Family psychiatric morbidity of acute and transient psychotic disorders and their relationship to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2369-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Castagnini ◽  
T. M. Laursen ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
A. Bertelsen
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundAlthough transient psychotic disorders are currently classified as a category separate from schizophrenia (SZ) and affective disorders, their distinctive features remain uncertain. This study examines the family psychiatric morbidity of the ICD-10 category of ‘acute and transient psychotic disorders’ (ATPDs), pointing out differences from SZ and bipolar disorder (BD).MethodFrom a cohort of 2.5 million persons, we identified all patients enrolled in the Danish Psychiatric Register who were ever admitted with ATPDs (n=2537), SZ (n = 10639) and BD disorder (n=5292) between 1996 and 2008. The relative risk (RR) of ATPDs, SZ and BD associated with psychiatric morbidity in first-degree relatives (FDRs) was calculated as the incidence rate ratio using Poisson regression.ResultsThe RR of ATPDs [1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76–2.11] was higher if patients with ATPDs had at least one FDR admitted with any mental disorder than patients without family psychiatric antecedents. An additional risk arose if they had FDRs admitted not only with ATPDs (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.33–1.92) but also with SZ (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.70–2.50) and/or BD (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.96). Despite some overlap, the risk of SZ (RR 2.80, 95% CI 2.58–3.04) and BD (RR 3.68, 95% CI 3.29–4.12) was markedly higher if patients with SZ and BD had FDRs admitted with the same condition.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that family psychiatric predisposition has a relatively modest impact on ATPDs and argue against a sharp differentiation of ATPDs from SZ and BD.

scholarly journals The incidence of hydrocephalus among patients with and without spinal muscular atrophy (SMA): Results from a US electronic health records study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Viscidi ◽  
Nasha Wang ◽  
Maneesh Juneja ◽  
Ishir Bhan ◽  
Claudia Prada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
First Occurrence

Abstract Background The incidence of hydrocephalus in the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) population relative to the general population is currently unknown. Since the approval of nusinersen, an intrathecally administered drug for SMA, a small number of hydrocephalus cases among nusinersen users have been reported. Currently, the incidence of hydrocephalus in untreated SMA patients is not available, thereby making it difficult to determine if hydrocephalus is a side effect of nusinersen or part of SMA’s natural history. This retrospective, matched cohort study used electronic health records (EHRs) to estimate and compare the incidence of hydrocephalus in both SMA patients and matched non-SMA controls in the time period prior to the approval of nusinersen. Methods The U.S. Optum® de-identified EHR database contains records for approximately 100 million persons. The current study period spanned January 1, 2007–December 22, 2016. Patients with SMA were identified by one or more International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and/or ICD-10 codes for SMA appearing as primary, admission, or discharge diagnoses, without a pregnancy diagnostic code in the 1-year time before and after the first occurrence of SMA. The first occurrence of SMA defined the index date and non-SMA controls were matched to cases. Incident cases of hydrocephalus were identified with one or more ICD-9 and/or ICD-10 code for any type of hydrocephalus following the index date. Hydrocephalus incidence rates per person-months and the incidence rate ratio comparing SMA cases with non-SMA controls were calculated. Results There were 5354 SMA cases and an equal number of matched non-SMA controls. Incident hydrocephalus events were identified in 42 SMA cases and 9 non-SMA controls. Hydrocephalus incidence rates per 100,000 person-months were 15.5 (95% CI: 11.2–20.9) among SMA cases and 3.3 (95% CI: 1.5–6.3) among non-SMA controls. The incidence rate ratio was 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4–10.2). Conclusions Based on this retrospective analysis utilizing US EHR data, SMA patients had an approximately fourfold increased risk of hydrocephalus compared with non-SMA controls in the era preceding nusinersen treatment. This study may assist in properly evaluating adverse events in nusinersen-treated SMA patients.

Description of the prevalence of psychiatric disturbances in patients with refractory epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S317-S318
Author(s):  
S. Ramos-Perdigues ◽  
E. Bailles ◽  
A. Mane ◽  
L. Pintor
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbances ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

IntroductionPsychiatric morbidity in epilepsy is high, with prevalence rates of up to 50%, being higher in treatment-refractory cases. This co-morbidity worsen the quality of life. Psychiatric comorbidities are hampered by atypical presentations or disorders, which do not appear in the DSM-IV or ICD.ObjectivesTo describe the psychiatric morbidity in a group of patients with refractory-epilepsy.AimsTo provide evidence of the high morbidity and show the prevalence of the different psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe cross-sectional assessed psychiatric disturbances in resistant-epileptic patients using SCID for DSM-IV and clinical interview for epileptic specific psychiatric conditions. We grouped psychiatric disturbances into six clusters:– affective disorders;– anxiety disorders;– psychotic disorders;– eating disorders;– conduct disorder;– substance use disorder.We also considered epilepsy specific conditions as Interictal Psychotic Disorder (IPI) and Interictal Dysphoric Disorder (IDD) characterized by 3/8 symptoms: depressive mood, anergia, pain, insomnia, fear, anxiety, irritability, and euphoric mood.ResultsThe sample consist on 153 patients, with a mean age of 37. In total, 42.5% were males. One or more axis I diagnoses was seen in 38% of the patients. The most common condition was IDD (27.1%), followed by affective disorders (22%), anxiety disorders (15.3%), psychotic disorders (4%) and drug use (2%). There were no patients with eating or conduct disorders or IPI.ConclusionsPsychiatric morbidity is frequent in resistant-epilepsy. Despite 38% of patients suffered from at least one axis I diagnoses, IDD was the most prevalent condition and not included in SCID interview.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia is not disappearing in south-west Scotland

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Allardyce ◽  
G. Morrison ◽  
J. Van Os ◽  
J. Kelly ◽  
R. M. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
South West ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

BackgroundRecent work has reported a decline in the incidence of schizophrenia, but it is unclear if these findings reflect a true decrease in its incidence or are an artefact arising from methodological difficulties.AimsTo take account of these methodological difficulties and report service-based incidence rates for schizophrenia in Dumfries and Galloway in south-west Scotland for 1979–98.MethodUsing both clinical diagnoses and diagnoses generated from the Operational Checklist for Psychotic Disorders (OPCRIT) computer algorithm for ICD–10 and DSM–IV schizophrenia, we measured change in the incidence rates over time. We used indirect standardisation techniques and Poisson models to measure the rate ratio linear trend.ResultsThere was a monotonic and statistically significant decline in clinically diagnosed schizophrenia. The summary rate ratio linear trend was 0.77. However, using OPCRIT-generated ICD–10 and DSM–IV diagnoses, there was no significant difference over time.ConclusionsOPCRIT-generated consistent diagnoses revealed no significant fall in the incidence of schizophrenia. Changes in diagnostic practice have caused the declining rates of clinically diagnosed schizophrenia in Dumfries and Galloway.

Pharmacotherapy of acute psychotic states: The reason for benzodiazepines and valproic acid augmentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S612-S612
Author(s):  
A. Veraksa ◽  
A. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Competing Interest

Acute psychotic states (APS) usually are diagnosed as schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorders and make up about 45% of cases. The goal of the study was to elucidate the effect of benzodiazepines (BDZ) and valproic acid augmentation in the APS pharmacotherapy. The study was carried out on 102 inpatients diagnosed up to ICD-10 as schizophrenia (n = 24), acute and transient psychotic disorders (n = 40), other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical disease (n = 17), schizoaffective disorder (n = 12), bipolar affective disorder (n = 9). Patients were randomized into four therapeutic groups:– benzodiazepines (BDZ);– one neuroleptic or combination of one neuroleptic and one BDZ (NBDZ);– combination of valproic acid with BDZ or neuroleptic (VBDZN);– polypragmasy (PP): from two drugs of one group up to four and more drugs at the same time.The mental state of the patients was evaluated daily and estimated before, weekly and after APS termination by BPRS and CGI scale. The APS in all groups lasted from 1 to 50 days (mean 11.4). The shortest duration of APS was In BDZ group – 4.7 days; in VBDZN and NBDZ, the duration was 7.0 and 7.4 days (P < 0.05); in PP group, the treatment lasted 24.5 days (P < 0.001). Before therapy, average BPRS rate was 43.5 ± 8.1, CGI – 6.2 ± 0.8; after APS, BPRS was 18.9 ± 2.1, CGI – 1.1 ± 0.3. All rates did not differ among subgroups. APS therapy by BDZ and its combination with neuroleptics and valproic acid was effective compared to the polypragmasy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Sexuality of Male Patients with Affective Disorders - Demographic and Clinical Features

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
R. Kowalczyk ◽  
◽  
T. Krystyan ◽  
D. Dudek ◽  
M. Krzystanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Somatic Comorbidities ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: Aim: The aim of this study was to explore sexuality (frequency and willingness to initiate sexual contact, opinions on sexual life and possible sexual dysfunctions) among Polish male patients treated in psychiatric clinics with a diagnosis of affective disorder. Design and Method: Method: 62 men aged 23-61 years with diagnosed affective disorder according to ICD-10 criteria were included. Participants were asked to complete the Kratochvil Sexual Function of Man (SFM/K) Questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Obtained data was complemented by socio-medical history, including type of affective disorder, duration of the disease, drug abuse, and somatic comorbidities. Results: Results: 52% of participants were diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the second most common diagnosis was recurrent depressive disorder. Bipolar men reported more often sexual contacts, more frequently had a good feeling after sexual intercourse. 61% of respondents reported at least one sexual dysfunction. Most common psychological factor was fear of failing as sexual partner. Statistically significant influences on the average SFM/K total score were: age at the onset of illness, duration of affective disorders and its treatment, number of hospitalizations. Conclusions: Averaged total score of SFM/K, for all examined men was found to range moderate results. Recurrent depression seem to be more strongly correlated with lower scores, so global as well as within each response, rather than affective phase in bipolar disorder. Greater differentiation relates to “duration of intercourse” and “problems with premature ejaculation”.

Delineation of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders in a Developing Country Setting

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra Susser ◽  
Vijoy K. Varma ◽  
Savita Malhotra ◽  
Sarah Conover ◽  
Xavier F. Amador
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundWe examined whether acute transient psychoses can be distinguished from schizophrenia and the affective disorders.MethodWe studied 46 cases of nonaffective acute psychosis in the Chandigarh Acute Psychosis Study. With respect to separation from schizophrenia, we examined the distribution of duration of the episode. With respect to separation from affective disorders, we assessed the frequency of affective symptoms.ResultsDuration was bimodal, suggesting the presence of two distinct conditions of short and long duration. Affective symptoms were minimal, suggesting that these were not atypical affective syndromes.ConclusionsAcute transient psychoses conform neither with schizophrenia of brief duration nor with atypical affective psychosis, and thus require separate classification as proposed in the ICD–10.

Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidities and Sociodemographic Profiles of Patients Attending Out-Patient Department (OPD) at Iftikhar Psychiatric Hospital, Peshawar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3386-3388
Author(s):  
Ghaazaan Khan ◽  
Shafi Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Patient Department

Background: Psychiatric disorders are the major causes of disability worldwide. Due to cultural differences, the patterns of mental disorders vary globally and there is need to study the patterns of psychiatric disorders in our region. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the pattern of various psychiatric morbidities as well as socio demographic characteristics of patients attending out-patient department (OPD) at Iftikhar Psychiatric Hospital, Peshawar. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Iftikhar Psychiatric Hospital, Peshawar from 1st June 2020 to 31st January 2021. During this period, a total of 150 patients were recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected for variables like gender, age, marital status, urban/rural background, employment status and psychiatric diagnosis. For the variables of continuous type like age, mean and standard deviation were calculated. Diagnosis was made using ICD-10 diagnostic classification system. All the variables were presented as frequencies and %ages. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Conclusion: Male predominance was observed in the study. Maximum numbers of psychiatric patients were in the age range from 18-40 years. Majority of the study participants were married, employed and belonged to urban background Regarding psychiatric morbidities, the most common were neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders (38%) followed by mood disorders (28.66 %)., schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (17.33%) and substance misuse disorders (10%). Keywords: ICD-10; Psychiatric morbidity; out-patient department

scholarly journals Internal stigma features at relatives of psychotic patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
N. B. Lutova ◽  
O. V. Makarevich
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Family Members ◽  
General Point ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Taking Care

The aim of the work was to study the severity and structure of self-stigma in relatives ofpsychotic patients. The study recruited 34 people who take care for patients with psychotic disorders (F2 and F3 according to ICD-10). Among them: 26-parents of patients (26-mothers), 4-spouses, 3- siblings and 1 child. The socio-demographic data of patients’ relatives were collected, for self-stigma evaluation was used SSI-F (Self-Stigma Family Inventory), which allows assessing the severity and structure of the family self-stigma. As a result, of the study, it was found that the intensity (by sub-scales and general point) of the caregivers did not threshold the mean score 2,5. The majority of respondents (76,5%) were patients’ parents and in 67,7% — were mothers. The differences in structure and overall intensity in different groups (gender, age, family position, employment and presence of other persons for care (children)) were found. Mild positive correlation between subscale social withdrawal (SSI-F) and age was observed. Discussed: general self-stigma vulnerability in groups of mothers and in persons over 50 years of age were higher, than in other relatives’ groups; sensitivity of internal stigma formation in spouses, working persons and relatives taking care with other family members,including children, had specific features.

Manejo y comorbilidades de los trastornos bipolares en la infancia y adolescencia

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Hugo Enrique Hernández-Martínez ◽  
Marta Georgina Ochoa-Madrigal
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
World Population ◽  
Key Words Bipolar Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms

The diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorders (BPD) in children is currently one of the biggest challenges and area of controversy in the field of child psychiatry. Bipolar disorders encompass several affective disorders that involve alterations in the degree of activity, content and form of thinking that are characterized by biphasic episodes of mood. This group of disorders affect approximately 1% of the world population and begin in youth (the average age of onset of ~20 years). However, in some studies a delay of 5 years has been observed since the presentation of symptoms at the beginning of the treatment. Currently, the diagnosis of TBP in children and adolescents should be based on the same set of symptoms applied to adults, as well as the general principles of the treatment. The research carried out around this disorder has resulted in changes in the conceptualization and approach of this pathology, now conceived as a group of disorders that share changes in mood and other cardinal symptoms, of a chronic and progressive nature that impacts in a negative way in those who suffer them. Key words: Bipolar disorder; childhood; mania; hypomania; depression.

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