scholarly journals Headache in ADHD as comorbidity and a side effect of medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pei-Yin Pan ◽  
Ulf Jonsson ◽  
Sabriye Selin Şahpazoğlu Çakmak ◽  
Alexander Häge ◽  
Sarah Hohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Adhd Medications

Abstract There is mixed evidence on the association between headache and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as headache and ADHD medications. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the co-occurrence of headache in children with ADHD, and the effects of ADHD medications on headache. Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were searched for population-based and clinical studies comparing the prevalence of headache in ADHD and controls through January 26, 2021. In addition, we updated the search of a previous systematic review and network meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ADHD medications on June 16, 2020. Trials of amphetamines, atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, and modafinil with a placebo arm and reporting data on headache as an adverse event, were included. Thirteen epidemiological studies and 58 clinical trials were eligible for inclusion. In epidemiological studies, a significant association between headache and ADHD was found [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.63–2.46], which remained significant when limited to studies reporting ORs adjusted for possible confounders. The pooled prevalence of headaches in children with ADHD was 26.6%. In RCTs, three ADHD medications were associated with increased headache during treatment periods, compared to placebo: atomoxetine (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06–1.56), guanfacine (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.12–1.82), and methylphenidate (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09–1.63). The summarized evidence suggests that headache is common in children with ADHD, both as part of the clinical presentation as such and as a side effect of some standard medications. Monitoring and clinical management strategies of headache in ADHD, in general, and during pharmacological treatment are recommended.

scholarly journals More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lopez-Leon ◽  
Talia Wegman-Ostrosky ◽  
Carol Perelman ◽  
Rosalinda Sepulveda ◽  
Paulina A. Rebolledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Attention Disorder ◽  
Initial Recovery ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractCOVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19. LitCOVID and Embase were searched to identify articles with original data published before the 1st of January 2021, with a minimum of 100 patients. For effects reported in two or more studies, meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% CI. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 18,251 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of 55 long-term effects was estimated, 21 meta-analyses were performed, and 47,910 patients were included (age 17–87 years). The included studies defined long-COVID as ranging from 14 to 110 days post-viral infection. It was estimated that 80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 developed one or more long-term symptoms. The five most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attention disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%). Multi-disciplinary teams are crucial to developing preventive measures, rehabilitation techniques, and clinical management strategies with whole-patient perspectives designed to address long COVID-19 care.

Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110450
Author(s):  
Xian Liu ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Caihong Sun ◽  
Mingyang Zou ◽  
Yiru Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

The literature from inception to 2020 on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was systematically reviewed and further explored by subgroup analyses and meta-regression models. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020179725). A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included. The updated pooled prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was 10% (95% CI: 6–14). The respective prevalence estimate of epilepsy was 19% (95% CI: 6–35) in the clinical sample-based cross-sectional study, 7% (95% CI: 3–11) in the cohort study, and 9% (95% CI: 5–15) in the population-based cross-sectional study. The pooled prevalence of epilepsy was 7% (95% CI: 4–11) in autistic children and 19% (95% CI: 14–24) in autistic adults. Compared to the school-aged group, the adolescence group (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.25) and the pre-school group (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.19) were positively associated with the prevalence of epilepsy. The moderators of age, human development index of the country, gender, and intellectual function accounted for most of the heterogeneity. The prevalence estimates were associated with age, female gender, intellectual disability rate, and the human development index of countries. About 1/10 autistic individuals co-occurred with epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability, and less common in the country with high human development index. Lay abstract Autistic individuals experience higher co-occurring medical conditions than the general population, and yet the estimates of autistic individuals with epilepsy are not updated. Co-occurrence of epilepsy in autistic individuals often aggravated cognitive impairment and increased the risk of poor long-term prognosis. Thus, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to study the relevant articles published from inception to 2020, evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals, and further explore the putative factors influencing the prevalence. A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included in this study. The results showed that epilepsy is more common in autistic individuals than in the general population. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals in the clinical sample-based studies was higher than that in the population-based based cross-sectional or cohort studies. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic adults was higher than that in autistic children. A significantly increased prevalence of epilepsy was detected in the autistic adolescent group (11–17 years old), and a higher trend of prevalence of epilepsy was observed in the autistic pre-school group (⩽ 6 -years-old) than that of the autistic school-aged group (7–10 years-old). The prevalence of epilepsy increased with age, female rate, and low intellectual function rate of autistic individuals. However, the human development index of countries was negatively associated with the pooled prevalence, which could be attributed to the different levels of awareness, diagnostic technologies, and autism-service support worldwide. About 1/10 autistic individuals also had epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability and less common in the country with high human development index. Thus, these findings provided critical and innovative views on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals and contributed to the targeted clinical management and preventive measures.

Prevalence of bipolar disorder in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. ebmental-2020-300207
Author(s):  
Boney Joseph ◽  
Aiswarya L Nandakumar ◽  
Ahmed T Ahmed ◽  
Neethu Gopal ◽  
M Hassan Murad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Some studies suggest increased prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) in MS.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of BD in adults with MS.MethodsWe registered this review with PROSPERO and searched electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Central, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus) for eligible studies from earliest inception to October 2020. Prevalence data of BD in adult patients with MS were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model.FindingsOf the 802 articles that were screened, 23 studies enrolling a total of 68 796 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rate of BD in patients with MS was 2.95% (95% CI 2.12% to 4.09%) with higher prevalence in the Americas versus Europe. The lifetime prevalence of BD was 8.4% in patients with MS. Subgroup analysis showed a higher prevalence of BD in MS in females (7.03%) than in males (5.64%), which did not reach statistical significance (p=0.53).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests a high lifetime prevalence of BD in patients with MS. Patients with MS should be routinely screened for BD. Further assessment of bipolar comorbidity in MS through prospective studies may help in developing effective management strategies and may improve treatment outcomes in patients with MS.

scholarly journals Association between eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes in population-based studies: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ascott ◽  
Ashley M Yu ◽  
Morten Schmidt ◽  
Katrina Abuabara ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionChronic inflammatory diseases such as eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis) have been inconsistently linked to cardiovascular disease and stroke in both mechanistic and epidemiological studies. There is a need to review the existing epidemiological data examining the association between eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes, including angina, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke and cardiovascular death, in order to improve our understanding of the comorbidities of eczema.Methods and analysisWe will systematically review population-based studies, including cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies, reporting on the association between eczema and cardiovascular outcomes. We will search Medline, Embase and Global Health, from their date of inception to April 2017, using a comprehensive search strategy formulated with the help of a librarian. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts in duplicate, followed by independent data extraction and quality assessment. We will group studies by the cardiovascular outcome under study and synthesise them narratively. If sufficient numbers of homogeneous studies are returned, we will perform meta-analyses to obtain pooled effect estimates. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis will be used to inform the reporting of this study.Trial registration numberCRD42017060359.

Oral Health of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 947-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne C. Y. Chau ◽  
Si-Min Peng ◽  
Colman P. J. McGrath ◽  
Cynthia K. Y. Yiu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
Dental Injuries

Objective: This systematic review investigated the oral health of children with ADHD. Method: A structured search strategy was performed on five electronic databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, COCHRANE, PubMed, and PsychInfo. Studies were included in the review if they reported clinical oral health outcomes on a population diagnosed with ADHD under the age of 18 years old. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on pooled prevalence and mean/median values for caries, trauma, periodontal problems, and tooth wear. Results: Twenty-seven effective articles were reviewed by two calibrated assessors. Meta-analysis of the results found higher mean number of decayed surfaces, plaque index, and trauma prevalence among children with ADHD. Conclusion: Children with ADHD show increased risk for caries and traumatic dental injuries, and may have poorer oral hygiene compared with children without ADHD. More awareness among clinicians would promote better caries- and trauma-preventive advice and management.

scholarly journals More Than 50 Long-Term Effects of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lopez-Leon ◽  
Talia Wegman-Ostrosky ◽  
Carol Perelman ◽  
Rosalinda Sepulveda ◽  
Paulina Rebolledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Attention Disorder ◽  
Initial Recovery ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can involve sequelae and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery, which has come to be called Long-COVID or COVID long-haulers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing long-term effects of COVID-19 and estimates the prevalence of each symptom, sign, or laboratory parameter of patients at a post-COVID-19 stage. Methods. LitCOVID (PubMed and Medline) and Embase were searched by two independent researchers. All articles with original data for detecting long-term COVID-19 published before 1st of January 2021 and with a minimum of 100 patients were included. For effects reported in two or more studies, meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewers and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, although the study protocol was not registered. Results. A total of 18,251 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of 55 long-term effects was estimated, 21 meta-analyses were performed, and 47,910 patients were included. The follow-up time ranged from 14 to 110 days post-viral infection. The age of the study participants ranged between 17 and 87 years. It was estimated that 80% (95% CI 65-92) of the patients that were infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed one or more long-term symptoms. The five most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attention disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%). All meta-analyses showed medium (n=2) to high heterogeneity (n=13). Conclusions. In order to have a better understanding, future studies need to stratify by sex, age, previous comorbidities, the severity of COVID-19 (ranging from asymptomatic to severe), and duration of each symptom. From the clinical perspective, multi-disciplinary teams are crucial to developing preventive measures, rehabilitation techniques, and clinical management strategies with whole-patient perspectives designed to address long COVID-19 care.

scholarly journals A systematic review of population-based studies on lipid profiles in Latin America and the Caribbean

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco ◽  
C Joel Benites-Moya ◽  
Cecilia Anza-Ramirez ◽  
Leonardo Albitres-Flores ◽  
Diana Sánchez-Velazco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
The Caribbean

We aimed to study time trends and levels of mean total cholesterol and lipid fractions, and dyslipidaemias prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Systematic-review and meta-analysis of population-based studies in which lipid (total cholesterol [TC; 86 studies; 168,553 people], HDL-Cholesterol [HDL-C; 84 studies; 121,282 people], LDL-Cholesterol [LDL-C; 61 studies; 86,854 people], and triglycerides [TG; 84 studies; 121,009 people]) levels and prevalences were laboratory-based. We used Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Medline and Global Health; studies were from 1964 to 2016. Pooled means and prevalences were estimated for lipid biomarkers from ≥2005. The pooled means (mg/dl) were 193 for TC, 120 for LDL-C, 47 for HDL-C, and 139 for TG; no strong trends. The pooled prevalence estimates were 21% for high TC, 20% for high LDL-C, 48% for low HDL-C, and 21% for high TG; no strong trends. These results may help strengthen programs for dyslipidaemias prevention/management in LAC.

Meta‐analysis and systematic review of population‐based epidemiological studies in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McCluskey ◽  
R. Doherty‐Allan ◽  
P. McCarron ◽  
A. M. Loftus ◽  
L. V. McCarron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Dry Eye Symptom in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-ning Liu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yi-zhou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Western China ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Purpose. To evaluate the pooled prevalence rate and risk factors of dry eye symptoms (DES) in mainland China.Methods. All the published population-based studies investigating the prevalence of DES in China were searched and evaluated against inclusion criteria. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed.Results. Twelve out of the 119 identified studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of DES in China was 17.0%. Female individuals, subjects living in the Northern and Western China, and over 60 years of age had significantly higher prevalent rates (21.6%, 17.9%, 31.3%, and 34.4%, resp.) compared with their counterparts. Patients with diabetes were also found to be more vulnerable to DES.Conclusions. The pooled prevalence rate of DES in mainland China was lower than that in other Asian regions and countries. A remarkable discrepancy in the prevalence in different geographic regions was noted. Aging, female gender, and diabetes were found to be risk factors for DES in China.

scholarly journals POS0246 THE WORLDWIDE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF ANCA VASCULITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 344.1-345
Author(s):  
R. Redondo Rodriguez ◽  
N. Mena-Vázquez ◽  
A. M. Cabezas-Lucena ◽  
F. Godoy-Navarrete ◽  
M. Morales-Águila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Anca Vasculitis ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Incident Cases

Objectives:To evaluate the worldwide incidence and prevalence of ANCA vasculitis through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE search engines was carried out for studies that analyzed the incidence and prevalence of ANCA vasculitis in different geographical areas. Inclusion criteria: patients diagnosed with ANCA vasculitis according to ACR criteria/ Chapel Hill Consensus and adult patients (> 16 years). All ANCA vasculitis (microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) were considered. Exclusion criteria: editorials, conference abstracts, case or cases series reports and narrative reviews; insufficient description of the methods; lack of data to compute incidence or prevalence; and duplicate studies.Variables: Main variable: the pooled prevalence measured by the number of prevalent cases per million / person-year (95% CI) and the pooled incidence measured as the number of incident cases per million / person-year (95% CI). Secondary variables: the prevalence and incidence of each vasculitis ANCA and according geographic area. A meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate the pooled incidence and the pooled prevalence per million / person-years. The 95% CI and I2 for heterogeneity were calculated.Results:Twenty four studies were included. The pooled incidence (95% CI) was 12.2 per million / person-year (8.4-16.5) and the pooled prevalence (95% CI) was 130 per million / person-year (67.5-213). The individual incidence for each vasculitis was: GPA (6.7), MPA (5.9) and EGPA (1.6). The individual prevalence for each vasculitis was: GPA (69.3), MPA (21.9) and EGPA (13.5).In the analysis by continents, the pooled incidence for GPA vasculitis was higher in Europe (7.5), while the pooled incidence for MPA vasculitis was higher in America (6.9) and for EGPA vasculitis it was higher in Asia (1.8). The pooled prevalence for GPA and MPA vasculitis was higher in Europe (83.9,24.4 respectively) than in America (14.2, 12.8 respectively).Conclusion:The pooled incidence and the pooled prevalence are higher in the case of GPA vasculitis compared to the rest of ANCA vasculitis. In general there is a predominance of incidence and prevalence of all ANCA vasculitis in the northern hemisphere compared to the south.Figure 1.The pooled incidence ANCA vasculitis.Figure 2.The pooled prevalence ANCA vasculitisDisclosure of Interests:None declared

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document