scholarly journals Migration history and risk of psychosis: results from the multinational EU-GEI study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ilaria Tarricone ◽  
Giuseppe D'Andrea ◽  
Hannah E. Jongsma ◽  
Sarah Tosato ◽  
Charlotte Gayer-Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Abstract Background Psychosis rates are higher among some migrant groups. We hypothesized that psychosis in migrants is associated with cumulative social disadvantage during different phases of migration. Methods We used data from the EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) case–control study. We defined a set of three indicators of social disadvantage for each phase: pre-migration, migration and post-migration. We examined whether social disadvantage in the pre- and post-migration phases, migration adversities, and mismatch between achievements and expectations differed between first-generation migrants with first-episode psychosis and healthy first-generation migrants, and tested whether this accounted for differences in odds of psychosis in multivariable logistic regression models. Results In total, 249 cases and 219 controls were assessed. Pre-migration (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06–2.44, p = 0.027) and post-migration social disadvantages (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02–3.51, p = 0.044), along with expectations/achievements mismatch (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26, p = 0.014) were all significantly associated with psychosis. Migration adversities (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.672–2.06, p = 0.568) were not significantly related to the outcome. Finally, we found a dose–response effect between the number of adversities across all phases and odds of psychosis (⩾6: OR 14.09, 95% CI 2.06–96.47, p = 0.007). Conclusions The cumulative effect of social disadvantages before, during and after migration was associated with increased odds of psychosis in migrants, independently of ethnicity or length of stay in the country of arrival. Public health initiatives that address the social disadvantages that many migrants face during the whole migration process and post-migration psychological support may reduce the excess of psychosis in migrants.

scholarly journals Further evidence of a cumulative effect of social disadvantage on risk of psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Stilo ◽  
C. Gayer-Anderson ◽  
S. Beards ◽  
K. Hubbard ◽  
A. Onyejiaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Contact

BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that indicators of social disadvantage are associated with an increased risk of psychosis. However, only a few studies have specifically looked at cumulative effects and long-term associations. The aims of this study are: To compare the prevalence of specific indicators of social disadvantage at, and prior to, first contact with psychiatric services in patients suffering their first episode of psychosis and in a control sample. To explore long-term associations, cumulative effects, and direction of effects.MethodWe collected information on social disadvantage from 332 patients and from 301 controls recruited from the local population in South London. Three indicators of social disadvantage in childhood and six indicators of social disadvantage in adulthood were analysed.ResultsAcross all the domains considered, cases were more likely to report social disadvantage than were controls. Compared with controls, cases were approximately two times more likely to have had a parent die and approximately three times more likely to have experienced a long-term separation from one parent before the age of 17 years. Cases were also more likely than controls to report two or more indicators of adult social disadvantage, not only at first contact with psychiatric services [odds ratio (OR) 9.5], but also at onset of psychosis (OR 8.5), 1 year pre-onset (OR 4.5), and 5 years pre-onset (OR 2.9).ConclusionsGreater numbers of indicators of current and long-term exposure are associated with progressively greater odds of psychosis. There is some evidence that social disadvantage tends to cluster and accumulate.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Migrant Populations: Should we look Even Further Back?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gionata Fiorino ◽  
Maria Manuela Estevinho ◽  
Diogo José M. Lopes ◽  
Filippo Chersi ◽  
Mariangela Allocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Age At Migration ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise worldwide. Despite the advances on pharmacotherapy, the etiopathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) remains underexplained. The migratory waves are a challenging setting to analyze the evolution of IBD prevalence and to infer its triggering factors. Objective: Our study aimed to overview the literature regarding IBD prevalence and phenotype in first- and second-generation migrants Also, we aimed to summarize the migration history and to draw a possible correlation with IBD distribution. Methods: A non-systematic review was performed following electronic (PubMed and Web of Science) and manual searches on relevant topics. Results: Overall, first-generation migrants tend to maintain the IBD risk of the native country. On the following generation, the risk tends to converge to that of the destination country. Earlier age at migration modulates IBD risk, suggesting that the degree of exposure to environmental and socio-economic factors can be decisive for disease progression. In general, CD needs more time to reach a disease burden similar to that of the host country, indicating that UC may be more affected by nongenetic factors and genetic-nongenetic interactions. Conclusion: IBD phenotypes and natural history vary in migrants and according to ethnicity; however, the trends are not consensual among cohorts. Further studies are warranted to analyze the effect of genetic background and environmental risk factors in different ethnic groups, providing evidence to move towards the identification of at-risk individuals, prevention and earlier diagnosis of IBD.

scholarly journals Risk of psychotic disorders in migrants to Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Brian O'Donoghue ◽  
Linglee Downey ◽  
Scott Eaton ◽  
Nathan Mifsud ◽  
James B. Kirkbride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Generation Migrants

Abstract Background Certain migrant groups are at an increased risk of psychotic disorders compared to the native-born population; however, research to date has mainly been conducted in Europe. Less is known about whether migrants to other countries, with different histories and patterns of migration, such as Australia, are at an increased risk for developing a psychotic disorder. We tested this for first-generation migrants in Melbourne, Victoria. Methods This study included all young people aged 15–24 years, residing in a geographically-defined catchment area of north western Melbourne who presented with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) to the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. Data pertaining to the at-risk population were obtained from the Australian 2011 Census and incidence rate ratios were calculated and adjusted for age, sex and social deprivation. Results In total, 1220 young people presented with an FEP during the 6-year study period, of whom 24.5% were first-generation migrants. We found an increased risk for developing psychotic disorder in migrants from the following regions: Central and West Africa (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 3.53, 95% CI 1.58–7.92), Southern and Eastern Africa (aIRR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.99–4.70) and North Africa (aIRR = 5.03, 95% CI 3.26–7.76). Migrants from maritime South East Asia (aIRR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.23–0.65), China (aIRR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.13–0.48) and Southern Asia (aIRR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.76) had a decreased risk for developing a psychotic disorder. Conclusion This clear health inequality needs to be addressed by sufficient funding and accessible mental health services for more vulnerable groups. Further research is needed to determine why migrants have an increased risk for developing psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of migrants to Ireland presenting with a first episode of psychosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. O’Donoghue ◽  
S. Sexton ◽  
J. P. Lyne ◽  
E. Roche ◽  
N. Mifsud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Migrant Group ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Generation Migrants

Objectives: When presenting with a first episode of psychosis (FEP), migrants can have different demographic and clinical characteristics to the native-born population and this was examined in an Irish Early Intervention for Psychosis service. Methods: All cases of treated FEP from three local mental health services within a defined catchment area were included. Psychotic disorder diagnoses were determined using the SCID and symptom and functioning domains were measured using validated and reliable measures. Results: From a cohort of 612 people, 21.1% were first-generation migrants and there was no difference in the demographic characteristics, diagnoses, symptoms or functioning between migrants and those born in the Republic of Ireland, except that migrants from Africa presented with less insight. Of those admitted, 48.6% of admissions for migrants were involuntary compared to 37.7% for the native-born population (p = 0.09). Conclusions: First-generation migrants now make up a significant proportion of people presenting with a FEP to an Irish EI for psychosis service. Broadly the demographic and clinical characteristics of migrants and those born in the Republic of Ireland are similar, except for less insight in migrants from Africa and a trend for a higher proportion of involuntary admissions in the total migrant group.

Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Anita Pugliese ◽  
Julie Ray ◽  
Neli Esipova
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

Daily urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Chinese first-generation migrants in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Amedeo Modesti ◽  
Ilaria Marzotti ◽  
Stefano Rapi ◽  
Angela Rogolino ◽  
Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

scholarly journals Sex ratios at birth among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective population-based cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susitha Wanigaratne ◽  
Pamela Uppal ◽  
Manvir Bhangoo ◽  
Alia Januwalla ◽  
Deepa Singal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
South Asian Ethnicity ◽  
First Generation Migrants

BackgroundSon-biased sex ratios at birth (M:F), an extreme manifestation of son preference, are predominately found in East and South Asia. Studies have examined sex ratios among first-generation migrants from these regions, but few have examined second-generation descendants. Our objective was to determine whether son-biased sex ratios persist among second-generation mothers with South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada.MethodologyA surname algorithm identified a population-based cohort of mothers with South Asian ethnicity who gave birth in Ontario between 1993 and 2014 (n=59 659). Linking to official immigration data identified births to first-generation mothers (ie, immigrants). Births not to immigrants were designated as being to second-generation mothers (ie, born in Canada) (n=10 273). Sex ratios and 95% CI were stratified by the sex of previous live births and by whether it was preceded by ≥1 abortion for both first-generation and second-generation mothers.ResultsAmong mothers with two previous daughters and at least one prior abortion since the second birth, both second-generation mothers and first-generation mothers had elevated sex ratios at the third birth (2.80 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.76) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.93 to 3.12), respectively). However, among mothers with no prior abortion, second-generation mothers had a normal sex ratio, while first-generation mothers gave birth to 142 boys for every 100 girls (95% CI 125 to 162 boys for every 100 girls).ConclusionSon preference persists among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity. Culturally sensitive and community-driven gender equity interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism related genes and risk of multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Claire Simon ◽  
Kassandra L Munger ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Alberto Ascherio
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The extent to which potential genetic determinants of vitamin D levels may be related to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk has not been thoroughly explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1 and DBP are associated with the risk of MS and whether these variants may modify associations between environmental or dietary vitamin D on MS risk. A nested case-control study was conducted in two, large cohorts of US nurses, including 214 MS cases and 428 age-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to assess the significance of gene—environment interactions. No associations were observed for any of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1 or DBP (p > 0.05 for all). The authors did observe an interaction (p = 0.04) between dietary intake of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism on MS risk. The protective effect of increasing vitamin D was evident only in individuals with the ‘ff ’ genotype (RR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.78; p = 0.02 for 400 IU/day increase). It was concluded that this does not support a role for the selected SNPs involved in vitamin D metabolism in the etiology of MS. The finding of a marginally significant gene—environment interaction requires replication in larger datasets, but suggests future genetic studies may benefit from considering relevant environmental context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document