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from renal cell carcinoma specimens and the expression level of miR-142-3p was measured. Pearson Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, as well as univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to determine the correlation between miR-142-3p and the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive efficiency of miR-142-3p for the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma patients. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized to validate our findings. Results: Our results demonstrated that upregulation of miR-142-3p was correlated with shorter overall survival (P=0.002) and was, in the meantime, an independent prognostic factor for renal cell carcinoma patients (P=0.002). The receiver operating characteristic curve combining miR-142-3p expression with tumor stage showed an area under the curve of 0.633 (95% confidence interval 0.563, 0.702). The result of TCGA data was consistent with our findings. Conclusions: Our results suggest miR-142-3p expression is correlated with poor prognosis of renal cell carcinoma patients and may serve as a prognostic biomarker in the future.

scholarly journals Accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficients and enhancement ratios on magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating primary cerebral lymphomas from glioblastoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan Sirat Maheen Anwar ◽  
Mirza Zain Baig ◽  
Altaf Ali Laghari ◽  
Fatima Mubarak ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Patient Subgroups

Background and purposeThis study aimed to determine the accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and enhancement ratio (ER) in discriminating primary cerebral lymphomas (PCL) and glioblastomas.Materials and methodsCircular regions of interest were randomly placed centrally within the largest solid-enhancing area of all lymphomas and glioblastomas on both post-contrast T1-weighted images and corresponding ADC maps. Regions of interest were also drawn in the contralateral hemisphere to obtain enhancement and ADC values of normal-appearing white matter. This helped us to calculate the ER and ADC ratio.ResultsMean enhancement and ADC (mm2/s) values for PCL were 2220.56 ± 2948.30 and 712.00 ± 137.87, respectively. Mean enhancement and ADC values for glioblastoma were 1537.07 ± 1668.33 and 1037.93 ± 280.52, respectively. Differences in ADC values, ratios and ERs were all statistically significant between the two groups ( p < 0.05). ADC values correctly predicted 71.4% of the lesions as glioblastoma and 83.3% as PCL (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86 on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis). ADC ratios correctly predicted 85.7% of the lesions as glioblastoma and 100% as PCL (AUC = 0.93). ERs correctly predicted 71.4% of the lesions as glioblastoma and 88.9% as PCL (AUC = 0.92). The combination of ADC ratio and ER correctly predicted 100% tumour type in both patient subgroups.ConclusionsADC values, ADC ratios and ERs may serve as useful variables to distinguish PCL from glioblastoma. The combination of ADC ratio and ER yielded the best results in identification of both patient subgroups.

scholarly journals A novel collagen area fraction index to quantitatively assess bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-hua Li ◽  
Zhuang-nian Fang ◽  
Tian-ming Guan ◽  
Jin-jiang Lin ◽  
Can-hui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Area Fraction ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Fibrosis Score ◽  
High Repeatability

Abstract Background A validated histopathological tool to precisely evaluate bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn’s disease is lacking. We attempted to establish a new index to quantify the severity of bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn’s disease-associated fibrostenosis. Methods We analyzed the histopathological data of 31 patients with Crohn’s disease strictures undergoing surgical resection. The most representative sections of resected strictured segments were stained with Masson trichrome to manifest bowel fibrosis. The collagen area fraction and histological fibrosis score were simultaneously calculated for the same section to evaluate the severity of bowel fibrosis. Results Collagen area fraction strongly correlated with histological fibrosis scores (r = 0.733, P < 0.001). It showed a stronger correlation (r = 0.561, P < 0.001) with the degree of bowel strictures than the histological fibrosis score did (r = 0.468, P < 0.001). It was also shown to be more accurate for diagnosing Crohn’s disease strictures (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.815, P < 0.001) compared with the histological fibrosis score (area under the curve = 0.771, P < 0.001). High repeatability was observed for the collagen area fraction, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.915 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Collagen area fraction is a simple and reliable index to quantify the severity of bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn’s disease-associated fibrostenosis.

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