Trait and facet-level predictors of first-onset depressive and anxiety disorders in a community sample of adolescent girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Goldstein ◽  
Roman Kotov ◽  
Greg Perlman ◽  
David Watson ◽  
Daniel N. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
First Onset

AbstractBackgroundIndividual differences in neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness are associated with, and may predict onset of, internalizing disorders. These general traits can be parsed into facets, but there is a surprising paucity of research on facet risk for internalizing disorders. We examined general traits and facets of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness in predicting first onsets of depressive and anxiety disorders.MethodsA community sample of 550 adolescent females completed general and facet-level personality measures and diagnostic interviews. Interviews were re-administered 18 months later.ResultsFirst onsets of depressive disorders were predicted by neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Facets predicting first onset of depression included depressivity (neuroticism facet) and lower positive emotionality and sociability (extraversion facets). First onsets of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were predicted by neuroticism, and particularly the facet of anxiousness. First onsets of social phobia were predicted at the facet level by anxiousness. First onsets of specific phobia were predicted by neuroticism, low conscientiousness, and all neuroticism facets. In multivariate analyses, first onsets of depression were uniquely predicted by depressivity, and onsets of GAD and social phobia were uniquely predicted by anxiousness over and above the general trait of neuroticism.ConclusionsGeneral traits predict first onsets of depressive and anxiety disorders. In addition, more specific associations are evident at the facet level. Facets can refine our understanding of the links between personality and psychopathology risk, and provide finer-grained targets for personality-informed interventions.

scholarly journals Prospective predictors of first-onset depressive disorders in adolescent females with anxiety disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estee M. Hausman ◽  
Roman Kotov ◽  
Greg Perlman ◽  
Greg Hajcak ◽  
Ellen M. Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
First Onset

scholarly journals Sex and Informant Effects on Diagnostic Comorbidity in an Adolescent Community Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Romano ◽  
Richard E Tremblay ◽  
Frank Vitaro ◽  
Mark Zoccolillo ◽  
Linda Pagani
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Informant Effects ◽  
Oppositional Disorder

Objective: To investigate sex and informant effects on comorbidity rates for anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct–oppositional disorder (CD–ODD) in an adolescent community sample. Method: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-2.25 (DISC-2.25) was administered to 1201 adolescents and their mothers. Results: The highest comorbidity risk found was between ADHD and CD–ODD, with odds ratios (ORs) of 17.6 for adolescent reports and 12.0 for mother reports. The second-highest comorbidity risk, with ORs of 13.2 for adolescent reports and 11.0 for mother reports, was between anxiety and depressive disorders. There was not much overlap between internalizing and externalizing disorders. Adolescent girls had higher rates of coexisting anxiety and depressive disorders, whereas adolescent boys had higher rates of coexisting ADHD and CD–ODD. There was partial support for the hypothesis that adolescent-reported comorbidity rates would exceed mother-reported rates. Conclusions: There is a greater cooccurrence of within-category, compared with between-category, disorders. Adolescent girls are more likely to have coexisting internalizing disorders, while adolescent boys are more likely to have coexisting externalizing disorders. Mothers tend to report more externalizing disorders (that is, ADHD), while adolescents generally report more internalizing disorders.

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic and disorder-specific models of intergenerational transmission of internalizing pathology

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Starr ◽  
C. C. Conway ◽  
C. L. Hammen ◽  
P. A. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Child Psychiatric

BackgroundNumerous studies have supported an association between maternal depression and child psychiatric outcomes, but few have controlled for the confounding effects of both maternal and offspring co-morbidity. Thus, it remains unclear whether the correspondence between maternal and offspring depressive and anxiety disorders is better explained by associations between shared features of maternal and offspring internalizing disorders or by specific effects exerted by unique aspects of individual disorders.MethodPairs of mothers and offspring overselected for maternal depression (n = 815) were assessed at offspring age 15 years for anxiety and depressive disorders; 705 completed a follow-up at offspring age 20 years. For both mothers and offspring, structural equation modeling was used to distinguish transdiagnostic internalizing pathology – representing the overlap among all depressive and anxiety disorders – from diagnosis-specific forms of pathology. To discriminate between general versus specific pathways of intergenerational transmission of psychopathology, we examined (a) the general association between the maternal and offspring internalizing factors and (b) the correlations between maternal and offspring diagnosis-specific pathology for each disorder.ResultsFor mothers and offspring, a unidimensional latent variable model provided the best fit to the correlations among depressive and anxiety disorders. The maternal transdiagnostic internalizing factor strongly predicted the corresponding factor among offspring. In addition, the unique component of post-traumatic stress disorder among offspring was significantly related to the analogous unique component among mothers, but specific components of other maternal disorders, including depression, did not predict corresponding offspring pathology.ConclusionsResults suggest that intergenerational transmission of internalizing disorders is largely non-specific.

scholarly journals Depressive episodes–evidence for a causal role of primary anxiety disorders?

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
Katja Beesdo ◽  
Antje Bittner ◽  
Renee D. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Course Of Depression

AbstractAnxiety and depressive disorders are common mental disorders in general population, imposing tremendous burden on both affected persons and society. Moreover, comorbidity between anxiety and depressive conditions is high, leading to substantial disability and functional impairment. Findings consistently suggest that anxiety disorders are primary to depression in the majority of comorbid cases. Yet, the question of whether anxiety disorders are risk factors for depression, and potentially even causal risk factors for the first onset of depression, remains unresolved. Recent results have shown that anxiety disorders increase the risk for subsequent depression, and also affect the course of depression, resulting in a poorer prognosis. Further, some results suggest a dose–response-relationship in revealing that a higher number of anxiety disorders and more severe impairment associated with anxiety disorders additionally increase the risk for subsequent depression. The goal of this paper is to review recent literature, summarize implications of previous findings, and suggest directions for future research regarding preventive and intervention strategies.

Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and internalizing disorders in offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1417-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Meier ◽  
K. J. Plessen ◽  
F. Verhulst ◽  
O. Mors ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

BackgroundMaternal smoking has consistently been associated with multiple adverse childhood outcomes including externalizing disorders. In contrast the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and internalizing (anxiety and depressive) disorders in offspring has received less investigation.MethodWe conducted a nationwide cohort study including 957635 individuals born in Denmark between 1991 and 2007. Data on MSDP and diagnoses of depression or anxiety disorders were derived from national registers and patients were followed up from the age of 5 years to the end of 2012. Hazard rate ratios (HRRs) were estimated using stratified Cox regression models. Sibling data were used to disentangle individual- and familial-level effects of MSDP and to control for unmeasured familial confounding.ResultsAt the population level, offspring exposed to MSDP were at increased risk for both severe depression [HRR 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.36] and severe anxiety disorders (HRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.20–1.32) even when controlling for maternal and paternal traits. However, there was no association between MSDP and internalizing disorders when controlling for the mother's propensity for MSDP (depression: HRR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94–1.30; anxiety disorders: HRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80–1.11) or comparing differentially exposed siblings (depression: HRR 1.18, 95% CI 0.75–1.89; anxiety disorders: HRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.55–1.36).ConclusionsThe results suggest that familial background factors account for the association between MSDP and severe internalizing disorders not the specific exposure to MSDP.

F86. Predictive Model of First-Onset Depressive Disorders in Adolescent Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. S245-S246
Author(s):  
Giorgia Michelini ◽  
Greg Perlman ◽  
Daniel Klein ◽  
Roman Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
First Onset

Adolescent Girls II Background Factors in Anxiety and Depressive States

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Monck ◽  
Philip Graham ◽  
Naomi Richman ◽  
Rebecca Dobbs
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Psychiatric State

BackgroundThis study investigated the prevalence and background variables associated with anxiety and depressive disorders occurring in a community population of older teenage girls.MethodGirls aged 15–20 years (n = 529) whose names were drawn from general practitioner age/sex registers completed self-report Great Ormond Street Mood Questionnaires. From this sample, 143 girls (69 with high self-report scores and 74 controls) were intensively interviewed. Information was obtained on confiding/supportive relationships, family arguments and rows, quality of marital relationship, and degree of parental control. Psychiatric state was assessed by use of the Clinical Interview Schedule to provide a Total Weighted Score. A modified form of the Bedford Life Events and Difficulties Schedule was applied.ResultsThe estimated one-year prevalence rate for psychiatric disorder was 18.9%, and 16.9% for depression and anxiety disorders. Using a logit analysis, it was shown that maternal distress (P < 0.02) and the quality of the mother's marriage (P < 0.02) were independently associated with the presence of depression and anxiety disorders.ConclusionsAbout 17% of girls in a community sample living at home showed a depression or anxiety disorder. Even in late adolescence, the presence of a mood disorder is closely linked to the quality of family relationships within the home.

Neurosurgery for obsessive-compulsive disorder, other anxiety disorders and depressive disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MB Christmas ◽  
Ian Crombie ◽  
Sam Eljamel ◽  
Naomi Fineberg ◽  
Bob MacVicar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Using the 11-item Version of the RCADS to Identify Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerica Radez ◽  
Polly Waite ◽  
Bruce Chorpita ◽  
Cathy Creswell ◽  
Faith Orchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Report ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify items from the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – RCADS-C/P that provided a brief, reliable and valid screen for anxiety and/or depressive disorders in adolescents. In addition, we examined whether adding items assessing suicidal ideation (Moods and Feelings Questionnaire – MFQ- C/P) and symptom impact and duration (items adapted from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – SDQ) improved the identification of adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. We compared two samples of adolescents and their parents – a community sample, recruited through secondary schools in England (n = 214) and a clinic-referred sample, who met diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorder and were recruited through a university-based research clinic (n = 246). Participants completed the RCADS-C/P with additional symptom impact and duration items, and the MFQ-C/P. Using ROC curve analyses, we identified a set of 11 RCADS-C/P items (6 addressing anxiety and 5 depression symptoms) for adolescent- and parent-report. This set of 11 symptom items achieved sensitivity/specificity values > .75, which were comparable to corresponding values for the RCADS-47-C/P. Combining adolescent and parent-report improved the identification of anxiety/depression in adolescents compared to using adolescent-report alone. Finally, adding two symptom impact items further improved the sensitivity/specificity of the 11 symptom items, whereas adding suicidal ideation items did not. The 11 RCADS items accurately discriminated between the community and clinic-referred sample with anxiety and/or depressive disorders and have the potential to quickly and accurately identify adolescents with these disorders in community settings.

Relationships between attention to emotion and anxiety among a community sample of adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Mullin ◽  
Jacob B. W. Holzman ◽  
Laura Pyle ◽  
Emmaly L. Perks ◽  
Yaswanth Chintaluru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Anxious Youth ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Abstract Background Attentional bias to threat has been implicated as a cognitive mechanism in anxiety disorders for youth. Yet, prior studies documenting this bias have largely relied on a method with questionable reliability (i.e. dot-probe task) and small samples, few of which included adolescents. The current study sought to address such limitations by examining relations between anxiety – both clinically diagnosed and dimensionally rated – and attentional bias to threat. Methods The study included a community sample of adolescents and employed eye-tracking methodology intended to capture possible biases across the full range of both automatic (i.e. vigilance bias) and controlled attentional processes (i.e. avoidance bias, maintenance bias). We examined both dimensional anxiety (across the full sample; n = 215) and categorical anxiety in a subset case-control analysis (n = 100) as predictors of biases. Results Findings indicated that participants with an anxiety disorder oriented more slowly to angry faces than matched controls. Results did not suggest a greater likelihood of initial orienting to angry faces among our participants with anxiety disorders or those with higher dimensional ratings of anxiety. Greater anxiety severity was associated with greater dwell time to neutral faces. Conclusions This is the largest study to date examining eye-tracking metrics of attention to threat among healthy and anxious youth. Findings did not support the notion that anxiety is characterized by heightened vigilance or avoidance/maintenance of attention to threat. All effects detected were extremely small. Links between attention to threat and anxiety among adolescents may be subtle and highly dependent on experimental task dimensions.

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