The Trouble with Kant

Philosophy ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 72 (279) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Anthony Quinton
Keyword(s):  
The Common ◽  
Single World ◽  
Common World ◽  
The Way

In setting out to discuss the trouble with Kant I may seem to be suggesting that there is only one. I do think that there is one fundamental one, which is that he is a wild and intellectually irresponsible arguer. Any innate leaning that way must have been enhanced by the intellectual isolation of Konigsberg, which preserved him from serious criticism. I shall be sticking to one particular example of this failing. It is the account he gives of the way in which the common world of experience is constructed or synthesized by applying some piece of mental apparatus—the forms of intuition and the categories—to what he calls the manifold of sensation. The rather elementary question I want to raise about this theory is that of how the claim can be made good that the outcome of this process is just one, single world; for all of us, for each of us at different times, even for any one of us at a particular time.

scholarly journals Skopje: Time, Narrative, and Politics

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Jacques Rancière ◽  
Drew S. Burk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Jacques Ranciere ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Jacques Rancière ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge ◽  
Common World ◽  
The Way

I would like to recall several ideas that have supported the entirety of my work for the past 40 years: forms of worker emancipation and the regimes of the identification of art; the transformations of literary fiction and the principles of democracy; the presuppositions of historical science and the forms of consensus by today’s dominant apparatuses. What unites all these areas of research is the attention to the way in which these practices and forms of knowledge imply a certain cartography of the common world. I have chosen to name this system of relations between ways of being, doing, seeing, and thinking that determine at once the common world and the ways in which everyone takes part within it the “distribution of the sensible.” But it must also be said that temporal categories play an important role in this as well. By defining a now, a before and an after, and in connecting them together within the narrative, they predetermine the way in which the common world is given to us in order to perceive it and to think it as well as the place given to everyone who occupies it and the capacity by which each of us then has to perceive truth. The narrative of time at once states what the flow of time makes possible as well as the way in which the inhabitants of time can grasp (or not grasp) these “possibles.” This articulation is a fiction. In this sense, politics and forms of knowledge are established by way of fictions including as well works that are deemed to be of the imagination. And the narrative of time is at the heart of these fictions that structure the intelligibility of these situations, which is to say as well, their acceptability. The narrative of time is always at the same time a fiction of the justice of time. Author(s): Jacques Rancière Title (English): Skopje: Time, Narrative, and Politics Translated by (French to English): Drew S. Burk Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Summer 2015) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje  Page Range: 7-18 Page Count: 11 Citation (English): Jacques Rancière, “Skopje: Time, Narrative, and Politics,” translated from the French by Drew S. Burk, Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Summer 2015): 7-18.

scholarly journals DIALOGAS PRIEŠ DIALOGĄ E. LEVINO MĄSTYME „ANAPUS PATIRTIES“

Problemos ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintautas Gutauskas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Ethical Relation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common World ◽  
The Way

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas dialogo problemos apmąstymo procesas E. Levino filosofijoje. Rekonstruojama dialogo samprata, susiformavusi Vakarų tradicijoje, kuri dialogą tapatina su komunikacija ir yra grindžiama dalykine etika. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama fenomenologijos kritikai, labiausiai išryškinančiai Levino nuostatas. Levino pozicija pirmiausia nagrinėjama kaip opozicija fenomenologijai, pabrėžianti santykio ir sakymo momentus, kurie yra „anapus patirties“ ir remiasi „sužlugusiu intencionalumu“. Tiriama, kokiu būdu E. Husserlio fenomenologijoje keliamas klausimas apie kitą ir kaip Husserlio įžvalgomis grindžiamas trinaris dialogo modelis: aš, kitas ir dalykas bendro pasaulio kontekste. Nagrinėjama, kaip tokia dialogo struktūra veikia dalykinę etiką, realizuojamą sokratiškame dialoge, aptartame H.-G. Gadamerio darbuose. Levino žingsnis fiksuojamas kaip perėjimas nuo komunikacijos –susikalbėjimo prie etinio santykio. Nagrinėjama, kaip tokį perėjimą sąlygoja atpažįstama prievarta, užslėpta pažintiniame-dalykiniame dialoge. Levino išryškinta sakymo plotmė trakuojama kaip dialogas prieš dialogą, t. y. kaip sluoksnis, liekantis neapčiuoptas, kol dialogo problema sprendžiama tik perduodamos reikšmės lygmenyje. Sakymo plotmė traktuojama kaip artimo artumas, leidžiantis perduoti reikšmę. Pabaigoje keliamas klausimas, kaip sakymo matmens išryškinimas gali būti vėl integruotas į dialogo aprašymą. Daroma išvada, kad Levino kritikuojama patirties samprata paties Levino dėka prasiplečia, dialogo aprašymas įtraukia ir patirties lūžius, o kartu pats dialogo esmės klausimas išsiskaido į dialogų daugybės klausimą. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Levinas, dialogas, komunikacija, intencionalumas, patirtis.Dialog Prior to Dialog in Levinas’ Thought Beyond Experience Mintautas Gutauskas SummaryThe article deals with Levinas’ approach to the problem of the dialogue. The conception of the dialogue, which has been formed in the Western tradition of thought, identifies the dialogue with communication and is grounded in the ethics of the “things themselves” is analysed in the context of Levinas’ criticism of the Western thought. The author focuses on the criticism of phenomenology which highlights Levinas’ position. His position is analysed first of all as an opposition to phenomenology. Levinas emphasizes the moments of relation and saying that are “beyond experience” and are grounded in the “blasted intentionality”. The way the question about the other raised in Husserl’s phenomenology and also the trinomial structure of the dialogue (I, other and the thing in the context of the common world) realized in the early works of M. Theunissen and B. Waldenfels are questioned. The article investigates how this structure of the dialogue influences the ethics of Socratic communication about the “things themselves”, which has been explicated in the works of H. G. Gadamer. Levinas’ motion is understood as a shift from the concept of the dialogue as communication to the ethical relation. Author analyses how this shift is determined by violence recognized as hidden under such dialogue as cognitive communication. The dimension of saying, emphasized by Levinas, is treated as a dialogue prior to the dialogue, i.e. as the dimension of the dialogue which is left out by the theories that treat dialogue as sheer communication. The dimension of saying is approached as the proximity of the near, which enables the meaning in communication. In the end, the question is raised how this dimension of saying can be reinterpreted in the description of the dialogue. The conclusion is that Levinas’ criticism of the conception of experience expands this conception; the description of the dialogue includes the ruptures of experience, and at the same time the questionabout the essence of the dialogue dissolves into the question about the multiplicity of the dialogue. Keywords: Levinas, dialogue, communication, intentionality, experience.ight: 18px;"> 

Causality Then and Now

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Karen Harding
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

Ate appearances deceiving? Do objects behave the way they do becauseGod wills it? Ate objects impetmanent and do they only exist becausethey ate continuously created by God? According to a1 Ghazlli, theanswers to all of these questions ate yes. Objects that appear to bepermanent are not. Those relationships commonly tefemed to as causalare a result of God’s habits rather than because one event inevitably leadsto another. God creates everything in the universe continuously; if Heceased to create it, it would no longer exist.These ideas seem oddly naive and unscientific to people living in thetwentieth century. They seem at odds with the common conception of thephysical world. Common sense says that the universe is made of tealobjects that persist in time. Furthermore, the behavior of these objects isreasonable, logical, and predictable. The belief that the univetse is understandablevia logic and reason harkens back to Newton’s mechanical viewof the universe and has provided one of the basic underpinnings ofscience for centuries. Although most people believe that the world is accutatelydescribed by this sort of mechanical model, the appropriatenessof such a model has been called into question by recent scientificadvances, and in particular, by quantum theory. This theory implies thatthe physical world is actually very different from what a mechanicalmodel would predit.Quantum theory seeks to explain the nature of physical entities andthe way that they interact. It atose in the early part of the twentieth centuryin response to new scientific data that could not be incorporated successfullyinto the ptevailing mechanical view of the universe. Due largely ...

Voices of Spectators and Audience Power

Pólemos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Biet
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dramatic Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Voice ◽  
The Way

AbstractTheatre and law are not so different. Generally, researchers work on the art of theatre, the rhetoric of the actors, or the dramaturgy built from law cases or from the questions that the law does not completely resolve. Trials, tragedies, even comedies are close: everybody can see the interpenetration of them on stage and in the courts. We know that, and we know that the dramas are made with/from/of law, we know that the art the actors are developing is not so far from the art of the lawyers, and conversely. In this paper, I would like to have a look at the action of the audience, at the session itself and at the way the spectators are here to evaluate and judge not only the dramatic action, not only the art of the actors, not only the text of the author, but also the other spectators, and themselves too. In particular, I will focus on the “common judgment” of the audience and on its judicial, aesthetic and social relationship. The spectators have been undisciplined, noisy, unruled, during such a long period that theatre still retains some prints of this behaviour, even if nowadays, the social and aesthetic rule is to be silent. But uncertainty, inattention, distraction, contradiction, heterogeneity are the notions which characterise the session, and the judgments of the spectators still depend on them. So, what was and what is the voice of the audience? And with what sort of voice do spectators give their judgments?

The Positive State

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Judith N. Shklar
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Positive Rights ◽  
The Common ◽  
Positive State ◽  
The Way

In this chapter Shklar identifies the problems that arise with the development of industrial capitalism. She traces the emergence of social obligations to fellow citizens and the new concerns this raised, paying particular attention to the way the English idealist T.H. Green addressed these issues. She discusses the thinking behind the new welfare state and the rising popularity of social norms and obligations, often also expressed in terms of “the common good,” “positive rights,” and “the obligation to be just.”

scholarly journals From romantic jealousy to sympathetic joy: Monogamy, polyamory, and beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Relational Identity ◽  
Romantic Jealousy ◽  
Serial Monogamy ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Way

This paper explores how the extension of contemplative qualities to intimate relationships can transform human sexual/emotional responses and relationship choices. The paper reviews contemporary findings from the field of evolutionary psychology on the twin origins of jealousy and monogamy, argues for the possibility to transform jealousy into sympathetic joy (or compersion), addresses the common objections against polyamory (or nonmonogamy), and challenges the culturally prevalent belief that the only spiritually correct sexual options are either celibacy or (lifelong or serial) monogamy. To conclude, it is suggested that the cultivation of sympathetic joy in intimate bonds can pave the way to overcome the problematic dichotomy between monogamy and polyamory, grounding individuals in a radical openness to the dynamic unfolding of life that eludes any fixed relational identity or structure.

scholarly journals The Definite and Indefinite Articles of Spanish (or Castilian) Language in Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Sonia Montero Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
The Common ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
The Way

The present paper addresses the contrast between the definite article (el/la/los/las) and the indefinite article (un/a/os/as) from a cognitive approach that not only poses a single meaning for each kind of article, but also highlights the pragmatic (or contextual) aspects that underlie that meaning and establish the use of one form or another. The article’s meaning is shaped by the way we conceptualize the reference: the definite article implies an inclusive reference characterized by the uniqueness of the referent, while the indefinite article implies an exclusive reference characterized by the lack of uniqueness. The possibility to choose one or other way depends on contextual aspects related to the common knowledge shared by the interlocutors, the communicative context (linguistic and situational) and the space (physical or mental) where the referent is located.

scholarly journals Litteratur og politik

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (104) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Frederik Tygstrup ◽  
Isak Winkel Holm
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Poetics ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

Literature and PoliticsLiterature is political by representing the world. The production of literature is a contribution to a general cultural poetics where images of reality are constructed and circulated. At the same time, the practice of literature is institutionalized in such a way that the form and function of the images of reality it produces are conceived and used in a distinctive way. In this article, we suggest distinguishing between a general cultural poetics and a specific literary poetics by using Ernst Cassirer’s neo-Kantian concept of »symbolic forms«. We argue that according to this view, the political significance of literary representational practices resides in the way they activate a common cultural repertoire of historical symbolic forms while at the same time deviating from the common ways of treating these forms.

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