Suicide in probation: Towards the ideation-to-action model

2021 ◽  
pp. 026455052110415
Author(s):  
Charlie Brooker ◽  
Karen Tocque ◽  
Georgia West ◽  
Alice Norman-Taylor ◽  
James Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Action Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Suicide in probation services is far higher than the general population. This paper presents secondary analysis of data previously used to evaluate the outcome of delivering psychological treatment to probationers in London. A sample of probation service users who screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of distress and were subsequently assessed and offered treatment ( n = 274) were allocated retrospectively to one of three groups: those with a history of suicidal ideations but no suicide attempts (ideation group), those with a history of a suicidal act (attempt group) or a control group where suicide was not evident (no history group). Results indicate no significant difference between the ideation and the attempt groups, but significant differences between these and the no history group. The findings are discussed within the context of the suicide ideation-to-action models that have been debated in other offender settings. We conclude that a more nuanced understanding of suicidal acts and suicide attempts is required in probation services including a prospective study that tests the ideation-to-action model.

Prevalence of Impaired Orthostasis after Concussion Injury

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S1.3-S2
Author(s):  
Michael F. La Fountaine ◽  
Asante Hohn ◽  
Caroline Leahy ◽  
Anthony Testa
Keyword(s):  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OHypo) and hypertension (OHTN), respectively after a concussion in collegiate athletes.BackgroundOrthostasis causes a gravity-dependent redistribution of blood volume to the lower extremities. The baroreflex coordinates the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system to mitigate aberrant changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP). In autonomic dysfunction (AD), impaired accommodation may lead to a clinically significant? SBP decreases (OHypo: SBP fall = 20 mm Hg) or paradoxical increases (OHTN: SBP rise = 20 mm Hg) within 3 minutes of assuming the standing (STND) posture. Concussion injuries may induce a transient state of AD. A clinical approach to surveil this state has yet to be defined.Design/MethodsA prospective study was performed in 36 concussed (gender: 23 female, 13 male; age: 20 ± 1 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.12 meters; weight: 73 ± 14 kilograms) and 20 non-concussed athletes (gender: 12 female, 8 male; age: 21 ± 2 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.15 meters; weight: 72 ± 18 kilograms). Continuous beat-to-beat SBP was collected for 10-minutes in a resting supine position (SUP) and then for 3-minutes in the STND position within 48 hours (48H) of concussion. The average SBP was computed from the difference between SUP and the final 15 seconds of STND. SBP were then categorized: Normal (NR: SBP -15 to +15 mm Hg); Borderline OHypo (BordOHypo: SBP −16 to −19 mm Hg) and OHTN (BordOHTN: SBP +16 to +19 mm Hg); OHypo; and, OHTN.ResultsIn concussed athletes, the SBP prevalence rates were 42% NR, 31% OHypo, 11% OHTN, 11% BordOHTN, and 6% BordOHypo compared to 90% NR, 5% OHypo and 5% OHTN in the non-concussed athletes. ?2 test revealed a significant difference in this distribution (p = 0.012).ConclusionsWithin 48H of concussion injury, a combined 42% of injured athletes had an abnormal SBP response to orthostasis and a further 6% had borderline responses that warrant re-evaluation. The incidence rates for each circumstance exceeded the control group.

scholarly journals The Role of Prehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenal Resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Andrej Petrovich Koshel' ◽  
Evgenij Sergeevich Drozdov ◽  
Evgenij Bogdanovich Topolnitskiy ◽  
Sergej S Klokov ◽  
Nikolay Anatolievich Shefer
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Prognostic Nutritional Index ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background. Currently, the introduction of pre-rehabilitation programs has shown its effectiveness in various sections of abdominal surgery, however, its role in surgical pancreatology is still not entirely clear Aim. To study the effectiveness of the implementation of pre-rehabilitation programs (preoperative exercises and diet therapy) during the waiting period for surgery and their effect on the physical and nutritional status, as well as postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection. Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out including 44 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups. The control group (23 patients) preoperative preparation, which was carried out according to the standard method. The main group consisted of 21 patients who underwent pre-rehabilitation. Results. Among the patients in the compared groups, there were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, ASA and body mass index, concomitant diseases, and basic laboratory parameters. In the group of patients who underwent pre-rehabilitation, there was a statistically significant increase in the 6-minute walk test (p = 0.02), as well as the prognostic nutritional index (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the compared groups in the incidence of major postoperative complications (Clavien - Dindo III / IV) (p = 0.8), clinically significant pancreatic fistulas (p = 0.5), and mortality (p = 0, 6), however, in the pre-rehabilitation group there was a significant decrease in the incidence of gastric evacuation disorders in comparison with the control group (9.5% versus 34.8%, p = 0.04). The average postoperative bed-day was 16.1 5.6 days in the pre-rehabilitation group and 19.8 6.2 days in the control group (p = 0.04). Conclusion. The introduction of pre-rehabilitation in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenal resection is effective and allows improving the physical and nutritional status of the patient, reducing the postoperative bed day and reducing the frequency of delayed gastric evacuation.

Common and distinguishing historical, criminal and current environmental and psychological characteristics in male inmates with a history of suicidal and/or non-suicidal self-injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Barton ◽  
Steven R. Cumming ◽  
Anthony Samuels ◽  
Tanya Meade
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
South Wales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intervention Team ◽  
Male Inmates

Purpose Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is distinguishable from suicide attempts (SAs) on a number of psychological and motivational factors. However, in corrective services settings, NSSI and SA are not clearly distinguished in assessment impacting on intervention. The purpose of this paper is to examine if any attributes differentiate lifetime history of SA+NSSI, NSSI and SA presentations in inmates who had recently been assessed in custody by a risk intervention team. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive clinical assessment and file review was conducted with 87 male inmates (including a no self-injury control group) in two large correctional centres in New South Wales, Australia, to determine if three self-injury groups differ from the control group and if the three self-injury groups differ from each other across a range of static, trait, environmental and clinical characteristics. Findings The SA+NSSI group was most different from the control group (27/59 variables), and from the SA group (10/59 variables), predominantly across trait and clinical correlates. The SA group was least different from the control group (2/59 variables: suicide ideation, childhood physical abuse). Originality/value It was found that the presence of SA+NSSI history is an indicator of increased psychopathology. A history of SA only appears not readily associated with psychopathology. The self-injury subgroups reflected different clinical profiles with implications for risk assessment and treatment planning.

Cholesterol concentrations in violent and non-violent women suicide attempters

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vevera ◽  
I. Žukov ◽  
T. Morcinek ◽  
H. Papežová
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Serum Cholesterol ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether women with a history of violent suicide attempts have lower serum cholesterol concentrations than those who attempted suicide by non-violent methods. Our retrospective study used a case-control design to compare serum total cholesterol concentration, hematocrit, red blood cell count and body mass index (BMI) in women with a history of violent (n = 19) or non-violent (n = 51) suicide attempts and of non-suicidal controls (n = 70) matched by diagnosis and age. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age as the covariate was used to analyze differences in cholesterol levels in groups according to violence. Violence was found to be a significant factor (P = 0.016). Using the Scheffé test, a significant difference (P = 0.011) was revealed between the group of violent and non-violent suicide attempters and between the violent suicide attempters and the control group. Patients with a violent suicidal attempt have significantly lower cholesterol levels than patients with non-violent attempts and the control subjects. Our findings suggest that suicide attempts should not be considered a homogenous group. They are consistent with the theory that low levels of cholesterol are associated with increased tendency for impulsive behavior and aggression and contribute to a more violent pattern of suicidal behavior.

Breastfeeding Training through Role-Play and Effects on Mother-infant Attachment Behaviours: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Saljughi ◽  
Mitra Savabi-Esfahani ◽  
Shahnaz Kohan ◽  
Soheila Ehsanpour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Mother-infant attachment is an intimate, lasting and satisfying relationship that leads to better cognitive, emotional and social growth of the infant. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding training by role-play on mother-infant attachment behaviours. This research was a randomised clinical trial (parallel design). Inclusion criteria were: no history of mental disorders; ability to read and write the Persian language to complete the questionnaire; no history of drug and tobacco intake in primigravida women. The sample comprised 100 pregnant women (in 2 groups), selected through simple random sampling at healthcare centres. The researcher reviewed prenatal care registries of selected healthcare centres and extracted the names of pregnant women in their early third trimester. The data were imported into randomisation software. The control group received routine breastfeeding training, while the intervention group received routine training together with training through role-play. The data collection tool was the Maternal Behaviour Inventory Questionnaire. Consequently 75 samples were analysed in SPSS16. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to examine the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the mean score of mother-infant attachment one week after delivery was significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison to that in the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in maternal age, age of marriage, neonatal gender, maternal employment and education, number of parity, and number of abortions (P>0.05). Since breastfeeding training through role-play could affect mother-infant attachment, it is suggested that this type of training should be provided for pregnant women to promote mother-infant attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Leah Shelef ◽  
Jessica M Rabbany ◽  
Peter M Gutierrez ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Ariel Ben Yehuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts.

Do Deeper Levels of Cervical Biopsies Preceded by a Pap Smear Diagnosis of LSIL, ASCUS, or NILM/HPV+ Increase the Yield of Identifying Clinically Significant Lesions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S163-S164
Author(s):  
K G Manjee ◽  
W G Watkin
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Past History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
P16 Immunohistochemistry ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Introduction/Objective Cervical biopsy is performed following an abnormal pap smear or positive HPV testing in an attempt to uncover clinically significant lesions [HSIL/invasive carcinoma (HSIL+)]. An excisional procedure is considered if biopsy confirms HSIL+. When preceded by pap smear of LSIL, ASCUS, NILM/HPV+ or persistent HPV, continued surveillance is recommended for biopsies showing no SIL or LSIL. In our laboratory, cervical biopsies are routinely sectioned at 3 levels. Deeper levels are often ordered when initial sections are non-diagnostic. p16 immunohistochemistry, with or without deeper levels, is often ordered to confirm HSIL, or to differentiate HSIL from mimics. In this study, we examine whether and in what clinical situations does obtaining additional levels uncover clinically significant lesions. Methods 430 cervical biopsies between January-May 2018, with recent cytology of LSIL, ASCUS or NILM/HPV+ were identified in the pathology database. HPV status (if known), final biopsy diagnosis and past history of LSIL/HSIL were recorded. For each biopsy, orders for additional levels and/or p16 immunohistochemistry were recorded resulting in 4 categories: C1-no additional levels or p16, C2-deeper only, C3-deeper+p16 and C4-p16 only. Final diagnoses were divided into HSIL+, LSIL and no SIL. Results There was no significant difference in prior history of LSIL/HSIL and HPV status between all categories. Biopsy results were as follows: HSIL+: 11/222 (5%) C1; 1/78 (1%) C2; 7/43 (16%) C3; 15/87 (17%) C4 LSIL: 91/222 (41%) C1; 7/78 (9%) C2; 16/43 (37%) C3; 35/87 (40%) C4 No SIL: 120/222 (54%) C1; 70/78 (90%) C2; 20/43 (46%) C3; 37/87 (42%) C4 The average number of additional levels in C2 and C3 was 3.8 and 1.8, respectively. Conclusion Deeper levels alone did not enhance the detection of HSIL+. Almost all LSIL/HSIL were detected when initial levels were diagnostic or suspicious and supported by p16 immunohistochemistry. 3 levels are adequate to detect clinically significant lesions.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Risk Factors in Chinese Young Women with Acute Coronary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifang Liu ◽  
Fangxing Xu ◽  
Yujie Zhou ◽  
Tongku Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background In recent years, the prevalence rate of ACS in Chinese young women has been increasing significantly, becoming the main cause of death in young female. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and difference of risk factors in Chinese young women with ACS and to provide references for ACS prevention and treatment. Methods A 1:1 case-control study was conducted to evaluate risk factors of 415 young female patients with ACS (ACS group) who underwent PCI treatment and 415 young female cases without ACS (control group) who were hospitalized and confirmed by coronary angiography to exclude coronary heart disease from January 2010 to August 2016. The average age of the cases in the two groups was respectively (40.77±4.02) years-old and (40.57±4.01) years-old (P> 0.05). Results The risk factors in ACS group were overweight (64.10%), hypertension (49.88%), hyperlipidemia (35.66%), diabetes (23.37%), depression or anxiety disorder (16.62%), gynecological diseases (16.39%), Hyperuricemia (15.18%), family history of early onset coronary heart disease (14.94%), hyperhomocysteinemia (11.33%), hypothyroidism(14.96%), hypercholesterolemia (8.43%) and high c-reactive protein (7.47%), and were statistically significant difference (P<0.01) compared with that of control group. The average number of risk factors per case in ACS group was significantly more than that of control groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of combined risk factors of the overweight cases compared between two groups (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, overweight（obesity）, high CRP, hypertension, hypothyroidism, gynecological diseases, depression or anxiety, cardiac insufficiency, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, oral contraceptives, family history of early onset CHD, and autoimmune diseases were independent risk factors (P<0.01). The bivariate correlation analysis between CRP level and age was r= -0.158 (P<0.01). This result showed the younger ACS patient is the higher serum CRP. Conclusion The independent risk factors of ACS in young women are hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, overweight, high CRP, hypertension, hypothyroidism, gynecological diseases, depression or anxiety, cardiac insufficiency, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, oral contraceptives, family history of early onset CHD, and autoimmune diseases. The co-existence of multiple risk factors is the main cause suffering from ACS in young women.

Bronchiolitis as a Possible Cause of Wheezing in Childhood: New Evidence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. McConnochie ◽  
Klaus J. Roghmann ◽  
Suzanne J. Klein ◽  
Thomas K. Mclnery ◽  
James B. MacWhinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Practice Population ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Allergic Manifestations

A historical cohort study was performed in order to assess the hypothesis that even mild bronchiolitis in infancy is a predictor of wheezing later in childhood. Subjects who had experienced bronchiolitis and a matched control group were compared in terms of reported wheezing 8 years later. A highly significant difference was found between the bronchiolitis group and the control group in terms of current wheezing (P &lt; .0001, relative risk 3.24). This difference was maintained after adjusting for many potentially confounding variables including family history of allergy and other allergic manifestations in the child. Results suggested that 13.6% of a normal practice population in the age range 6 to 9 years currently wheeze, but that 44.1% of children who experienced bronchiolitis currently wheeze. Based on the incidence of bronchiolitis (4.27/100 children in their first 2 years of life) and the relative odds for wheezing derived from a logistic regression model including variables that measured passive smoking, genetic tendency to wheeze, and bronchiolitis, calculations of attributable risk suggested that wheezing in 9.4% of the population of children who currently wheeze was attributable to bronchiolitis.

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