scholarly journals Isotopic Investigation of the Surdulica Geothermal System

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Milovanović ◽  
Svetislav Stanković ◽  
Miomir Komatina ◽  
Munevera Hadžišehović ◽  
Mladen Župančić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Recharge Area ◽  
Tritium Content ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Natural Springs

The object of our investigation was to study a mechanism of water formation in the Surdulica geothermal system (recharge area, age and homogeneity of the waters). We collected 56 samples to determine the chemical, stable isotope, 14C and tritium content of the waters. We found large stable isotope variations in precipitation collected at different altitudes, whereas the geothermal waters are largely homogeneous and seasonally independent. Data on springs and rivers, the local meteoric water line and recharge area were obtained. Three groups of groundwater were identified by age – modern from natural springs, old from mines and very old from the Vranjska Banja. Because the initial 14C activity of infiltrated waters from the recharge area is unknown, the age of thermal waters can only be inferred, from HCO3 −, 14C and 3H content, to be 10,000 to 28,000 years old.

Isotope hydrogeology and geothermometry of the Mount Meager geothermal area

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1454-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Clark ◽  
P. Fritz ◽  
F. A. Michel ◽  
J. G. Souther
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Cold Groundwaters

A survey of stable and radioactive environmental isotopes has been carried out in order to investigate the recharge, thermal history, age, and geothermometry of the thermal waters at Mount Meager, British Columbia, a Quaternary volcano that is currently the site of active exploration for geothermal resources. Isotope determinations include 18O, 2H, and 3H in precipitation, thermal and cold groundwaters, and glacier ice; 13C and 14C in dissolved inorganic carbon; 18O and 34S in dissolved sulphate from thermal and cold groundwaters; and 13C and 18O in hydrothermal calcite crystals. Major ion analyses were performed on thermal and cold spring waters.Precipitation data are used to define the local meteoric water line and to document the altitude effect on waters recharging the geothermal system, demonstrating that there are two hydrogeologically separate reservoirs recharged at different altitudes. Both pools of geothermal waters have experienced shifts of between +0.5 and +2.5‰ in δ18O values, indicating a limited degree of 18O exchange with hot silicate minerals.Tritium contents indicate that these waters recharged prior to 1955. 13C contents of dissolved inorganic carbon and hydrothermal calcites from drill core document contamination of the thermal waters with "dead" volcanogenic CO2 plus carbon exchange with fracture calcite, which precludes the possibility of "dating" the thermal waters using 14C.Several chemical and isotopic geothermometers are used to estimate the maximum temperatures experienced by the thermal waters. The fractionation of 18O between SO42− and H2O in these waters gives calculated maximum temperatures of less than 140 °C. The Mg-corrected Na–K–Ca geothermometer shows excellent correlation with the SO4–H2O estimates with maximum temperatures of less than 140 °C. Fractionation of 13C and 18O in the systems CaCO3–CO2 and CaCO3–H2O using hydrothermal calcites and borehole fluids also offers no indications of subsurface temperatures in excess of 140 °C. Silica geothermometer results are not reliable because of equlibrium with amorphous silica phases in the subsurface.It is concluded that these thermal waters are not deeply circulating and have not experienced temperatures in excess of 140 °C.

scholarly journals Stable-isotope time series and precipitation origin from firn-core and snow samples, Altai glaciers, Siberia

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (175) ◽  
pp. 637-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir B. Aizen ◽  
Elena Aizen ◽  
Koji Fujita ◽  
Stanislav A. Nikitin ◽  
Karl J. Kreutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Deuterium Excess ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
Water Stable Isotope ◽  
Firn Core ◽  
Snow Samples

AbstractIn the summers of 2001 and 2002, glacio-climatological research was performed at 4110–4120 m a.s.l. on the Belukha snow/firn plateau, Siberian Altai. Hundreds of samples from snow pits and a 21 m snow/firn core were collected to establish the annual/seasonal/monthly depth–accumulation scale, based on stable-isotope records, stratigraphic analyses and meteorological and synoptic data. The fluctuations of water stable-isotope records show well-preserved seasonal variations. The δ18O and δD relationships in precipitation, snow pits and the snow/firn core have the same slope to the covariance as that of the global meteoric water line. The origins of precipitation nourishing the Belukha plateau were determined based on clustering analysis of δ18O and d-excess records and examination of synoptic atmospheric patterns. Calibration and validation of the developed clusters occurred at event and monthly timescales with about 15% uncertainty. Two distinct moisture sources were shown: oceanic sources with d-excess <12‰, and the Aral–Caspian closed drainage basin sources with d-excess >12‰. Two-thirds of the annual accumulation was from oceanic precipitation, of which more than half had isotopic ratios corresponding to moisture evaporated over the Atlantic Ocean. Precipitation from the Arctic/Pacific Ocean had the lowest deuterium excess, contributing one-tenth to annual accumulation.

Epithermal Fluorite Deposits in Transbaikalia (Geochemical Features, Sources of Matter and Fluids, and Genesis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
E.I. Lastochkin ◽  
G.S. Ripp ◽  
D.S. Tsydenova ◽  
V.F. Posokhov ◽  
A.E. Murzintseva
Keyword(s):  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Sr Isotope ◽  
Light Isotope ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Nd Systems ◽  
Deep Source ◽  
The Impact

Abstract —We consider the isotope-geochemical features of epithermal fluorite deposits in Transbaikalia, including the REE compositions, Sr isotope ratios, Sm–Nd systems, and isotope compositions of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in fluorites are within 0.706–0.708, and the εNd values are negative. Oxygen in quartz, the main mineral of the deposits, has a light isotope composition (δ18O = –3.4 to +2.6‰), and the calculated isotope composition of oxygen in the fluid in equilibrium with quartz (δ18O = –9 to –16‰) indicates the presence of meteoric water. The latter is confirmed by analysis of the isotope compositions of oxygen and hydrogen in gas–liquid inclusions in fluorites from three deposits. These isotope compositions are due to recycling caused by the impact of shallow basic plutons. The isotope composition of sulfur indicates its deep source. During ascent, sulfur became enriched in its light isotope (δ34S = –1.8 to –7.7‰). We assess the association of fluorite ores with basaltoids widespread in the study area. The isotope and geochemical parameters suggest their spatial proximity. Probably, the basaltoids were responsible for the recycling of meteoric water. It is shown that the epithermal fluorite deposits formed by the same mechanism as fissure–vein thermal waters in western Transbaikalia.

Migration Processes of Geothermal Fluids in the Beppu Geothermal System, Japan, Estimated from Stable Isotope Ratios

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi KITAOKA ◽  
Yuki YUSA ◽  
Kokichi KAMIYAMA ◽  
Shinji OHSAWA ◽  
Michael K. STEWART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Geothermal Fluids

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Geothermal Water from the Ganzi Geothermal Field, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Fan ◽  
Pang ◽  
Liao ◽  
Tian ◽  
Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Helium Isotope ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Geothermal Waters

The Ganzi geothermal field, located in the eastern sector of the Himalayan geothermal belt, is full of high-temperature surface manifestations. However, the geothermal potential has not been assessed so far. The hydrochemical and gas isotopic characteristics have been investigated in this study to determine the geochemical processes involved in the formation of the geothermal water. On the basis of δ18O and δD values, the geothermal waters originate from snow and glacier melt water. The water chemistry type is dominated by HCO3-Na, which is mainly derived from water-CO2-silicate interactions, as also indicated by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.714098–0.716888). Based on Cl-enthalpy mixing model, the chloride concentration of the deep geothermal fluid is 37 mg/L, which is lower than that of the existing magmatic heat source area. The estimated reservoir temperature ranges from 180–210 °C. Carbon isotope data demonstrate that the CO2 mainly originates from marine limestone metamorphism, with a fraction of 74–86%. The helium isotope ratio is 0.17–0.39 Ra, indicating that the He mainly comes from atmospheric and crustal sources, and no more than 5% comes from a mantle source. According to this evidence, we propose that there is no magmatic heat source below the Ganzi geothermal field, making it a distinctive type of high-temperature geothermal system on the Tibetan Plateau.

Stable isotope characterisation of recent aragonite travertine deposits associated with the Fitero thermal waters (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-892
Author(s):  
Mónica Blasco ◽  
Luis F. Auqué ◽  
María J. Gimeno ◽  
María P. Asta ◽  
Juan Mandado
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Thermal Waters

RESISTIVITY, SELF‐POTENTIAL, AND INDUCED‐POLARIZATION SURVEYS OF A VAPOR‐DOMINATED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Geophysics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. R. Zohdy ◽  
L. A. Anderson ◽  
L. J. P. Muffler
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Self Potential

The Mud Volcano area in Yellowstone National Park provides an example of a vapor‐dominated geothermal system. A test well drilled to a depth of about 347 ft penetrated the vapor‐dominated reservoir at a depth of less than 300 ft. Subsequently, 16 vertical electrical soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger type were made along a 3.7‐mile traverse to evaluate the electrical resistivity distribution within this geothermal field. Interpretation of the VES curves by computer modeling indicates that the vapor‐dominated layer has a resistivity of about 75–130 ohm‐m and that its lateral extent is about 1 mile. It is characteristically overlain by a low‐resistivity layer of about 2–6.5 ohm‐m, and it is laterally confined by a layer of about 30 ohm‐m. This 30‐ohm‐m layer, which probably represents hot water circulating in low‐porosity rocks, also underlies most of the survey at an average depth of about 1000 ft. Horizontal resistivity profiles, measured with two electrode spacings of an AMN array, qualitatively corroborate the sounding interpretation. The profiling data delineate the southeast boundary of the geothermal field as a distinct transition from low to high apparent resistivities. The northwest boundary is less distinctly defined because of the presence of thick lake deposits of low resistivities. A broad positive self‐potential anomaly is observed over the geothermal field, and it is interpretable in terms of the circulation of the thermal waters. Induced‐polarization anomalies were obtained at the northwest boundary and near the southeast boundary of the vapor‐dominated field. These anomalies probably are caused by relatively high concentrations of pyrite.

Geochemical features of the geothermal and mineral waters from Apuseni Mountains, Romania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin-Marius Nicula ◽  
Artur Ionescu ◽  
Cristian-Ioan Pop ◽  
Carmen Roba ◽  
Walter D’Alessandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Apuseni Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Geochemical features of the geothermal and mineral waters from Apuseni Mountains, Romania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alin-Marius Nicula&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Artur Ionescu&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Cristian-Ioan Pop&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Carmen Roba&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Walter D&amp;#8217;Alessandro&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ferenc Lazar Forray&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Iancu Oraseanu&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Calin Baciu&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Str. Fantanele nr. 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ([email protected])&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;University of Perugia, Department of Physics and Geology, Via A. Pascoli 06123, Perugia, Italy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo la Malfa, 153,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;90146 Palermo, Italy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Romanian Association of Hydrogeologists, Bucuresti, Romania&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Apuseni Mountains are located in the western part of Romania and separate the Pannonian Basin from the Transylvanian Basin. These mountains are famous and intensely studied for their important non-ferrous metal resources. Few data were published about the geothermal potential of this area. More works have been dedicated to mineral waters, while the geothermal waters are only briefly described, without sufficient emphasis on them. The current research is focusing on the two categories, cold mineral and geothermal water in the Apuseni Mountains, compared to the surrounding areas, in order to better understand their genesis and the general context of the geothermalism in the study region. A preliminary survey of these waters was done in 2019 taking water and gas samples from 41 sources.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pH varies between 6.00 and 9.02 and, the lowest values have been measured in the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-rich waters of the Southern Apuseni Mountains. Water temperatures vary between 11.1 &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#226;&amp;#151;&amp;#139;&lt;/sup&gt;C and 81 &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#226;&amp;#151;&amp;#139;&lt;/sup&gt;C. In the southern part of the Apuseni Mountains, the geothermal waters are of the calcium bicarbonate type (Ca-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), while in the north-western part, the sodium bicarbonate type (Na-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) is more common. The water sources from the north-western part are close to the Pannonian Basin and show features comparable to the thermal waters of this basin. Conductivity values show significant variations between 142 and 2040 &amp;#181;S/cm, but regional homogeneities were observed. The highest concentration of bicarbonate was measured in one of the localities of the northern study area (Beiu&amp;#197;&amp;#159; Depression - 3318.4 mg/L). The dissolved heavy metal concentrations (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe) in the water samples were also measured. For all the investigated waters, the heavy metal content was low. The highest concentrations were recorded for Fe 342.90 &amp;#181;g/L and Zn 86.14 &amp;#181;g/L. The isotopic data (&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H) demonstrate the meteoric origin of the thermal waters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some springs and wells release free gases. The gas chromatographic analyses show the prevalence of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, with minor amounts of CH&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;in the water sources close to the Pannonian Basin. The isotope composition of Helium shows values between 0.9 and 2.18 R/Ra indicating a prevailing crustal source with a significant mantle component. In the case of &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; the values range between -12.7 and -6.1 &amp;#8240; vs.V-PDB, indicating that the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; originates possibly from a limestone source.&lt;/p&gt;

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