Cerebral ventricle dimensions as risk factors for schizophrenia and affective psychosis: an epidemiological approach to analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Jones ◽  
I. Harvey ◽  
S. W. Lewis ◽  
B. K. Toone ◽  
J. Van Os ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Ventricle Size ◽  
Healthy Community

SynopsisA case–control study was undertaken of volumetric computerized tomographic scan measures in 216 consecutive admissions for functional psychosis and 67 healthy community controls. Odds ratio analysis demonstrated significant linear trends in the association between increasing lateral and third ventricle volumes, and both RDC schizophrenia (N= 121) and schizoaffective disorder (N= 41); cases were consistently associated with larger volumes than controls. There was an association between larger third, but not lateral, ventricle size in affective psychoses (N= 54). These associations were statistically independent of intracranial volume, sex, social class and ethnicity, factors which were significantly associated with ventricular measures in the controls. There was no evidence of a threshold corresponding to the notion of normalversusenlarged ventricles.Within the schizophrenia group, there were no large or significant associations between ventricle dimensions and age at onset, duration of illness or pre-morbid social functioning. Neither obstetric complications nor a family history of schizophrenia or other psychiatric illness was associated with large ventricles in these cases.

Italian Bipolar II vs I patients have better individual functioning, in spite of overall similar illness severity

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Dell’Osso ◽  
Cristina Dobrea ◽  
Laura Cremaschi ◽  
Massimiliano Buoli ◽  
Shefali Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antidepressant Use

IntroductionBipolar disorders (BDs) comprise different variants of chronic, comorbid, and disabling conditions, with relevant suicide and suicide attempt rates. The hypothesis that BD types I (BDI) and II (BDII) represent more and less severe forms of illness, respectively, has been increasingly questioned over recent years, justifying additional investigation to better characterize related sociodemographic and clinical profiles.MethodsA sample of 217 outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)–described BD (141 BDI, 76 BDII), without a current syndromal mood episode, was recruited, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of BDI and II patients were compared.ResultsBDII patients had significantly more favorable sociodemographics, in relation to occupational stability, cohabitation, and marital status. However, BDII compared with BDI patients had significantly longer duration of untreated illness, more frequent lifetime anxiety disorders comorbidity, longer most recent episode duration, higher rate of depressive first/most recent episode, and more current antidepressant use. In contrast, BDI compared with BDII patients had significantly more severe illness in terms of earlier age at onset; higher rate of elevated first/most recent episode, lifetime hospitalizations, and involuntary commitments; lower Global Assessment of Functioning score; and more current antipsychotic use. BDI and II patients had similar duration of illness, psychiatric family history, lifetime number of suicide attempts, current subthreshold symptoms, history of stressful life events, and overall psychiatric/medical comorbidity.ConclusionBDII compared with BDI patients had more favorable sociodemographic features, but a mixture of specific unfavorable illness characteristics, confirming that BDII is not just a milder form of BD and requires further investigation in the field.

scholarly journals Difference of Disability Between Electrophysiologic Subgroups of Essential Tremor

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cenk Akbostanci ◽  
Sedat Ulkatan ◽  
Aytaç Yigit ◽  
Nursel Aydin ◽  
Nermin Mutluer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Synchronous Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Disability Scale ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antagonistic Muscles

ABSTRACT:Objective:The aim of the study was to test the validity of the controversial subdivision of essential tremor (ET) patients into electrophysiological subgroups.Methods:We evaluated a hundred patients with ET using surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings of antagonist forearm muscles and distinguished three groups: the first group showed synchronous activity of antagonistic muscles, the second showed alternating activity of antagonist muscles; and the third group consisted of patients whose EMG recordings were not compatible with the other two groups. We compared patients with synchronous and alternating activity in terms of sex, age at onset, duration of illness, family history of tremor, symmetry and frequency of tremor, and the scores of a disability scale.Results:The only significant difference between the patients with synchronous and alternating activity was that the patients with synchronous activity were more disabled.Conclusion:This result adds to the evidence for distinct electrophysiological subgroups of ET with distinct clinical properties.

Subcortical brain volumes and neurocognitive function in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy-only.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10517-10517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Steve Phillips ◽  
John O Glass ◽  
Matthew Scoggins ◽  
Yin Ting Cheung ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Neurocognitive Tests ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Healthy Community

10517 Background: Brain deep grey nuclei and glucocorticoid receptor rich hippocampal subregions may be sensitive to neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy-only protocols for childhood ALL and associated with neurocognitive problems in long-term survivors. Methods: Brain MRIs and neurocognitive tests were obtained on 176 survivors (49% male, mean [range] age at diagnosis 6.8 [1-18] years, 14.5 [8-27] years at evaluation). MRI’s were also obtained on 82 healthy community controls (57% male, 13.8 [8-26] years at evaluation). General linear models were used to compare subcortical brain volumes between survivors and controls. Among survivors, gender stratified multivariable linear models were used to test associations between subcortical volumes, and serum concentration of dexamethasone (DEX) and high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), adjusting for age at diagnosis, and intracranial volume (ICV). Volumes were also compared to neurocognitive tests. Results: Survivors had smaller volumes in bilateral thalami (p’s < 0.05) and hippocampal subregions (p’s < 0.001) compared to controls. After controlling for ICV, HDMTX exposure and younger age at diagnosis were associated with smaller bilateral thalami in male survivors (p’s < 0.05). DEX was associated with a smaller right thalamus in males (p = 0.04). Smaller hippocampi in both males and females were associated with younger age at diagnosis (p’s < 0.01). Smaller left thalamus was associated with worse verbal fluency scores in all survivors (p’s < 0.05). Smaller bilateral thalami and hippocampal subregions in girls were associated with worse processing speed, inhibition and cognitive flexibility; poor memory span correlated with smaller left CA1 and right thalamus volumes (all p’s < 0.05). Smaller bilateral thalami and right hippocampal subregions, in girls, correlated with slower processing speed (p’s < 0.05). In males, smaller left fimbria volume was correlated with poor attention (p = 0.03). Conclusions: ALL survivors have significantly smaller thalamic and hippocampal volumes compared to healthy community controls. In survivors, smaller volumes correlate with worse cognitive performance.

Birth by cesarean section and schizophrenia. Results from the multi-center FACE-SZ dataset

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S98-S98
Author(s):  
G. Fond ◽  
L. Boyer ◽  
P.M. Llorca ◽  
M. Leboyer
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectivesChildren born by cesarean section (“c-birth”) are known to have different microbiota and a natural history of different disorders including allergy, asthma and overweight compared to vaginally born (“v-birth”) children. C-birth is not known to increase the risk of schizophrenia (SZ), but to be associated with an earlier age at onset. To further explore possible links between c-birth and SZ, we compared clinical and biological characteristics of c-born SZ patients compared to v-born ones.MethodFour hundred and fifty-four stable community-dwelling SZ patients (mean age = 32.4 years, 75.8% male gender) were systematically included in the multicentre network of FondaMental Expert Center for schizophrenia (FACE-SZ).ResultsOverall, 49 patients (10.8%) were c-born. These patients had a mean age at schizophrenia onset of 21.9 ± 6.7 years, a mean duration of illness of 10.5 ± 8.7 years and a mean PANSS total score of 70.9 ± 18.7. None of these variables was significantly associated with c-birth. Multivariate analysis showed that c-birth remained associated with lower peripheral inflammation (aOR = 0.07; 95% CI 0.009–0.555, P = 0.012) and lower premorbid ability (aOR = 0.945; 95% CI 0.898–0.994, P = 0.03) independently of age, age at illness onset, sex, education level, psychotic and mood symptomatology, antipsychotic treatment, tobacco consumption, birth weight and mothers suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.ConclusionAltogether, literature data as well as our results suggest that c-birth is associated with lower weight gain and lower inflammation in schizophrenia, which could be explained by microbiota differences. Further studies should take into account c-birth when exploring the role of microbiota in SZ patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Factors associated with borderline personality disorder in major depressive patients and their relationship to bipolarity

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Azorin ◽  
A. Kaladjian ◽  
M. Adida ◽  
E. Fakra ◽  
R. Belzeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Patients

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the interface between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolarity in depressed patients comorbid with BPD.MethodsAs part of National Multi-site Study of 493 consecutive DSM-IV major depressive patients evaluated in at least two semi-structured interviews 1 month apart, 19 (3.9%) had comorbid BPD (BPD+), whereas 474 (96.1%) did not manifest this comorbidity (BPD−).ResultsCompared to BPD (−), BPD (+) patients displayed higher rates of bipolar (BP) disorders and temperaments, an earlier age at onset with a family history of affective illness, more comorbidity, more stressors before the first episode which was more often depressive or mixed, as well as a greater number and severity of affective episodes.ConclusionsThe hypothesis which fitted at best our findings was to consider BPD as a contributory factor in the development of BP disorder, which could have favoured the progression from unipolar major depression to BP disorder. We could not however exclude that some features of BP disorder may have contributed to the development of BPD.

Suicide in Chronic Schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Past History ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

SummaryA matched controlled study of 30 chronic schizophrenic suicides is presented. Eighty per cent were male and committed suicide at a mean age of 25.8 years after a mean duration of illness of 4.8 years. Significantly more of the suicides had a chronic relapsing schizophrenic illness; 23.3 per cent committed suicide while in-patients, and 50 per cent of the out-patients committed suicide within three months of discharge from in-patient care. Significantly more of the suicides had a past history of depression (56.6 per cent), were depressed in the last episode of contact (53.3 per cent), had their last admission for depression or suicidal ideation (55.2 per cent) and were unemployed (80 per cent).

Vestibular Function in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Videonystagmography Testing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sherifa A. Hamed ◽  
Ali F. ElHadad ◽  
Amira M. Oseily
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Hba1c Levels

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Vestibular system is critical for maintaining balance and learning complex tasks. This study aimed to determine the frequencies, types, and predictors of vestibular dysfunctions (VDs) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using videonystagmography (VNG). <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> This study included 65 patients (children with T1D = 40; controls = 25). The patients underwent VNG. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients (boys = 15; girls = 25) had a mean age of 14.05 ± 1.82 years and duration of illness of 6.30 ± 2.84 years. The majority had frequent attacks of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (65%) and hypoglycemia (40%). Dizziness was reported in 20%. VNG abnormalities were reported in 70% (<i>n</i> = 28), of them 71.43 and 28.57% had central and peripheral VDs, respectively. Dizziness was associated with peripheral VD. Compared to patients without VDs, those with VDs were older and had earlier age at onset and longer duration of diabetes (&#x3e;5 years), higher levels of HbA1c (&#x3e;7%), higher frequencies of DKA and hypoglycemic attacks, comorbid medical conditions, and diabetic complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that presence of VNG abnormalities (VDs) was independently correlated with diabetes duration &#x3e;5 years (odds ratio [OR] = 4.52 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.55–7.04], <i>p</i> = 0.001), HbA1c% levels &#x3e;7% (OR = 3.42 [95% CI = 2.84–5.75], <i>p</i> = 0.001), and presence of hypoglycemic attacks (OR = 4.65 [95% CI = 2.85–7.55]). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> -VDs are prevalent in children with T1D and correlated with the duration and severity of diabetes and the occurrence of hypoglycemic attacks. Therefore, optimizing glycemic control and prevention and treatment of diabetic complications and comorbidities are important. Multidisciplinary follow-ups are required for early detection and management of diabetic VDs.

Hemangioblastoma diagnosis and surveillance in von Hippel–Lindau disease: a consensus statement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kristin Huntoon ◽  
Matthew J. Shepard ◽  
Rimas V. Lukas ◽  
Ian E. McCutcheon ◽  
Anthony B. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cancer Network

OBJECTIVE Hemangioblastomas are a frequent underlying cause of neurological morbidity and death in patients with von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL). Although these benign tumors can cause significant neurological debility when undetected and untreated, unified evidence-based surveillance recommendations for VHL patients have not been established. To develop consensus recommendations, the VHL Alliance established an expert committee, named the International VHL Surveillance Guidelines Consortium, to define surveillance recommendations. METHODS The Central Nervous System (CNS) Hemangioblastoma Subcommittee of the Guidelines Consortium was formed as a multidisciplinary team of experts in the diagnosis and management of hemangioblastomas. Recommendations were formulated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network Categories of Evidence and Consensus categorization after a comprehensive literature review. RESULTS Published studies (n = 49) that discussed age at onset, MRI frequency, natural history of VHL, and the risks and benefits of surveillance were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the authors recommend that clinical evaluation (yearly) be used as the primary screening tool for hemangioblastomas in VHL. The subcommittee suggests that screening be performed between the ages of 11 and 65 years, or with the onset of symptoms, for synchronicity with other testing regimens in VHL. The subcommittee also recommends that baseline MRI be first performed at the age of 11 years (suggested 2B, level of evidence D) or after identification of neurological symptoms or signs (if earlier) and continue every 2 years (recommended 2A, level of evidence A). CONCLUSIONS The CNS Hemangioblastoma Subcommittee of the International VHL Surveillance Guidelines Consortium here proposes guidelines that aim to increase the early detection of VHL-associated hemangioblastomas to reduce their morbidity and mortality.

Epidemiology of Physician-Diagnosed Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901
Author(s):  
Anne L. Wright ◽  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Marilyn Halonen ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez ◽  
Wayne Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. To investigate the natural history of and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in the first 6 years of life. Methods. Parents of 747 healthy children followed from birth completed a questionnaire when the child was 6 years old. Data were obtained regarding physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (PDAR), associated symptoms, and age at onset. Risk-factor data were taken from earlier questionnaires, and data regarding immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin-test reactivity were obtained at age 6. Results. By the age of 6, 42% of children had PDAR. Children whose rhinitis began in the first year of life had more respiratory symptoms at age 6 and were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma. Early introduction of foods or formula, heavy maternal cigarette smoking in the first year of life, and higher IgE, as well as parental allergic disorders, were associated with early development of rhinitis. Risk factors for PDAR that remained significant in a multivanate model included maternal history of physician-diagnosed allergy (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.54), asthma in the child (4.06, 2.06-7.99), and IgE greater than 100 IU/mL at age 6 (1.93, 1.18-3.17). The odds for atopic as opposed to nonatopic PDAR were significantly higher only among those with high IgE and those who had dogs. Conclusion. Allergic rhinitis developing in the first years of life is an early manifestation of an atopic predisposition, which may be triggered by early environmental exposures.

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