scholarly journals A risk index for 12-month suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILHERME BORGES ◽  
JULES ANGST ◽  
MATTHEW K. NOCK ◽  
AYELET MERON RUSCIO ◽  
ELLEN E. WALTERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Parental Psychopathology ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey Replication ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey ◽  
History Of

Background. Clinical judgments about the likelihood of suicide attempt would be aided by an index of risk factors that could be quickly assessed in diverse settings. We sought to develop such a risk index for 12-month suicide attempts among suicide ideators.Method. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a household survey of adults aged 18+, assessed the 12-month occurrence of suicide ideation, plans and attempts in a subsample of 5692 respondents. Retrospectively assessed correlates include history of prior suicidality, sociodemographics, parental psychopathology and 12-month DSM-IV disorders.Results. Twelve-month prevalence estimates of suicide ideation, plans and attempts are 2·6, 0·7 and 0·4% respectively. Although ideators with a plan are more likely to make an attempt (31·9%) than those without a plan (9·6%), 43% of attempts were described as unplanned. History of prior attempts is the strongest correlate of 12-month attempts. Other significant correlates include shorter duration of ideation, presence of a suicide plan, and several sociodemographic and parental psychopathology variables. Twelve-month disorders are not powerful correlates. A four-category summary index of correlates is strongly related to attempts among ideators [area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC)=0·88]. The distribution (conditional probability of attempt) of the risk index is: 19·0% very low (0·0%), 51·1% low (3·5%), 16·2% intermediate (21·3%), and 13·7% high (78·1%). Two-thirds (67·1%) of attempts were made by ideators in the high-risk category.Conclusions. A short, preliminary risk index based on retrospectively reported responses to fully structured questions is strongly correlated with 12-month suicide attempts among ideators, with a high concentration of attempts among high-risk ideators.

scholarly journals Comportamento Suicidário nos Internos de Psiquiatria em Portugal: Comparação com a Realidade Europeia

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
João Gama Marques ◽  
Alice Roberto ◽  
Cátia Guerra ◽  
Mariana Pinto da Costa ◽  
Anja Podlesek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
History Of

<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this paper was to assess the prevalence of suicide ideation and attempts in Portuguese psychiatry trainees (adult and child and adolescence), and compare the data with the general population and other European countries.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A structured and anonymous questionnaire was sent by email to 159 portuguese trainees of adult psychiatry and child and adolescence psychiatry with questions about personal history of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, as well as family history of suicide attempts and completed suicides. This is part of the BoSS Study (Burnout Syndrome Study) performed in 21 countries worldwide. Data was analysed in SPSS v.19.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> From the inquired population, 62 trainees (40,3%) partially responded, and 46 (29%) were complete responders - these entered the final analysis. There was a ratio of 2:1 (female:male) and a mean age of 29 years. The suicidal ideation was present in passive form in 44% and in active form in 33%; also, 4.3% of respondents had previous suicide attempts. In first degree relatives, 22% had attempted suicide and 13% completed suicide.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The results are worriying and may be associated with some factors to which this population is exposed.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is necessary further research to better understand this phenomenon, its causes and potential modifiers.

Examining Time Perspective Orientation in Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempts

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-646
Author(s):  
Arezoo Shahnaz ◽  
Boaz Y. Saffer ◽  
E. David Klonsky
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Orientation ◽  
Two Measures

Introduction: Time perspective orientation (TPO) refers to the way an individual psychologically and behaviorally connects to temporal concepts of past, present, and future. Previous studies have hypothesized that certain types of time perspectives, such as a negative orientation towards the past, predict negative psychological functioning and outcomes, including suicide risk. The current study examines whether differences in TPOs are linked to suicidal thoughts or suicidal acts using two measures of time perspective. Methods: We recruited a large online U.S.-based sample comprised of three groups: participants with (a) a history of suicide attempts (attempters; n = 107), (b) a history of suicide ideation but no history of attempts (ideators; n = 164), and (c) no history of ideation or attempts (nonsuicidal; n = 194). Results: A Positive Past (d = 0.71) and Negative Past (d = 0.89) orientation yielded large differences between individuals with a history of suicide ideation and nonsuicidal participants, where Positive Past was elevated among nonsuicidal participants and Negative Past among ideators. These differences were not accounted for by depression or anxiety. However, TPO differences between individuals with a history of suicide ideation and individuals with a history of attempts ranged from negligible to small (d range = 0.03—0.33). Discussion: The findings suggest that time perspective may be robustly associated with the development of suicide ideation, but only minimally related to suicide attempts among ideators.

Mortality in Prisons: The Experience of the Bureau of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) (1993–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Guendalina Gentile ◽  
Marta Nicolazzo ◽  
Rachele Bianchi ◽  
Paolo Bailo ◽  
Michele Boracchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Detention Facilities

We undertook a retrospective analysis of deaths that took place in prisons in Milan between 1993 and 2017, by identifying cases from a total of 24,101 autopsies that were performed at the Section of Forensic Medicine of the University of Milan. From the archives of this institution, we found 227 autopsy reports relating to deaths that had taken place in one of Milan’s three detention facilities. These deaths were divided into two types: natural deaths ( n=135; 59.5%) and violent deaths ( n=92; 40.5%). The groups have different characteristics: while natural deaths mostly resulted from cardiovascular diseases, suicides were mainly the result of hanging. Further, people who died by suicide often had a history of psychiatric disease and/or drug abuse, and over a quarter of them had previous suicide attempts and/or had declared suicidal intentions. This study confirms the need for good quality healthcare services for prisoners, given that they remain a population at high risk of early death.

Predictive role of capillaroscopic skin ulcer risk index in systemic sclerosis: a multicentre validation study

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sebastiani ◽  
A Manfredi ◽  
G Vukatana ◽  
S Moscatelli ◽  
L Riato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Skin Ulcer ◽  
Digital Ulcers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

IntroductionThe early detection of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients at high risk of developing digital ulcers could allow preventive treatment, with a reduction of morbidity and social costs. In 2009, a quantitative score, the capillaroscopic skin ulcer risk index (CSURI), calculated according to the formula ‘D×M/N2’, was proposed, which was highly predictive of the appearance of scleroderma digital ulcers within 3 months of capillaroscopic evaluation.ObjectivesThis multicentre study aims to validate the predictive value and reproducibility of CSURI in a large population of SSc patients.MethodsCSURI was analysed in 229 unselected SSc patients by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC). All patients were re-evaluated 3 months later with regard to the persistence and/or appearance of new digital ulcers.Results57 of 229 patients presented with digital ulcers after 3 months. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.884 (95% CI 0.835 to 0.922), with specificity and sensitivity of 81.4% (95% CI 74.8 to 86.89) and 92.98% (95% CI 83.0 to 98.0), respectively, at the cut-off value of 2.96. The reproducibility of CSURI was validated on a random sample of 81 patients, with a κ-statistic measure of interrater agreement of 0.8514.ConclusionsThe role of CSURI was confirmed in detecting scleroderma patients with a significantly high risk of developing digital ulcers within the first 3 months from NVC evaluation. CSURI is the only method validated to predict the appearance of digital ulcers and its introduction into routine clinical practice might help optimise the therapeutic strategy of these harmful SSc complications.

Nine Psychiatric Inpatients who Leaped from a Height*

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Small ◽  
Jerrold F. Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Common Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Psychosis

The authors describe nine psychiatric inpatients from the same hospital who leaped from a height. Common features included youth, social isolation, diagnosis of schizophrenia, and chronic psychosis despite neuroleptic therapy. All had prolonged hospitalizations and a history of assaults, suicide attempts, or both. The authors suggest that these characteristics in conjunction with a recent change in hospital treatment plan or loss of social sup-ports may identify patients at high-risk for violent self-destructive acts.

Gender and Racial Differences for Suicide Attempters and Ideators in a High-Risk Community Corrections Population

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl B. McCullumsmith ◽  
C. Brendan Clark ◽  
Adam Perkins ◽  
Jessaka Fife ◽  
Karen L. Cropsey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Corrections Population

Background: Community corrections populations are a high-risk group who carry multiple suicide risk factors. Aims: To identify factors correlated with historical suicide attempts and ideation among African-American men, African-American women, White men, and White women in a community corrections population. Method: Self-report data from 18,753 enrollees in community corrections were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between historical suicidal ideation and attempts among the four demographic groups. Results: Participants with historical suicide attempts tended to be younger, White, female, be taking psychotropic medication, have a history of physical or sexual abuse, and meet criteria for dependence on alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, or sedatives. Five variables were commonly associated with suicide attempts for all four race/gender groups: younger age, being on disability or retirement, taking psychotropic medication, history of sexual or physical abuse, and cocaine dependence. Other demographic variables had race or gender specificities as risk factors for suicide attempts. Conclusions: Participants had high rates of historical suicide attempts with unique correlates differentiating attempters from ideators among different racial and gender groups. Cocaine dependence was universal predictor of suicide attempts, while other substance dependencies show specific racial and gender profiles associated with suicide attempts.

Financial Strain, Suicidal Thoughts, and Suicidal Behavior Among US Military Personnel in the National Guard

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
Craig J. Bryan ◽  
AnnaBelle O. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Us Military ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Although financial strain is an identified risk factor for suicide among US military personnel, research is limited regarding the specific dimensions of financial strain that confer the greatest risk. Aims: The present study examined the associations among multiple indicators of financial strain, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts in a sample of US National Guard personnel, a high-risk subgroup of the US military. Method: National Guard personnel from Utah and Idaho ( n = 997) completed an anonymous online self-report survey. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to test hypothesized associations. Results: Lifetime history of suicide ideation was significantly more common among participants reporting recent income decrease, credit problems, and difficulty making ends meet, even when adjusting for other covariates. Lifetime history of suicide attempt was significantly associated with recent foreclosure or loan default, credit problems, and difficulty making ends meet, but only in univariate analyses. Recent credit problems were the only financial strain indicator that significantly predicted a history of suicide attempt among participants with a history of suicide ideation. Limitations: The present study includes self-report methodology and cross-sectional design. Conclusion: Although multiple indicators of financial strain are associated with increased risk for suicidal thinking among National Guard military personnel, credit problems had the strongest association with suicide attempts.

Suicide in probation: Towards the ideation-to-action model

2021 ◽  
pp. 026455052110415
Author(s):  
Charlie Brooker ◽  
Karen Tocque ◽  
Georgia West ◽  
Alice Norman-Taylor ◽  
James Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Action Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Suicide in probation services is far higher than the general population. This paper presents secondary analysis of data previously used to evaluate the outcome of delivering psychological treatment to probationers in London. A sample of probation service users who screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of distress and were subsequently assessed and offered treatment ( n = 274) were allocated retrospectively to one of three groups: those with a history of suicidal ideations but no suicide attempts (ideation group), those with a history of a suicidal act (attempt group) or a control group where suicide was not evident (no history group). Results indicate no significant difference between the ideation and the attempt groups, but significant differences between these and the no history group. The findings are discussed within the context of the suicide ideation-to-action models that have been debated in other offender settings. We conclude that a more nuanced understanding of suicidal acts and suicide attempts is required in probation services including a prospective study that tests the ideation-to-action model.

scholarly journals Suicide Ideation and Attempts among First Nations Peoples Living On-Reserve in Canada: The Intergenerational and Cumulative Effects of Indian Residential Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Jane McQuaid ◽  
Amy Bombay ◽  
Opal Arilla McInnis ◽  
Courtney Humeny ◽  
Kimberly Matheson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Objective: Suicide rates among Indigenous peoples in Canada are at least twice that of their non-Indigenous counterparts. Although contemporary stressors contribute to this increased risk, historical experiences such as the Indian Residential School (IRS) system may also have continuing links with the risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The current investigation examined the intergenerational and cumulative links between familial IRS attendance in relation to lifetime suicide ideation and attempts among First Nations adults living on-reserve. Method: Data from the 2008-2010 First Nations Regional Health Survey were analyzed, and participants comprised a representative sample of First Nations adults older than 18 years (weighted N = 127,338; IRS attendees were excluded). Of those who knew their familial IRS history, 38.0% had no history of attendance, 19.3% had a grandparent who attended, 16.2% had a parent who attended, and 26.5% had a parent and grandparent who attended. Results: Exposure of one previous familial generation to the IRS experience was associated with increased risk for lifetime suicide ideation (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.84; P = 0.001) and attempts (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.94; P < 0.016) compared with those with no IRS history. Having 2 generations of IRS familial history was associated with greater odds of reporting a suicide attempt compared with having one generation (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.75; P = 0.022), which was reduced when current levels of distress and ideation were accounted for. Conclusion: Findings support the existence of linkages between intergenerational exposure to IRS and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts and for a potential cumulative risk in relation to suicide attempts across generations.

Psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts among adolescents victimized by school bullying

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Rong Bang ◽  
Jae Hong Park
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

Objective: We conducted a cross-sectional school-based study to investigate psychiatric disorders and suicide risk among adolescents victimized by bullying. Method: The study was designed in two stages. In the screening stage, 33,038 middle school students were screened for psychopathology. Next, in the face-to-face interview stage, 1196 participants were assessed for psychiatric disorders using a structured diagnostic instrument. We also collected information about the participants’ experiences of bullying and history of suicidal ideation/attempts. Results: The results indicate that adolescents with a history of bullying victimization were more likely to be diagnosed with depression and psychosis than those without such a history. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that bullying victimization was significantly associated with suicide attempts even after adjusting for demographic characteristics, depression and psychosis. Conclusions: Bullying victimization is a risk factor for depression, psychosis, and suicide ideation and attempts. The findings warrant an early intervention and suicide prevention program for victimized students and anti-bullying policies in schools.

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