scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Earthquakes

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Berger ◽  
Thomas S Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Santa Ana River

Within the United States, the State of California ranks first in recorded earthquake frequencies. Annually, thousands of shocks are registered on seismometers and many hundreds are actually noticed directly by Californians. In modern times, about one quake per year, destructive to property, has occurred, yet the very large and disastrous events approaching magnitude 8 and higher on the Richter scale are spaced a few decades apart: 1857 in Southern California centered on Tejon Pass, 1872 in the Owens Valley, and 1906 in San Francisco. Unfortunately, the historical record for earthquakes is short in California when compared with accounts for Europe or China, both of which list quakes over a time period of some 2000 to 3000 years. In California, the first historically noted event dates to barely 200 years ago, when in 1769, members of an expedition of the Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portola were knocked to the ground along the Santa Ana River during a large earthquake.

scholarly journals The Forensic Engineering in an Earthquake Scenario What We Can Expect When The Big One Hits

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Forensic Engineering

Many of you may not feel concerned regarding earthquake damage, and what may occur when the expected large earthquake of the magnitude which hit San Francisco in 1906 reoccurs. The experts tell us it is not a question of if, but when. And the when could be in the next decade or two. That is not just a California problem. Be aware that there are 39 states in the United States which may be subject to substantial earthquake damage. The largest earthquake ever in the United States was along the New Madrid fault in southeast Missouri. That occurred about 1812, and was estimated to be 8.3 to 8.7 on the Richter scale. Of course, there were no scales then, or many people there at the time. It did, however, rearrange the Mississippi River. If such an earthquake hit at this point today, Memphis and St. Louis would be leveled. There is also another known fault near Charleston, South Carolina. Boston has been hit by earthquakes. The upper tier of states near the St. Lawrence River is

The Public's Role in Seismic Design Provisions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Davis ◽  
Keith Porter
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Civil Engineers

Seismic design provisions in the United States reflect structural engineers’ experience, technical capabilities, and judgment of what is in the public's interest. Yet the American Society of Civil Engineers’ (ASCE) Code of Ethics implicitly requires civil engineers to make a reasonable effort to elicit and reflect the preferences of the public, whose lives and livelihoods are at stake, when setting performance objectives. The public seems capable of expressing its preferences clearly, as suggested by the San Francisco Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety and the residential code enhancement adopted by Moore, Oklahoma. And at least one public opinion survey suggests that people in earthquake country prefer better performance than the code intends for new buildings, namely, that buildings should largely remain functional or habitable after a large earthquake. The public also seems willing to pay more for new buildings that meet its expectations.

Craft Beer's Unlikely Alchemist

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Theresa McCulla
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intellectual Curiosity ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
History Of

In 1965, Frederick (Fritz) Maytag III began a decades-long revitalization of Anchor Brewing Company in San Francisco, California. This was an unexpected venture from an unlikely brewer; for generations, Maytag's family had run the Maytag Washing Machine Company in Iowa and he had no training in brewing. Yet Maytag's career at Anchor initiated a phenomenal wave of growth in the American brewing industry that came to be known as the microbrewing—now “craft beer”—revolution. To understand Maytag's path, this article draws on original oral histories and artifacts that Maytag donated to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History via the American Brewing History Initiative, a project to document the history of brewing in the United States. The objects and reflections that Maytag shared with the museum revealed a surprising link between the birth of microbrewing and the strategies and culture of mass manufacturing. Even if the hallmarks of microbrewing—a small-scale, artisan approach to making beer—began as a backlash against the mass-produced system of large breweries, they relied on Maytag's early, intimate connections to the assembly-line world of the Maytag Company and the alchemy of intellectual curiosity, socioeconomic privilege, and risk tolerance with which his history equipped him.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

A Database for Counterfeit Electronics and Automatic Defect Detection Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Asadizanjani ◽  
Sachin Gattigowda ◽  
Mark Tehranipoor ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
Nathan Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Web Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physical Defects

Abstract Counterfeiting is an increasing concern for businesses and governments as greater numbers of counterfeit integrated circuits (IC) infiltrate the global market. There is an ongoing effort in experimental and national labs inside the United States to detect and prevent such counterfeits in the most efficient time period. However, there is still a missing piece to automatically detect and properly keep record of detected counterfeit ICs. Here, we introduce a web application database that allows users to share previous examples of counterfeits through an online database and to obtain statistics regarding the prevalence of known defects. We also investigate automated techniques based on image processing and machine learning to detect different physical defects and to determine whether or not an IC is counterfeit.

THE USE OF HISTORICAL DATA IN ACCOUNTING RESEARCH: THE CASE OF THE AMERICAN SUGAR REFINING COMPANY

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bricker ◽  
Kevin Brown
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Performance

In 1908, the American Sugar Refining Company (ASR) reversed its long-held policy of secrecy as to its financial condition and performance. Prior work, applying contemporary capital market methods to ASR security price data of that period, has suggested a value to ASR shareholders of this policy reversal. This paper examines the historical record of that time and presents additional evidence on this matter, particularly in terms of identifying potentially confounding events occurring during the period under study. The results of this analysis suggest a difficulty in attributing observed abnormal returns to ASR's secrecy policy reversal on the basis of the results obtained from applying capital markets methods. This analysis is useful for scholars interested in applying modern capital market methods to historical data. It highlights the significance of the possible effects of contemporaneous historical events, focuses attention on the importance of a deep understanding of the historical period studied, and suggests a value in combining historical and empirical-markets methods to gain a richer understanding of the events and conditions in the time period under study.

Pricing Initial Audit Engagements: A Test of Competing Theories

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen T. Craswell ◽  
Jere R. Francis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Audit Pricing ◽  
Experience Goods ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Time Period

Two competing theories of initial engagement audit pricing are examined empirically. DeAngelo's (1981a) model predicts initial engagement discounts in all settings, while Dye's (1991) model specifically predicts discounting will not occur in settings where audit fees are publicly disclosed. Unlike the United States and most countries, audit fees are publicly disclosed in Australia. Our study examines initial engagement pricing in Australia during a time period when comparable U.S. studies report discounts of 25 percent (Ettredge and Greenberg 1990; Simon and Francis 1988). The Australian evidence finds initial engagement discounting only for upgrades from non-Big 8 to Big 8 auditors. Discounting for upgrades to Big 8 auditors is consistent with economic theories of discount pricing by sellers of higher-priced, higher-quality experience goods as an inducement to purchase when uncertainty about product quality is resolved through buying (experiencing) the goods. The evidence in our study is generally consistent with Dye's (1991) conclusion that public disclosure of audit fees precludes initial engagement discounting and the potential independence problems arising from such discounting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document