Variations in prevalence and risk profiles for Common Mental Disorders amongst Rohingya, Chin and Kachin refugees from Myanmar

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alvin Kuowei Tay ◽  
Mohammed Mohsin ◽  
Khat Mung Hau ◽  
Mohammad Badrudduza ◽  
Susheela Balasundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Ethnic Group Membership

Abstract Background Large variations in prevalence rates of common mental disorder (CMD) amongst refugees and forcibly displaced populations have raised questions about the accuracy and value of epidemiological surveys in these cross-cultural settings. We examined the associations of sociodemographic indices, premigration traumatic events (TEs), postmigration living difficulties (PMLDs), and psychosocial disruptions based on the Adaptive Stress Index (ASI) in relation to CMD prevalence amongst the Rohingya, Chin and Kachin refugees originating from Myanmar and relocated to Malaysia. Methods Parallel epidemiological studies were conducted in areas where the three groups were concentrated in and around Malaysia (response rates: 80–83%). Results TE exposure, PMLDs and ASI were significantly associated with CMD prevalence in each group but the Rohingya recorded the highest exposure to all three of these former indices relative to Chin and Kachin (TE: mean = 11.1 v. 8.2 v. 11; PMLD: mean = 13.5 v. 7.4 v. 8.7; ASI: mean = 128.9 v. 32.1 v. 35.5). Multiple logistic regression analyses based on the pooled sample (n = 2058) controlling for gender and age, found that ethnic group membership, premigration TEs (16 or more TEs: OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.39–2.88; p < 0.001), PMLDs (10–15 PMLDs: OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 3.17–5.54; 16 or more PMLDs: OR, 7.23; 95% CI, 5.24–9.98; p < 0.001) and ASI score (ASI score 100 or greater: OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.46–3.30; p < 0.001) contributed to CMD. Conclusions Factors specific to each ethnic group and differences in the quantum of exposure to TEs, PMLDs and psychosocial disruptions appeared to account in large part for differences in prevalence rates of CMDs observed across these three groups.

MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five: Influences of Ethnic Group Membership

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Sauvagnat ◽  
Jennifer M. Sanders ◽  
David V. Nelson ◽  
Stanley T. Kordinak ◽  
Marcus T. Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Personality Psychopathology Five ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Ethnic Group Membership

Ostracism and ethnic group membership

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Schaafsma ◽  
Kipling Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Ethnic Group Membership

scholarly journals Implementation of a care manager organisation and its association with antidepressant medication patterns: a register-based study of primary care centres in Sweden

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044959
Author(s):  
Christine Sandheimer ◽  
Cecilia Björkelund ◽  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Kirsten Mehlig ◽  
Tove Hedenrud
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Care Manager ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mental Disorder Diagnosis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation of a care manager organisation for common mental disorders and its association with antidepressant medication patterns on primary care centre (PCC) level, compared with PCCs without this organisation. Moreover, to determine whether a care manager organisation is associated with antidepressant medication patterns that is more in accordance with treatment guidelines.DesignRegister-based study on PCC level.SettingPrimary care in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.ParticipantsAll PCCs in the region. PCCs were analysed in three subgroups: PCCs with a care manager organisation during 2015 and 2016 (n=68), PCCs without the organisation (n=92) and PCCs that shifted to a care manager organisation during 2016 (n=42).Outcome measuresProportion of inadequate medication users, defined as number of patients >18 years with a common mental disorder diagnosis receiving care at a PCC in the region during the study period and dispensed 1–179 defined daily doses (DDD) of antidepressants of total patients with at least 1 DDD. The outcome was analysed through generalised linear regression and a linear mixed-effects model.ResultsOverall, all PCCs had about 30%–34% of inadequate medication users. PCCs with a care manager organisation had significantly lower proportion of inadequate medication users in 2016 compared with PCCs without (−6.4%, p=0.02). These differences were explained by higher proportions in privately run PCCs. PCCs that shifted to a care manager organisation had a significant decrease in inadequate medication users over time (p=0.01).ConclusionsPublic PCCs had a more consistent antidepressant medication pattern compared with private PCCs that gained more by introducing a care manager organisation. It was possible to document a significant decrease in inadequate medication users, notwithstanding that PCCs in the region followed the guidelines to a comparatively high extent regardless of present care manager organisation.

Anxiety and depression after cancer diagnosis: Prevalence rates by cancer type, gender, and age

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Linden ◽  
Andrea Vodermaier ◽  
Regina MacKenzie ◽  
Duncan Greig
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
After Cancer

scholarly journals Preconception prediction of expectant fathers' mental health: 20-year cohort study from adolescence

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Spry ◽  
Rebecca Giallo ◽  
Margarita Moreno-Betancur ◽  
Jacqui Macdonald ◽  
Denise Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectant Fathers

We examined prospective associations between men's common mental disorders in the decades prior to offspring conception and subsequent paternal antenatal mental health problems. Data came from a prospective intergenerational cohort study which assessed common mental disorder nine times from age 14 to 29 years, and in the third trimester of subsequent pregnancies to age 35 years (N = 295 pregnancies to 214 men). Men with histories of adolescent and young adult common mental disorders were over four times more likely to experience antenatal mental health problems. Future research identifying modifiable perinatal factors that counteract preconception risk would provide further targets for intervention.Declaration of interestNone.

Abstract WP199: Higher Stroke Prevalence Rates among Ribeirinhos Compared to Townsmen in the Brazilian Amazon.

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiotrefis G Fernandes ◽  
Isabela M Bensenor ◽  
Paulo A Lotufo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Family Health Program ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
The Family

There is a lack of epidemiological studies addressing cerebrovascular diseases in remote places as the Amazon river basin. We aimed to calculate the stroke prevalence rates among "ribeirinhos", rural inhabitants who living in riverbanks fishing and extracting fruit and nuts, in the rainforest comparing to townsmen in the same municipality. Methods: From May to October 2011, 6216 residents aged over 35 years in the of Coari, a municipality that is coverage by the Family Health Program with of 76 000 inhabitants, 35% of them are "ribeirinhos”. We trained all community health workers to carry out a door-to-door application of the “Stroke Symptom Questionnaire” for people over 35 years-old. This tool was applied first for the family for stroke screening and further for the index stroke case, including questions about six key functional impairment. It was previously translated to Portuguese and validated by a neurologist. Results: From a total of of 4897 respondents of urban area and 1028 "ribeirinhos", we calculated crude prevalence of stroke of 6.3% (95% CI; 5.0-7.7) among the "ribeirinhos" and of 3.7% (95% CI; 3.3-4.1) among townsmen. This difference was maintained after sex-age-adjustment. The female:male prevalence ratio was 1.37 (95% CI; 1.02-1.85) in urban area and the rural area of 0.93 (95% CI; 0.57-1.52). Among stroke suffers, the "ribeirinhos" were those with less access to medical care (32.1% vs. 52.5%, p=0.01) and a lower proportion of stroke survivors requiring help with least 1 activity of daily living (16.9% vs. 39.3%, p=0.001) in comparison to townsmen. Conclusion: To our knowledge it was the first study that provided a population-based stroke survey in the Amazon rainforest revealing a higher stroke prevalence among "ribeirinhos" compared to townsmen of the same municipality.

scholarly journals Associations between common mental disorders and the Mental Illness Needs Index in community settings

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Fone ◽  
Frank Dunstan ◽  
Ann John ◽  
Keith Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Community Settings

BackgroundThe relationship between the Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI) and the common mental disorders is not known.AimsTo investigate associations between the small-area MINI score and common mental disorder at individual level.MethodMental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory of the Short Form 36 instrument (SF-36). Data from the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs population survey were analysed in multilevel models of 10 653 individuals aged 18–74 years nested within the 2001 UK census geographies of 110 lower super output areas and 33 wards.ResultsThe MINI score was significantly associated with common mental disorder after adjusting for individual risk factors. This association was stronger at the smaller spatial scale of the lower super output area and for individuals who were permanently sick or disabled.ConclusionsThe MINI is potentially useful for small-area needs assessment and service planning for common mental disorder in community settings.

scholarly journals Minority status and mental distress: a comparison of group density effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (14) ◽  
pp. 3051-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schofield ◽  
J. Das-Munshi ◽  
L. Bécares ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
V. Bhavsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Occupational Social Class

BackgroundIt has been observed that mental disorders, such as psychosis, are more common for people in some ethnic groups in areas where their ethnic group is less common. We set out to test whether this ethnic density effect reflects minority status in general, by looking at three situations where individual characteristics differ from what is usual in a locality.MethodUsing data from the South East London Community Health study (n = 1698) we investigated associations between minority status (defined by: ethnicity, household status and occupational social class) and risk of psychotic experiences, common mental disorders and parasuicide. We used a multilevel logistic model to examine cross-level interactions between minority status at individual and neighbourhood levels.ResultsBeing Black in an area where this was less common (10%) was associated with higher odds of psychotic experiences [odds ratio (OR) 1.34 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.67], and attempted suicide (OR 1.84 95% CI 1.19–2.85). Living alone where this was less usual (10% less) was associated with increased odds of psychotic experiences (OR 2.18 95% CI 0.91–5.26), while being in a disadvantaged social class where this was less usual (10% less) was associated with increased odds of attempted suicide (OR 1.33 95% CI 1.03–1.71). We found no evidence for an association with common mental disorders.ConclusionsThe relationship between minority status and mental distress was most apparent when defined in terms of broad ethnic group but was also observed for individual household status and occupational social class.

scholarly journals Paid employment and common mental disorders in 50–64-year olds: analysis of three cross-sectional nationally representative survey samples in 1993, 2000 and 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
G. Perera ◽  
G. Di Gessa ◽  
L. M. Corna ◽  
K. Glaser ◽  
R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Over Time

Aims.Associations between employment status and mental health are well recognised, but evidence is sparse on the relationship between paid employment and mental health in the years running up to statutory retirement ages using robust mental health measures. In addition, there has been no investigation into the stability over time in this relationship: an important consideration if survey findings are used to inform future policy. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between employment status and common mental disorder (CMD) in 50–64-year old residents in England and its stability over time, taking advantage of three national mental health surveys carried out over a 14-year period.Methods.Data were analysed from the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000 and 2007. Paid employment status was the primary exposure of interest and CMD the primary outcome – both ascertained identically in all three surveys (CMD from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule). Multivariable logistic regression models were used.Results.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment across all survey years; however, this association was only present for non-employment related to poor health as an outcome and was not apparent in those citing other reasons for non-employment. Odds ratios for the association between non-employment due to ill health and CMD were 3.05 in 1993, 3.56 in 2000, and 2.80 in 2007, after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, education, social class, housing tenure, financial difficulties, smoking status, recent physical health consultation and activities of daily living impairment.Conclusions.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment for health reasons, but was not associated with non-employment for other reasons. Associations had been relatively stable in strength from 1993 to 2007 in those three cross-sectional nationally representative samples.

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