scholarly journals Part 2: The Third International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (Tiri)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-328 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Analytical Quality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The World

TIRI was officially launched at the 14th International Radiocarbon Conference in Arizona in 1991. Prior to the conference, 150 laboratories received a letter describing the general intention to organize an intercomparison and over 90 laboratories from around the world responded positively to the invitation to participate. Simply stated, the aims of this intercomparison were: 1.To function as the third arm of the quality assurance (QA) procedure.2.To provide an objective measure of the maintenance and improvement in analytical quality.3.To assist in the development of a “self-help” scheme for participating laboratories.

Increased Use of Helicopters in Commercial Agriculture

1966 ◽  
Vol 70 (672) ◽  
pp. 1073-1075
Author(s):  
R. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
World Population ◽  
List Type ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The past few years have evidenced a remarkable increase in the use of helicopters in agriculture. There are any number of individual reasons for this: helicopters are more plentiful, for example, but the primary reason is one of simple economics combined with a capability to meet new demands. The demands have been generated by the overwhelming population explosion. Sometimes hard to imagine and even more difficult to cope with, but the facts remain that:1.25 % of all the people that ever existed on earth are living on it today,2.The world population increases at a rate of 5400 people every hour; and3.This staggering number of people will double again within the next 40 years.

The Meanings of Psychopathology

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
G. Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Formal Taxonomy ◽  
Mode Of Being ◽  
Phenomenological Psychopathology

The term ‘psychopathology’ is used with different meanings. In the most trivial sense it refers to the object of psychiatry, i.e. pathologies of the psyche. In continental Europe Psychopathology is the formal taxonomy of the modalities of abnormal experience. We have three levels or profiles of Psychopathology. First, General Psychopathology, rooted in Jaspers’ work:i.sorts out, defines and differentiates abnormal psychic phenomena, actualized and sistematically described in specific terms; andii.classifies groups of phenomena according to their phenomenological affinities, i.e. in terms of the patients’ self-descriptions, and the modes in which the experience comes to expression.Second, Clinical Psychopathology, rooted in Kurt Schneider's work, aims at becoming the psychopathological doctrine linking symptoms and diagnosis. Clinical Psychopathology is essentially aimed at the identification of symptoms which are significant in view of nosographical distinctions. Third, we have Phenomenological Psychopathology, whose task is organizing different kinds of a person's abnormal experiences in theoretical constructs whose guide-line is the meaning-structures of such experiences. These meaning-organizers - i.e. psychopathological organizers - are synthesizing schemes of comprehension, conferring a unitary meaningfulness to different declinations of pathological phenomena. These constructs are descriptions of the mode of being-in-the-world of a given patient, i.e. his embeddedness in mundane, everyday activities. They are based on a holistic approach, advocating the importance of the global grasping of a phenomenon as an organising and meaningful Gestalt over a particularistic focus of attention.

Tethering in pastures new

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (554) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
John D. Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Slip Rings

In a recent and illuminating article that provided much food for thought [1], the problem of tethering a goat at the edge of a circular pasture so as to restrict its attentions to only one half of the grazing supply was elegantly addressed and developed further to embrace the corresponding three-dimensional scenario involving a bird. The exercises resulted in mathematical formulations that required the use of numerical methods to extract practical results. Following the article, various questions and different scenarios sprang to my mind. The following poser perhaps best illustrates one of these, and it is the purpose of this Article to address this particular conundrum:A grazier has three troublesome beasts that are water averse, eat grass and who will, given half a chance, eat one another also in some fashion. The first will eat the other two and the second will eat only the third, which eats just grass. Having stabled and fed them in separate stalls during the winter months he plans to release them in the spring to an arbitrarily elliptic shaped pasture up to the water's edge in the middle of a lake. He has at his disposal: (1)A drum of tethering rope from which he can cut just once any required length, TBD (To Be Determined).(2)Slip rings and two tethering pegs that can be positioned only on the pasture boundary (i.e. at the water's edge).

The Influence of the West German Constitution on the Legal System of the Country

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Juergen Christoph Goedan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
List Type ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The West ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The World ◽  
German Constitution ◽  
German People

Article 1 of the Basic Law the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany, reads as follow: “(1)The dignity of man shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority.(2)The German people therefore acknowledge inviolable and inalienable human rights as the basis of every community, of peace and of justice in the world.(3)The following basic rights shall bind the legislature, the executive and the judiciary as directly enforceable law.”This article answers, in a nutshell, all the questions one might raise regarding the influence of a constitution on the legal system of a country.

scholarly journals Modelling declassification policies using abstract domain completeness

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABELLA MASTROENI ◽  
ANINDYA BANERJEE
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trace Semantics ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Partition Refinement

This paper explores a three dimensional characterisation of a declassification-based non-interference policy and its consequences. Two of the dimensions consist of specifying:(a)the power of the attacker, that is, what public information a program has that an attacker can observe; and(b)what secret information a program has that needs to be protected.Both these dimensions are regulated by the third dimension:(c)the choice of program semantics, for example, trace semantics or denotational semantics, or any semantics in Cousot's semantics hierarchy.To check whether a program satisfies a non-interference policy, one can compute an abstract domain that over-approximates the information released by the policy and then check whether program execution can release more information than permitted by the policy. Counterexamples to a policy can be generated by using a variant of the Paige–Tarjan algorithm for partition refinement. Given the counterexamples, the policy can be refined so that the least amount of confidential information required for making the program secure is declassified.

scholarly journals Past and Present Studies Relating to the Illumination of the Night Sky

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Merle F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
General Problem ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The World ◽  
Optical Region ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Definition Of

During the period from 1965-1977, I was engaged in a program of selecting and acquiring a new dark sky site in California for the Lick Observatory. Even though the effort was, in the end, unsuccessful, this work did lead to several important advances in our understanding of the general problem of optimizing optical-region astronomical observing conditions. These included: 1)The development of the polar star trail method of seeing measurement (Harlan and Walker 1965; Walker 1971).2)Definition of the conditions required to optimize the seeing through the use of the polar star trail method of measurement at a number of potential and established observing sites around the world (Walker 1970, 1971, 1983, 1984; McInnes and Walker 1974).3)Demonstration of the widespread effects of atmospheric pollution in reducing photometric quality at potential sites in California (Walker 1970).4)The first extensive study of the effects of light pollution on astronomical observations.

The Bonner Spectral Atlas and Three-Dimensional Classification at Low Dispersions

1976 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
W. C. Seitter
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Late Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Composite Spectra ◽  
Peculiar Stars ◽  
Ap Stars

Work on the third part of the Bonner Spectral Atlas: Peculiar Stars has well progressed during the past year. Observations of the more than 200 stars – photographed with a dispersion of 240 Å mm−1 at Hγ on I-N plates – is nearing completion.The arrangement of the spectra will be as follows: 1.WR-stars2.O-stars Of sequence3.Peculiar B-type stars emission-line objects4.Ap-stars with various sequences: Cr-Mn-Hg-rare earths5.Asi-stars6.Am-stars7.Late-type peculiar stars Ba II, CH8.C-stars9.Late M-type stars10.S-stars11.Composite spectra12.Spectra with large rotational broadeningThe 12 groups are displayed on 40 plates, each with 6–8 objects. Stars of groups 8 to 10 will be presented with different exposures in order to facilitate the discovery of faint objects.Sample plates will be shown and discussed.

Annex I. The Open Arbitrage Forecast: or Why the Dollar Must Drop

1989 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
World Economy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

We have adopted the practice of constructing our forecasts by assuming:- (1)Exchange rates follow the open arbitrage path, with some allowance for risk factors which may change over time.(2)Our model is an adequate description of the world economy, and that the views embedded in it are shared by participants in the market.

How to Distinguish Autonomy from Integrity

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Place Value ◽  
List Type ◽  
Bernard Williams ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Capacity ◽  
Important Sense ◽  
Distinct Character ◽  
Do So

1)‘“Be true to yourself!” and “Don't cave in!” express the value people place on [_]….’2)‘… an important sense of [_] is being true to oneself.’3)‘[_] encourages and protects people's general capacity to lead their lives out of a distinctive sense of their own character, a sense of what is important to and for them. ’4)‘… to value [_] is to place value on an agent's acting from herreasons, whether they are good ones or not.’Quiz: fill in the blanks. Here is a hint: two are autonomy and two are integrity. Can you sort out which ones are which? I suspect not, especially since the first two are nearly identical but have different answers. The third seems clearly to be integrity, at least given what philosophers such as Bernard Williams write about integrity: that it involves preserving one's own distinct character. However, the answer to 3) is autonomy. The fourth quotation brings to mind discussions about how autonomous agents can make bad choices, but we respect their autonomy by allowing them to do so. However, the answer to 4) is integrity.

A Few Errors in Magellan Authorities

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sanderlin
Keyword(s):  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The World ◽  
King's Men

I have noted some errors or ambiguities in authoritative works on Magellan.(1)J. A. Robertson's edition and translation of Pigafetta (Cleveland, 1906) has Captain Barbosa ‘threatening the slave that if he did go ashore, he would be flogged’ (1, 179). But Pigafetta wrote ‘se non andava in terra,’ ‘if he did not go ashore.’ The slave (Enrique de Malacca) was wanted ashore as interpreter. The error is repeated in the reprint of Robertson's text in Charles E. Nowell, Magellan's Voyage Around the World (Evanston, 1962).(2)Nowell omits (p. 104) a sentence of Robertson's translation concerning the Patagonian giant: ‘He had a bow and arrows in his hand.’ He also obscures Pigafetta's text by turning Robertson's parentheses into brackets, and thus excluding three phrases. These should now read: ‘(but not of cedar),’ Nowell, page 119; ‘(with the pardon of cosmographers, for they have not seen it),’ Nowell, page 128; ‘(the king's men),’ Nowell, page 138.

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