Sensitivity of land-atmosphere coupling strength to perturbations of early-morning temperature and moisture profiles in the European summer

Land-atmosphere coupling can have a crucial impact on convective initiation. Yet, uncertainty remains in the analyses of the atmospheric segment of the coupling between land surface wetness and the triggering of deep moist convection, particularly over Europe. One reason for this is a lack of suitable data. To overcome this limitation, we perturb early-morning temperature and moisture profiles from a regional climate simulation covering the period 1986–2015 over Europe to create a spread in atmospheric conditions. Applying the ‘Convective Triggering Potential – low-level Humidity Index’ framework, we analyze whether and how strongly the coupling strength and the predominance of positive versus negative feedbacks are sensitive to modifications in the atmospheric conditions. The results show that the hotspot region in northeastern Europe, in which strong feedbacks are likely to occur, is insensitive to temperature and moisture changes, but the number of potential feedback days varies by up to 20 days per season in dependence of the atmospheric background conditions. Temperature modifications rather control differences in the coupling strength in the north of the domain, while moisture changes dominant the control in the south. In the north of the hotspot region, a predominance for positive feedbacks (deep convection over wet soils) remains, but a switch of the dominant feedback class between positive feedbacks and a transition zone (convection over any soil, but usually shallow convection) occurred from the Alps to around the Black Sea. This indicates a dependence of the dominant feedback class on temperature and relative humidity in this region.

Adaptation of imported goats to the natural climate conditions of Uzbekistan

This research was intended to determine clinical signs and morphological features of blood in the adaptation of imported goat breeds in dairy farming to local climatic conditions, and to establish the formation of new farms in Uzbekistan. The analysis of the clinical condition of the goats during the study showed that changes in weather temperature during the seasons also affected their heart rate. The average heart rate of males in the summer was 63.3-63.5 times, respectively, in the spring - 63.3-63.9 times, in the winter and autumn, it was 63.3-63.4 times. Although there were differences in the respiration of the heifers because of the seasons and their age, they remained at the level of the physiological norm. When the body temperature of young females was observed in the winter, spring, summer and autumn, in the summer, the daytime temperature was 0.4-0.7 °C higher than the morning temperature, and in the evening the air temperature decreased again. The body temperature of young females averaged 39.2 °C in groups in summer, 38.8 °C in spring, 38.9 °C in autumn, and 39.0 °C in winter. Clinical cases of young goats were observed during the study.

Influence of weather conditions on children's school travel mode and physical activity in three diverse regions of Canada

Children who engage in active school transportation (AST) have higher levels of physical activity (PA). Climate and weather were shown to influence adults' daily travel behaviours, but their influence on children's AST and PA has been less examined. This study examined the influence of weather conditions on children’s active school transportation (AST) and overall physical activity (PA). Children in grades 4 to 6 (N=1,699; 10.2 ± 1.0 years old) were recruited in schools located in urban, suburban and rural areas, stratified by area-level socioeconomic status (SES), in three different regions of Canada (Trois-Rivières, Québec; Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia). Mode of school travel was self-reported and physical activity was measured using a pedometer. We used publicly available data on total precipitation and early morning temperature. AST increased with temperature only among girls. Daily precipitation was negatively associated with boys’ and girls’ PA while warmer temperature was associated with increased PA on weekend days. We also observed that season and region moderated the relationship between weather conditions and children’s physical activity behaviors. Our results suggest that daily weather variations influence children’s AST and PA to a greater extent than seasonal variations. Interventions designed to help children and families adapt to weather-related barriers to AST and PA are needed. Novelty bullets • In Canada, weather conditions may influence children’s active behaviors daily. • Associations between weather conditions, choice of travel mode and physical activity vary by gender, season, and region. • Weather affects children's PA differently during the week than on weekends.

Frekuensi Nafas dan Pulsus Ular Sanca Batik (Malayopython reticulatus) Lokalitas Jawa

Reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) java locality is highly demand as pet animal. Respiratory and pulse rate were important physiological data needed for diagnostic references. The aim of this research was to study the repiratory and pulse rate on Java M. reticulatus. Thirthy healthy adult Java M. reticulatus were used in this study. The respiratory rate recorded by counting inspiratory and expiratory movement of the thorax for one minute and pulse rate recorded by heart palpation for one minute, measured at 6-8 AM and at 4-6 PM for five consecutive days. Temperature and humidity were record as secondary data. The data were analyzed using independent t-Test. The respiratory rate in this study recorded in the morning ranged 5-48 breaths/minute averaging 20 breaths/minute and in the evening ranged 7-49 breaths/minute averaging 24 breaths/minute. The pulse rate in the morning ranged 21-68 beats per minute (bpm) averaging 45.5 bpm and in the evening ranged 40-82 bpm averaging 56 bpm. Totally, M. reticulatus having the respiratory rate 5-49 breaths/minute and pulse rate 21-82 bpm. The morning temperature ranged 25-27oC and the evening 26-27.5oC. The range of morning and evening air humidity is 66-75% and 65-70% respectively. The results showed that the comparison of respiratory rate (R) and pulse rate (P) were in normal range namely 1:2.25 in the morning and 1:2.33 in the evening. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between morning and evening respiratory rate and no significant effect (P>0.05) of temperature and humidity on respiratory and pulse rate. It could be concluded that healthy adult Java M. reticulatus has a respiratory rate 5-49 breaths/minute dan pulse rate 21-82 bpm.

Kajian Teknis Faktor Abiotik pada Embung Bekas Galian Tanah Liat PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk. untuk Pemanfaatan Budidaya Ikan dengan Teknologi KJA [Technical Study of Abiotic Factors in Clay Embankment Used at PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk for Utilization of Fish Cultivation with KJA Technology]

AbstrakEmbung adalah bekas galian tanah liat dari penambangan di PT. Semen Indonesia yang dimanfaatkan oleh warga sekitar sebagai sumber pengairan pada kegiatan dan tempat budidaya ikan dengan sistem Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA). Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk melakukan kajian teknis faktor abiotik embung bekas galian tanah liat PT. Semen Indonesia untuk budidaya perikanan dengan teknologi KJA. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data survei yang dianalisa menggunakan WQI min dengan data diperoleh berupa kualitas air (suhu, pH, DO dan kecerahan). Hasil penelitian suhu pagi hari pada ke empat titik pengambilan sampel berkisar 32,3 – 32,7°C dan siang hari berkisar 32,7 - 33°C(kurang layak), pH pagi hari 8 – 8,1 siang hari 7,9 – 8 (layak), dissolved oxygen (DO) pagi hari 5,6 – 6,2 ppm, siang hari 6,1 – 6,7 ppm (layak) dan kecerahan pagi hari 69,6 – 78.7 cm, siang hari 61,6 – 77 cm (layak) dengan mengacu pada standar kualitas air PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 dan BBPBAT (2010). Berdasarkan hasil analisa faktor abiotik tersebut, maka direkomendasikan jenis ikan nila dapat dibudidayakan di embung bekas galian semen dengan teknologi KJA. AbstractEmbung is a former excavation of clay from mining at PT. Semen Indonesia is used by local residents as a source of irrigation in activities and fish farming sites using the floating net cage system (KJA). The purpose of this study was to conduct a technical study of abiotic factors used for clay excavation of PT. Semen Indonesia for aquaculture with KJA technology. The research method used the descriptive method with survey data collection analyzed using WQI min with data obtained in the form of water quality (temperature, pH, DO and brightness). The results of the morning temperature study at the four sampling points ranged from 32.3 - 32.7C and daytime ranged from 32.7 - 33 ° C (less feasible), morning pH 8 - 8.1 during the day 7.9 - 8 (feasible), dissolved oxygen (DO) in the morning 5.6 - 6.2 ppm, daytime 6.1 - 6.7 ppm (feasible) and morning brightness 69.6 - 78.7 cm, daytime 61, 6 - 77 cm (feasible) with reference to water quality standards PP No. 82 of 2001 and BBPBAT (2010). Based on the results of the analysis of the abiotic factor, it is recommended that the type of tilapia can be cultivated in used cement excavated ponds with KJA technology.

Design of Monitoring System for Measuring the Impact of Light Intensity of Artificial Lights on Human Circadian Cycles in Web-Based Inpatient Rooms

Light is a source of energy that is needed in human life. In hospitals, artificial lighting is very necessary, especially in operating rooms that are impermeable to natural light and must be sterile from room bacteria. Artificial light exposure that does not meet the SNI standard for room lighting causes various problems. Therefore, in this study, a tool to control the intensity of artificial light according to the SNI standard in hospitals was designed. This research uses measurement, calculation and comparison methods. The first measurement is to measure the value of the light intensity of the lamp, then measure the temperature value in the room, the last one is to sterilize the room bacteria. From these measurements, values ??are obtained to be compared in reaching conclusions. From this research, it can be concluded that the monitoring system with the LDR light sensor can read the value of the light intensity properly according to the digital lux meter in the morning at 400 lux, 200 lux in the daytime, and 120 lux at night. Then the DHT-11 sensor can read the temperature value in the room according to the HTC comparison with the morning temperature is 25 degrees, daytime 29 degrees, afternoon 27 days, and night is 24 degrees. To help kill room bacteria, a Utraviolet lamp is used with a light for 2 hours in the morning.

Trade-Off between Foraging Activity and Infestation by Nest Parasites in the Primitively Eusocial BeeHalictus scabiosae

Diurnal activities ofHalictus scabiosaebees and their nest parasites (major bee-flies, cuckoo wasps, ichneumon wasps,Sphecodesbees, and velvet ants) were investigated at a study site with 159 nests in Eastern Austria. Foraging activity correlated with ambient temperature only before midday and decreased in the afternoon. The activity of nest-infesting parasites increased during the day and correlated with ambient temperature. The match factorfmbetween the ratios of the foraging activities ofH. scabiosaeand the ratios of aspects of morning temperature was assessed on three consecutive days with different weather. The activity patterns of halictine bees and their nest parasites differed: the parasites exhibited only small time windows in which their activities were synchronised with those of their hosts. The bees exhibited an anticyclic behaviour and collected food in times of low parasite pressure and decreased foraging activity when parasite pressure increased.