Politics and Society in Viet-Nam during the Early Nguyen Period (1802–62)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Examination System ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Vietnamese History ◽  
Western Scholar ◽  
Asian History ◽  
First Time

Professor A. B. Woodside's recent study of Vietnamese government and society in the first half of the nineteenth century is likely to become immediately a standard work for the teaching of South-East Asian history, as well as a point of departure for further research. It is the first attempt by a Western scholar to analyse the institutional developments of a period in which Viêt-Nam attained its greatest measure of “Confucianization” and also its greatest territorial extent as a unified country. The “Đại-Nam” of the later years of Minh-Mang (1820–41) included not only the whole of present-day Viêt-Nam, united for the first time in 1802, but also (after 1836) a large part of Cambodia as well as a portion of eastern Laos. The institutional changes of his reign included the reinvigoration of the examination system, the creation of new organs of central government, and a thorough overhaul of the machinery of provincial administration. In terms of its own previous history, it was by no means a weak or declining Viêt-Nam which found itself face to face with European power in the 1850's and 1860's. By offering a study of government and society in this period, Professor Woodside has gone some of the way towards filling a major gap in Western-language literature on Vietnamese history.

Some Origins of Nationalism in East Africa

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
National Movements ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Official Recognition

This paper attempts to provide a frame of reference for evaluating the role of ordinary rural Africans in national movements, in the belief that scholarly preoccupation with élites will only partially illumine the mainsprings of nationalism. Kenya has been taken as the main field of enquiry, with contrasts and comparisons drawn from Uganda and Tanganyika. The processes of social change are discussed with a view to establishing that by the end of the colonial period one can talk of peasants rather than tribesmen in some of the more progressive areas. This change entailed a decline in the leadership functions of tribal chiefs who were also the official agents of colonial rule, but did not necessarily mean the firm establishment of a new type of rural leadership. The central part of the paper is taken up with an account of the competition between these older and newer leaderships, for official recognition rather than a mass following. A popular following was one of the conditions for such recognition, but neither really achieved this prior to 1945 except in Kikuyuland, and there the newer leaders did not want official recognition. After 1945 the newer leadership, comprising especially traders and officials of marketing co-operatives, seems everywhere to have won a properly representative position, due mainly to the enforced agrarian changes which brought the peasant face to face with the central government, perhaps for the first time. This confrontation, together with the experience of failure in earlier and more local political activity, resulted in a national revolution coalescing from below, co-ordinated rather than instigated by the educated élite.

The Chengba site in Quxian County, Sichuan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Local People ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bamboo Slips ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

AbstractIn 2014 through 2018, Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and History Museum of Quxian County conducted a systematic archaeological survey, detection, and excavation to the Chengba site in Quxian County. The excavation uncovered 4,000sq m in total, from which 444 various features were recovered and over 1,000 artifacts were unearthed. The functional zoning of this site has been roughly made clear; the excavations of the western gate and important building foundations of the Guojiatai city site are important archaeological discoveries of the city sites of the Han through Western Jin dynasties, and at the checkpoint site on the waterway of this period was uncovered for the first time in China. The large amounts of bamboo slips and wooden tablets unearthed in the excavation provided important materials for the explorations on the management of the central government of the Han and Jin empires to the administrative areas of commandery and district levels and the social lives of the local people at that time.

First-time mothers' experiences of the first stage of labour in hospitals in the HhoHho region, Eswatini

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nonhlahla Mamba ◽  
Oslinah B Tagutanazvo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Labour Pains ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Purposive Sample

Background/Aims Women have different and varying experiences of labour and their coping strategies vary as well. Having support during labour may help women feel in control of their labour. This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of first-time mothers during the first stage of labour. Methods The study used a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design. A purposive sample of nine first-time postpartum mothers were selected to participate following normal vaginal delivery at Mbabane Government Hospital. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analysed thematically. Open coding was used to analyse data. Results Four themes emerged: 1. Ignorance of the signs of labour 2. Anxiety related to fear 3. Maintaining adequate nutrition 4. Coping with labour pains. Each theme had several subcategories. Most participants were ignorant of the signs of labour and reported anxiety related to fear of the unknown and practiced different ways of coping with labour pains. Conclusions First-time mothers require adequate preparation for labour, as many women in this study were ignorant of the signs of labour and reported anxiety related to fear of the unknown. Pregnant women should be educated about the physiological aspects of the first stage of labour and oriented in the labour ward during the prenatal period.

Economic Interest and the Oversight of Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Investigative Techniques ◽  
Robust System ◽  
Court Involvement ◽  
First Time

While, earlier chapters establish that the officer and investigative techniques necessary to create a monopoly of violence were in place in England by the beginning of the sixteenth century, these alone only provided the potential for the effective regulation of violence. To ensure that the state’s definitions of legitimate and illegitimate violence were rigorously enforced, oversight of the coroner system was necessary. Chapter 5, therefore, charts the rise of a new, more robust system of oversight that came into effect in the sixteenth century. The growth of oversight, it is argued, began in the 1530s as a result of competing economic interests in the outcome of coroners’ inquests and the growing popularity of the central courts as a venue for adjudication. This combination of economic interest in forfeiture and greater central court involvement in forfeiture disputes resulted in a system of surveillance which allowed central government officials unprecedented control over the coroner system and thus, for the first time, an effective monopoly of lethal violence.

scholarly journals The “Smart Work” Myth: How Bureaucratic Inertia and Workplace Culture Stymied Digital Transformation in the Relocation of South Korea’s Capital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JY Hur ◽  
Wonhyuk Cho ◽  
G Lee ◽  
Sarah Bickerton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Work Routines ◽  
Traditional Work

© 2019, © 2019 Asian Studies Association of Australia. Starting in 2012, the South Korean government has implemented a large-scale relocation of its central government agencies, which are now split between the existing capital city (Seoul) and a new administrative-capital city (Sejong). One of the most controversial aspects of the relocation has been the bureaucratic inefficiency caused by its split nature. ICT-enabled solutions, dubbed “Smart Work”, were adopted to deal with this challenge, but have not been effective in avoiding inefficiency. In this article, we argue that different forms of organisational inertia created resistance to switching from traditional work routines to Smart Work’s ICT-assisted equivalents. Various forms of inertia–psychological (anxiety around learning new technologies), cognitive (culture/norms in face-to-face work routines), technological (stickiness of pre-existing IT system), political (continued influence from elected officials), and resource allocation (success bias from previous digital government projects)–significantly influenced public managers’ work practices in Sejong. These types of inertia, we argue, have reinforced face-to-face communication rather than digital communication, on-site visits rather than video-conferencing, and fixed-time work rather than flex-work. Our findings challenge dominant views from functionalist models of digital transformation and emphasise the importance of cultural congruency between workplace norms and technophilic business processes.

scholarly journals Application of PCR-DGGE method for identification of nematode communities in pepper growing soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Duong Duc Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Tree ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soil Nematode Communities

Soil nematodes play an important role in indication for assessing soil environments and ecosystems. Previous studies of nematode community analyses based on molecular identification have shown to be useful for assessing soil environments. Here we applied PCR-DGGE method for molecular analysisoffive soil nematode communities (designed as S1 to S5) collected from four provinces in Southeastern Vietnam (Binh Duong, Ba Ria Vung Tau, Binh Phuoc and Dong Nai) based on SSU gene. By sequencing DNA bands derived from S5 community sample, our data show 15 species containing soil nematode, other nematode and non-nematode (fungi) species. Genus Meloidogyne was found as abundant one. The genetic relationship of soil nematode species in S5 community were determined by Maximum Likelihood tree re-construction based on SSU gene. This molecular approach is applied for the first time in Vietnam for identification of soil nematode communities. Tuyến trùng đất đóng vai trò chỉ thị quan trọng trong công tác đánh giá môi trường và hệ sinh thái đất. Các nghiên cứu trước đây đã cho thấy lợi ích của việc phân tích cộng đồng tuyến trùng đất bằng định danh sinh học phân tử đối với việc đánh giá môi trường đất. Ở đây, chúng tôi ứng dụng phương pháp PCR-DGGE dựa trên gene SSU để phân tích năm (ký hiệu từ S1 đến S5) cộng đồng tuyến trùng đất thuộc các vùng trồng chuyên canh cây hồ tiêu ở miền nam Việt Nam (Bình Dương, Bà Rịa Vũng Tàu, Bình Phước và Đồng Nai). Bằng cách giải trình tự các vạch của mẫu tuyến trùng S5, kết quả cho thấy cộng đồng tuyến trùng này có 15 loài gồm nhóm tuyến trùng đất, nhóm các loại tuyến trùng khác và nhóm không phải tuyến trùng (nấm) và trong đó Meloidogyne là giống ưu thế. Mối quan hệ di truyền của các các loài tuyến trùng đất thuộc cộng đồng S5 được xác định bằng việc thiết lập cây phát sinh loài Maximum Likelihood dựa trên gene SSU. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên ở Việt Nam sử dụng kỹ thuật PCR-DGGE để phân tích các cộng đồng tuyến trùng đất trồng hồ tiêu.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE FASHION DRAWING (ILLUSTRATION) LESSON TEACHING PROGRAM UNDER THE LIGHT OF LECTURERS’ AND STUDENTS’ OPINIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (60) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Examination System ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Dimensional Plane ◽  
Figure Drawing

While clothing is produced and consumed rapidly, it strives to create appropriate forms and to create appropriate identities by giving correct messages; therefore, it is one of the most important fields requiring art and design education. The fashion design student, who forms the infrastructure with basic art education and figure drawing, not only transfers the imagination to the two-dimensional plane with the fashion drawing lesson but also transfers it to the two-dimensional plane; at the same time, he takes art and design education, which is aesthetic education, and feeds his visual vision and mind. In this research, the Fashion Drawing Lesson has been examined in detail in terms of determining the place, position, importance, processing and content of the Fashion Drawing Lesson in the official fashion design curriculum and a comprehensive literature search has been conducted; then the matter has been tried to be examined thanks to a link has been established between education, fashion, art and design disciplines. The course syllabus in Turkey and some of fashion design course programs in the world were examined; the experts providing fashion formal education and the students who received fashion formal education were interviewed face-to-face to obtain information first-hand. First of all, the study started by determining the fashion design undergraduate programs in the OSYM (Assessment Selection and Placement Center) placement guide and examining the course hours, course times and course contents of the fashion formal courses in these programs. The researcher visited the designated universities for the purpose of on-site observation and interview, and conducted semi-structured interview questions and face-to-face interviews with experts and students and recorded them. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using content analysis method and the findings were interpreted within the framework of the research questions. The findings were interpreted and discussed, and after the results were written, suggestions about the study were included. As a result, it has been determined that the admission of students to the fashion design program should be made with the combination of central examination system and talent exam suitable for fashion design education. It was seen that the time granted for the program was not sufficient in mean of implementation of the fashion drawing lessons properly in the fashion design education programs. Keywords: Fashion drawing, fashion illustration, design education, fashion design education, art education

scholarly journals Use of Tablet Video for Delivery of Neonatal Discharge Instructions to First-Time Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
Kristine L. Cece ◽  
Jane E. Chargot ◽  
Micheleen Hashikawa ◽  
Melissa A. Plegue ◽  
Katherine J. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Patient Perceptions ◽  
Discharge Instructions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Video Group ◽  
First Time

Background and Objectives: While video discharge instructions have been shown to improve retention of information and patient satisfaction, data are limited regarding patient perceptions of video tools. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess self-rated comprehension and overall satisfaction with video versus face-to-face neonatal discharge instructions in first-time mothers. Results: Video instructions were no different from face-to-face instructions, though there was a nonsignificant increase in confidence in caring for their newborn in the video group. Conclusions: Broader use of technology may allow for a more standardized approach to patient education and improve efficiency for clinicians, without compromising patient satisfaction and confidence in caring for themselves and their dependents.

Peace Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-265
Author(s):  
Niall Ó Dochartaigh
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
British Government ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Joint Declaration ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

In February 1993, the British Government received, via the back-channel, a message purported to be from the IRA. It read: ‘The conflict is over but we need your advice on how to bring it to a close.’ This chapter elaborates the sequence of contacts that led to a secret face-to-face meeting between a British government representative and republican leaders for the first time since 1976 and that culminated in a secret IRA ceasefire offer in May 1993. It examines too the influence of the back-channel on the joint declaration by the British and Irish governments in December 1993, that helped to pave the way for an IRA ceasefire in August 1994.

scholarly journals DeepLMS: a deep learning predictive model for supporting online learning in the Covid-19 era

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia B. Dias ◽  
Sofia J. Hadjileontiadou ◽  
José Diniz ◽  
Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Plans ◽  
First Time

AbstractCoronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has imposed a complete shut-down of face-to-face teaching to universities and schools, forcing a crash course for online learning plans and technology for students and faculty. In the midst of this unprecedented crisis, video conferencing platforms (e.g., Zoom, WebEx, MS Teams) and learning management systems (LMSs), like Moodle, Blackboard and Google Classroom, are being adopted and heavily used as online learning environments (OLEs). However, as such media solely provide the platform for e-interaction, effective methods that can be used to predict the learner’s behavior in the OLEs, which should be available as supportive tools to educators and metacognitive triggers to learners. Here we show, for the first time, that Deep Learning techniques can be used to handle LMS users’ interaction data and form a novel predictive model, namely DeepLMS, that can forecast the quality of interaction (QoI) with LMS. Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, DeepLMS results in average testing Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) $$<0.009$$ < 0.009 , and average correlation coefficient between ground truth and predicted QoI values $$r\ge 0.97$$ r ≥ 0.97 $$(p<0.05)$$ ( p < 0.05 ) , when tested on QoI data from one database pre- and two ones during-Covid-19 pandemic. DeepLMS personalized QoI forecasting scaffolds user’s online learning engagement and provides educators with an evaluation path, additionally to the content-related assessment, enriching the overall view on the learners’ motivation and participation in the learning process.

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