scholarly journals Brain connectome modularity in weight-restored anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 2785-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zhang ◽  
A. Leow ◽  
L. Zhan ◽  
J. GadElkarim ◽  
T. Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Modular Structures

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) frequently co-occur, and have several overlapping phenomenological features. Little is known about their shared neurobiology. The aim of the study was to compare modular organization of brain structural connectivity.MethodWe acquired diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data on unmedicated individuals with BDD (n = 29), weight-restored AN (n = 24) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 31). We constructed connectivity matrices using whole-brain white matter tractography, and compared modular structures across groups.ResultsAN showed abnormal modularity involving frontal, basal ganglia and posterior cingulate nodes. There was a trend in BDD for similar abnormalities, but no significant differences compared with AN. In AN, poor insight correlated with longer path length in right caudal anterior cingulate and right posterior cingulate.ConclusionsAbnormal network organization patterns in AN, partially shared with BDD, may have implications for understanding integration between reward and habit/ritual formation, as well as conflict monitoring/error detection.

scholarly journals Structural Disconnection of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex Reduces Speech Error Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua McCall ◽  
Jonathan Vivian Dickens ◽  
Ayan Mandal ◽  
Andrew Tesla DeMarco ◽  
Mackenzie Fama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Speech Error

Optimal performance in any task relies on the ability to detect and repair errors. The anterior cingulate cortex and the broader posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) are active during error processing. However, it is unclear whether damage to the pMFC impairs error monitoring. We hypothesized that successful error monitoring critically relies on connections between the pMFC and broader cortical networks involved in executive functions and the task being monitored. We tested this hypothesis in the context of speech error monitoring in people with post-stroke aphasia. Diffusion weighted images were collected in 51 adults with chronic left-hemisphere stroke and 37 age-matched control participants. Whole-brain connectomes were derived using constrained spherical deconvolution and anatomically-constrained probabilistic tractography. Support vector regressions identified white matter connections in which lost integrity in stroke survivors related to reduced error detection during confrontation naming. Lesioned connections to the bilateral pMFC were related to reduced error monitoring, including many connections to regions associated with speech production and executive function. We conclude that connections to the pMFC support error monitoring. Error monitoring in speech production is supported by the structural connectivity between the pMFC and regions involved in speech production and executive function. Interactions between pMFC and other task relevant processors may similarly be critical for error monitoring in other task contexts.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity for face processing in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and anorexia nervosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 3491-3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Moody ◽  
M. A. Sasaki ◽  
C. Bohon ◽  
M. A. Strober ◽  
S. Y. Bookheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Face Area

Background.Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are both characterized by distorted perception of appearance. Previous studies in BDD suggest abnormalities in visual processing of own and others’ faces, but no study has examined visual processing of faces in AN, nor directly compared the two disorders in this respect.Method.We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data on 60 individuals of equivalent age and gender in each of three groups – 20 BDD, 20 weight-restored AN, and 20 healthy controls (HC) – while they viewed images of others’ faces that contained only high or low spatial frequency information (HSF or LSF). We tested hypotheses about functional connectivity within specialized sub-networks for HSF and LSF visual processing, using psychophysiological interaction analyses.Results.The BDD group demonstrated increased functional connectivity compared to HC between left anterior occipital face area and right fusiform face area (FFA) for LSF faces, which was associated with symptom severity. Both BDD and AN groups had increased connectivity compared to HC between FFA and precuneous/posterior cingulate gyrus for LSF faces, and decreased connectivity between FFA and insula. In addition, we found that LSF connectivity between FFA and posterior cingulate gyrus was significantly associated with thoughts about own appearance in AN.Conclusions.Results suggest similar abnormal functional connectivity within higher-order systems for face processing in BDD and AN, but distinct abnormal connectivity patterns within occipito-temporal visual networks. Findings may have implications for understanding relationships between these disorders, and the pathophysiology underlying perceptual distortions.

Serum Vitamin D and Cingulate Cortex Thickness in Older Adults: Quantitative MRI of the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzague Foucault ◽  
Guillaume T Duval ◽  
Romain Simon ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Mickael Dinomais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with brain changes, and cognitive and mobility declines in older adults. Method: Two hundred and fifteen Caucasian older community-dwellers (mean±SD, 72.1±5.5years; 40% female) received a blood test and brain MRI. The thickness of perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex was measured using FreeSurfer from T1-weighted MR images. Age, gender, education, BMI, mean arterial pressure, comorbidities, use of vitamin D supplements or anti-vascular drugs, MMSE, GDS, IADL, serum calcium and vitamin B9 concentrations, creatinine clearance were used as covariables. Results: Participants with vitamin D insufficiency (n=80) had thinner total cingulate thickness than the others (24.6±1.9mm versus 25.3±1.4mm, P=0.001); a significant difference found for all 3 regions. Vitamin D insufficiency was cross-sectionally associated with a decreased total cingulate thickness (β=- 0.49, P=0.028). Serum 25OHD concentration correlated positively with the thickness of perigenual anterior (P=0.011), midcingulate (P=0.013) and posterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021). Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with thinner cingulate cortex in the studied sample of older adults. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of cognitive and mobility declines in older adults with vitamin D insufficiency.

scholarly journals The Modular Organization of Pain Brain Networks: An fMRI Graph Analysis Informed by Intracranial EEG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Fauchon ◽  
David Meunier ◽  
Isabelle Faillenot ◽  
Florence B Pomares ◽  
Hélène Bastuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Noxious Heat ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Intracranial EEG (iEEG) studies have suggested that the conscious perception of pain builds up from successive contributions of brain networks in less than 1 s. However, the functional organization of cortico-subcortical connections at the multisecond time scale, and its accordance with iEEG models, remains unknown. Here, we used graph theory with modular analysis of fMRI data from 60 healthy participants experiencing noxious heat stimuli, of whom 36 also received audio stimulation. Brain connectivity during pain was organized in four modules matching those identified through iEEG, namely: 1) sensorimotor (SM), 2) medial fronto-cingulo-parietal (default mode-like), 3) posterior parietal-latero-frontal (central executive-like), and 4) amygdalo-hippocampal (limbic). Intrinsic overlaps existed between the pain and audio conditions in high-order areas, but also pain-specific higher small-worldness and connectivity within the sensorimotor module. Neocortical modules were interrelated via “connector hubs” in dorsolateral frontal, posterior parietal, and anterior insular cortices, the antero-insular connector being most predominant during pain. These findings provide a mechanistic picture of the brain networks architecture and support fractal-like similarities between the micro-and macrotemporal dynamics associated with pain. The anterior insula appears to play an essential role in information integration, possibly by determining priorities for the processing of information and subsequent entrance into other points of the brain connectome.

scholarly journals Uncovering Statistical Links Between Gene Expression and Structural Connectivity Patterns in the Mouse Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Timonidis ◽  
Alberto Llera ◽  
Paul H. E. Tiesinga
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Independent Components ◽  
Brain Connectome

AbstractFinding links between genes and structural connectivity is of the utmost importance for unravelling the underlying mechanism of the brain connectome. In this study we identify links between the gene expression and the axonal projection density in the mouse brain, by applying a modified version of the Linked ICA method to volumetric data from the Allen Institute for Brain Science for identifying independent sources of information that link both modalities at the voxel level. We performed separate analyses on sets of projections from the visual cortex, the caudoputamen and the midbrain reticular nucleus, and we determined those brain areas, injections and genes that were most involved in independent components that link both gene expression and projection density data, while we validated their biological context through enrichment analysis. We identified representative and literature-validated cortico-midbrain and cortico-striatal projections, whose gene subsets were enriched with annotations for neuronal and synaptic function and related developmental and metabolic processes. The results were highly reproducible when including all available projections, as well as consistent with factorisations obtained using the Dictionary Learning and Sparse Coding technique. Hence, Linked ICA yielded reproducible independent components that were preserved under increasing data variance. Taken together, we have developed and validated a novel paradigm for linking gene expression and structural projection patterns in the mouse mesoconnectome, which can power future studies aiming to relate genes to brain function.

scholarly journals Correlation between Traits of Emotion-Based Impulsivity and Intrinsic Default-Mode Network Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizheng Zhao ◽  
Dardo Tomasi ◽  
Corinde E. Wiers ◽  
Ehsan Shokri-Kojori ◽  
Şükrü B. Demiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Negative urgency (NU) and positive urgency (PU) are implicated in several high-risk behaviors, such as eating disorders, substance use disorders, and nonsuicidal self-injury behavior. The current study aimed to explore the possible link between trait of urgency and brain activity at rest. We assessed the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in 85 healthy volunteers. Trait urgency measures were related to ALFF in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral and dorsal medial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. In addition, trait urgency measures showed significant correlations with the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus seed with the thalamus and midbrain region. These findings suggest an association between intrinsic brain activity and impulsive behaviors in healthy humans.

scholarly journals Implications of starvation-induced change in right dorsal anterior cingulate volume in anorexia nervosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie M. McCormick ◽  
Pamela K. Keel ◽  
Michael C. Brumm ◽  
Wayne Bowers ◽  
Victor Swayze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER WITH A TENDENCY TO ANOREXIA NERVOSA IN ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Diona Wahyuni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Body Image Disorders ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are severe body image disorders that severely interfere with the daily functioning of the individual. They are separate but overlapping nosologically entities. There is a study on the tendency of wrong eating behaviour in adolescents with specifications for anorexia nervosa in Jakarta 11.6% and there is also a study at High School in Jakarta 88.5% of adolescents experience wrong eating behaviour with the specifications of anorexia nervosa. And the two largest epidemiological surveys regarding BDD, there were 2.5% women and 2.2% men. With a fairly high number of these two events, this has the potential to have a negative impact on someone’s health. This study aims to discuss the impact of anorexia nervosa. Methods: The researcher used several literature and scientific journals, which was based on 15 journals and literature, discussing a tendency to anorexia nervosa with the incidence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and its medical emergencies. Conclusion: There is a correlation of anorexia nervosa among teenager especially girl teenage

scholarly journals Tractography density affects whole-brain structural architecture and resting-state dynamical modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyesam Jung ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Oleksandr V. Popovych
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Dynamical Modeling ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
Network Properties

AbstractDynamical modeling of the resting-state brain dynamics essentially relies on the empirical neuroimaging data utilized for the model derivation and validation. There is however still no standardized data processing for magnetic resonance imaging pipelines and the structural and functional connectomes involved in the models. In this study, we thus address how the parameters of diffusion-weighted data processing for structural connectivity (SC) can influence the validation results of the whole-brain mathematical models and search for the optimal parameter settings. On this way, we simulate the functional connectivity by systems of coupled oscillators, where the underlying network is constructed from the empirical SC and evaluate the performance of the models for varying parameters of data processing. For this, we introduce a set of simulation conditions including the varying number of total streamlines of the whole-brain tractography (WBT) used for extraction of SC, cortical parcellations based on functional and anatomical brain properties and distinct model fitting modalities. We observed that the graph-theoretical network properties of structural connectome can be affected by varying tractography density and strongly relate to the model performance. We explored free parameters of the considered models and found the optimal parameter configurations, where the model dynamics closely replicates the empirical data. We also found that the optimal number of the total streamlines of WBT can vary for different brain atlases. Consequently, we suggest a way how to improve the model performance based on the network properties and the optimal parameter configurations from multiple WBT conditions. Furthermore, the population of subjects can be stratified into subgroups with divergent behaviors induced by the varying number of WBT streamlines such that different recommendations can be made with respect to the data processing for individual subjects and brain parcellations.Author summaryThe human brain connectome at macro level provides an anatomical constitution of inter-regional connections through the white matter in the brain. Understanding the brain dynamics grounded on the structural architecture is one of the most studied and important topics actively debated in the neuroimaging research. However, the ground truth for the adequate processing and reconstruction of the human brain connectome in vivo is absent, which is crucial for evaluation of the results of the data-driven as well as model-based approaches to brain investigation. In this study we thus evaluate the effect of the whole-brain tractography density on the structural brain architecture by varying the number of total axonal fiber streamlines. The obtained results are validated throughout the dynamical modeling of the resting-state brain dynamics. We found that the tractography density may strongly affect the graph-theoretical network properties of the structural connectome. The obtained results also show that a dense whole-brain tractography is not always the best condition for the modeling, which depends on a selected brain parcellation used for the calculation of the structural connectivity and derivation of the model network. Our findings provide suggestions for the optimal data processing for neuroimaging research and brain modeling.

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