Art. XIX.—An old Hebrew Romance of Alexander

1897 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-549
Author(s):  
M. Gaster

More marvellous and more remarkable than the real conquests of Alexander are the stories circulated about him, and the legends which have clustered round his name and his exploits. The history of Alexander has, from a very early period, been embellished with legends and tales. They spread from nation to nation during the whole of the ancient times, and all through the Middle Ages. Many scholars have followed up the course of this dissemination of the fabulous history of Alexander. It would, therefore, be idle repetition of work admirably done by men like Zacher, Wesselofsky, Budge, and others, should I attempt it here. All interested in the legend of Alexander are familiar with those works, where also the fullest bibliographical information is to be found. I am concerned here with what may have appeared to some of these students as the bye-paths of the legend, and which, to my mind, has not received that attention which is due to it, from more than one point of view. Hitherto the histories of Alexander were divided into two categories; the first were those writings which pretended to give a true historical description of his life and adventures, to the exclusion of fabulous matter; the other included all those fabulous histories in which the true elements were smothered under a great mass of legendary matter, the chief representative of this class being the work ascribed to a certain Callisthenes. The study of the legend centred in the study of the vicissitudes to which this work of (Pseudo-) Callisthenes had been exposed, in the course of its dissemination from the East, probably from its native country, Egypt, to the countries of the West.

1886 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
J. H. Collins

My argument that at Porthalla there is a “passage” from hornblende-schist to serpentine; or rather that some beds of a common series have been changed into serpentine, others into hornblende-schist, and others again into a substance of intermediate character, is, I think, much strengthened by the fact that many such “apparent passages” are admitted to exist by all those who have examined the Lizard Coast with any degree of detail. De la Beche's description of that seen near the Lizard Town is as follows, and it would apply equally well to the others. “The hornblende slate,” he says, “supports the great mass of the Lizard serpentine with an apparent passage of the one into the other in many places—an apparent passage somewhat embarrassing,” that is, from his point of view; from mine it is perfectly natural. He goes on to say: “Whatever the cause of this apparent passage may have been, it is very readily seen at Mullion Cove, at Pradanack Point, at the coast west of Lizard Town, and at several places on the east coast between Landewednack and Kennick Cove, more especially under the Balk … and at the remarkable cavern and open cavity named the Frying-Pan, near Cadgwith.” At Kynance some of the laminse of serpentine are not more than one-tenth of an inch in thickness for considerable distances.


1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-851
Author(s):  
Charles M. Wiltse

From the great mass of Jefferson's writings, letters, and public utterances, it is possible to select isolated fragments in justification of almost any course one chooses to pursue; and the history of his forty years in the service of his country offers almost as various a pattern. Taking his career and his writings as a whole, however, and piecing together from both the broad outlines of a political philosophy, one is struck by what appears to be a dual emphasis: two diverging streams of thought, which seem at first glance to be incompatible, and which have rendered the great democrat vulnerable to the charge of inconsistency so often repeated in his own day as in ours. One of these emphases, and that most apt to be quoted by campaign orators, is on individualism; but the direction and purpose of the other is socialistic.Both in the abstract system of the philosopher and in the concrete events of the world of action, time has a way of reconciling apparent contradictions. Historical perspective will do much to reveal unsuspected unities, and the point of view from which the inquiry is approached will do the rest.


Philosophy ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Delisle Burns

Not for the first time in the history of our tradition, we are conscious of the defects of our inheritance and look doubtfully forward to a future whose structure we can hardly surmise. There was a Decline of the West in the first years of our era and again at the close of the Middle Ages. Now once more the beliefs and customs are shaken, on which our tradition is based; and there is no certainty that we shall carry forward what that tradition has so far achieved into a new form of civilized life. But, on the other hand, there is no reason to suppose that Western Civilization will disappear.


2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Jan Szczych

The cult of the saints had its beginning in the Christian ancient times. Since then it was transformed in its own celebrations in honour of All the Saints. The official liturgy of the feast-day of Omnium Sanctorum (All Saints) was stabilized in close relation to the development of collective worship of the saints in the West. The historical liturgical witnesses from the Middle Ages and of the Trident Council time demonstrate a progressive and very natural process of establishment the missal texts of this liturgical celebration. The form of some liturgical directions in the current Missale Romanum (Latin Missal), unchanged for ages, confirms the continuity and constancy of this celebration in the history of Catholic Church. These missal directions explicitly show the same idea of celebration and timeless meaning of the All Saints Solemnity.


Author(s):  
Rajesh Sonkusare

In the history of a great country like India, there have been many rulers since ancient times who ruled different regions of India at different times. But few of these rulers are called great rulers. Maurya ruler Chandragupta Maurya and Emperor Ashoka, Gupta ruler Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya), Vardhana ruler Harshavardhana, Kushan emperor Kanishka, Satavahana ruler Gautamiputra Satkarni, Chalukya ruler Pulakeshi II, Chola rulers Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola, Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghvarsh, Pratihar ruler Mihira bhoja, Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar are named. Among these great rulers of India were two rulers whose lives and work were very similar. The rulers were the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) and the Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. The similarity between Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) and Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar is that the grandfather of both the rulers was the real founder of their kingdom. Both the rulers came to power through struggle (war). Both the rulers were tolerant rulers. The empire of the two rulers extended from present day Pakistan in the north to the mouth of the river Narmada in the south and from the mouth of the river Ganga in the east to the mouth of the river Indus in the west. Art, architecture, etc. developed during the reign of both the rulers. Due to the excellent administrative system of both the rulers, their empire remained stable for many generations to come. The main similarity between the two rulers is that in the history of India, only this two rulars have the Navratna in their court.


2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Jan Szczych

The cult of the saints had its beginning in the Christian ancient times. Since then it was transformed in its own celebrations in honor of All the Saints. The official liturgy of the feast-day of Omnium Sanctorum (All Saints) was stabilized in close relation to the development of collective worship of the saints in the West. The historical liturgical witnesses from the Middle Ages and of the Trident Council time demonstrate a progressive and very natural process of establishment the missal texts of this liturgical celebration. The form of some liturgical directions in the current Missale Romanum (Latin Missal), unchanged for ages, confirms the continuity and constancy of this celebration in the history of Catholic Church. These missal directions explicitly show the same idea of celebration and timeless meaning of the All Saints Solemnity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
D.X. Sangirova ◽  

Revered since ancient times, the concept of "sacred place" in the middle ages rose to a new level. The article analyzes one of the important issues of this time - Hajj (pilgriamge associated with visiting Mecca and its surroundings at a certain time), which is one of pillars of Islam and history of rulers who went on pilgrimage


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Brahim BOUKHALFA

The yearning for a journey towards the places of strangers, the longing to mingle with them and immerse themselves in their lives, and to record everything that is strange and wondrous about their lifestyle, their ways of thinking, their customs and traditions, that is the nature that characterizes man, since ancient times. The lives of the prophets, may blessings and peace be upon them, were frenetic migrations, and a constant movement, length and breadth, in search of a place of intimacy, a comfortable life, and a bright truth. Western poets, writers, philosophers and travelers have also been fond of the journey to the Naked and Islamic East, from the Middle Ages to the present day; The desire to get to know the Easterners closely, to mix with them, and then to dominate them, was evident in the so-called travel literature. It is the writing emanating from the experiences of travelers in the eastern "One Thousand and One Nights". However, these travelers have always hidden the true intentions that drove them on the journey, which, as we will present in the body of this study, are colonial motives deposited in the political consciousness of Western governments that stand behind the colonial phenomenon. It is from this perspective in the research that urgent questions come to the surface, which we are trying to answer. What are the real motives for the trip for Western writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? What is their relationship with the Western governments that were colonizing large areas of the Arab countries? What are the representations of Arabs and Muslims in so-called travel literature? The answer to these questions is to reveal to us the colonial nature of the modern West, and the extent of its contempt for non-Westerners, which is supported by myths of racial superiority and self-centeredness in that. It is a belief that has not been affected by the tremendous development in the field of human sciences that our time has witnesse


1898 ◽  
Vol 63 (389-400) ◽  
pp. 56-61

The two most important deviations from the normal life-history of ferns, apogamy and apospory, are of interest in themselves, but acquire a more general importance from the possibility that their study may throw light on the nature of alternation of generations in archegoniate plants. They have been considered from this point of view Pringsheim, and by those who, following him, regard the two generations as homologous with one another in the sense that the sporophyte arose by the gradual modification of individuals originally resemblin the sexual plant. Celakovsky and Bower, on the other hand, maintaint the view tha t the sporophyte, as an interpolated stage in the life-history arising by elaboration of the zygote, a few thallophytes.


1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Blackie

The Author showed by a historical review of the fortunes of Greece, through the Middle Ages, and under the successive influences of Turkish conquest and Turkish oppression, how the Greek language had escaped corruption to the degree that would have caused the birth of a new language in the way that Italian and the other Roman languages grew out of Latin. He then analysed the modern language, as it existed in current popular literature before the time of Coraes, that is, from the time of Theodore Ptochoprodromus to nearly the end of the last century, and showed that the losses and curtailments which it had unquestionably suffered in the course of so many centuries, were not such as materially to impair the strength and beauty of the language, which in its present state was partly to be regarded as a living bridge betwixt the present and the past, and as an altogether unique phenomenon in the history of human speech.


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