Women and Housing Assets in the Context of Japan's Home-owning Democracy

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSUKE HIRAYAMA ◽  
MISA IZUHARA
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asset Portfolio ◽  
Housing Assets

AbstractDespite the fact that women's rights have been increasingly defined as equal to men's in law and policy, in post-Second World War Japan women continue to be at a disadvantage in many aspects of social and economic life. Drawing from a survey of 2,205 Japanese women, this article focuses in particular on women's home ownership as a new catalyst behind increasing social stratification in Japan. The women's experiences are closely linked to Japan's institutional ‘familism’: the development of social policy that has been explicitly connected to the male-breadwinner model. We argue that a wide range of institutional and policy practices – mortgage provision, property ownership, social security and taxation and labour market mechanisms – has combined to define the housing asset status of women. We discuss the women's current housing asset portfolio, and also recent socio-economic changes that have begun to redefine their position in a home-owning society. The case of Japan – a patriarchal but shifting home-owning democracy – contributes to our understanding of the contemporary dynamics of women's interaction between family, work and housing in the institutional context.

scholarly journals Housing wealth inequality in urban China: the transition from welfare allocation to market differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunling Li ◽  
Yiming Fan
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Institutional Effect ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Housing Assets

Abstract The differentiation of housing assets is an important embodiment of wealth inequality and is also an important dimension of social stratification. The housing distribution in China has experienced a transition from welfare allocation to market distribution over the decades. This process has led to a change in the housing stratification mechanism and widened housing wealth inequality, which has evoked theoretical disputes about “market transition,” “power persistence,” and “power derivation.” Based on the 2017 Chinese Social Survey (CSS), this article examines the housing wealth inequality in urban China and probes the major drivers of housing stratification. The results suggest that with the progress of housing marketization, market mechanisms have replaced the original socialist redistribution mechanisms and have become the major drivers of housing wealth inequality. However, some of the original socialist institutional arrangements continue to have strong effects on housing wealth inequality. The persisting institutional effect may provide a new perspective for exploring housing wealth inequality in contemporary urban China.

scholarly journals A Tale of Odds and Ratios: Political Preference Formation in Postindustrial Democracies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wineroither ◽  
Rudolf Metz
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Preference Formation ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis report surveys four approaches that are pivotal to the study of preference formation: (a) the range, validity, and theoretical foundations of explanations of political preferences at the individual and mass levels, (b) the exploration of key objects of preference formation attached to the democratic political process (i.e., voting in competitive elections), (c) the top-down vs. bottom-up character of preference formation as addressed in leader–follower studies, and (d) gene–environment interaction and the explanatory weight of genetic predisposition against the cumulative weight of social experiences.In recent years, our understanding of sites and processes of (individual) political-preference formation has substantially improved. First, this applies to a greater variety of objects that provide fresh insight into the functioning and stability of contemporary democracy. Second, we observe the reaffirmation of pivotal theories and key concepts in adapted form against widespread challenge. This applies to the role played by social stratification, group awareness, and individual-level economic considerations. Most of these findings converge in recognising economics-based explanations. Third, research into gene–environment interplay rapidly increases the number of testable hypotheses and promises to benefit a wide range of approaches already taken and advanced in the study of political-preference formation.

scholarly journals Universities’ Intellectual Capital Report: The Formation Concept, Analytical Capabilities under Stakeholders Management Decisions-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
A. A. Vakhrushina ◽  
M. A. Vakhrushina
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Management Accounting Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Russian Universities

The modern trends in the socio-economic life, educational and research spheres lead to the increased attention of universities to the more effective management of available resources, as well as high-quality and relevant disclosure of information in their public reporting to the interested parties. Under the circumstances, the intellectual capital (IC) components become key objects in the management accounting systems, and the IC report may become one of the main engines to achieve the transparent information which can raise the interest of stakeholders. The analysis of this practice clarified the discussion points and helped to develop conceptual guidelines for the preparation of the IC report for Russian universities. There have been used the following methods to solve the problem, such as quantitative-systematic analysis, semantic grouping of results and logical relationships. The developed methodology for analyzing the report on IC universities has a certain practical importance. Such methodology also includes methods of financial and management analysis. The formulated recommendations are intended for a wide range of stakeholders, the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science and higher education institutions.

The post-primary education of non-academic boys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
H. L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Large Section ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fresh Impetus ◽  
Physically Handicapped

This thesis is an attempt to examine what is probably the greatest single problem in New Zealand education; the problem of the non-academic child in the New Zealand post-primary school. It is an urgent problem, on the solution of which depends the welfare of a large section of our post-primary population. Our post-primary schools have gradually ceased to be selective and must now cater for an adolescent age group which omits only the most mentally defective and the most physically handicapped. This movement towards "secondary education for all" received fresh impetus in 1944 when the minimum school leaving age was raised to fifteen years. During the last eight years, post-primary schools have been faced with an increasing number of new entrants of a wide range of intelligence and .ability. Among these are found pupils who, under an earlier education system, would never have entered the door of a secondary school. The requirements of the Proficiency examination would have eliminated some, economic factors would have debarred others. Many would have found in a job the success and satisfaction which they had never achieved in a school. Now, as a result of educational and economic changes, these pupils are legally compelled to remain at school until they reach the age of fifteen years. The practice of social promotion in the primary school has resulted in most of these adolescents entering a post-primary school at thirteen, fourteen or fifteen years of age. These are the pupils wbo have been commonly labelled "non-academic".

Anti-sage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Culliney ◽  
David Jones
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
New York University ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Politics And Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Chapter 10 proceeds in light of our suggestion that sagely behavior is freely chosen, benign, yet powerful, and seeks cooperation in the world in ways that are positive, progressive, nurturing, and constructive in nature. This chapter, however, accounts for people who have been gifted with or have assiduously developed powers of rapport or charisma, achieving notable fractal congruence in the social, political, or economic life of institutions or communities but who have gone the other way. This phenomenon over a wide range of scale can elevate those who become destructive or aggrandizing to the ultimate detriment of society. Numerous followers can gravitate to the kind of socially-fractally-adept individual that we call an anti-sage. The chapter discusses examples of the antisage phenomenon in cults and terrorist organizations such as the People’s Temple and Aum Shinrykyo. In this narrative pertinent expressions of human selfness include: Protean self vs. fundamentalist self and parochial altruism. Also explored are politics and government, notably the administration of George W. Bush, creed-based religions, particularly Christianity and Islam, and aggrandizement in educational administration, such as that of John Sexton’s presidency of New York University.

Community College Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Uttam Gaulee
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
National Economies

The idea of community colleges serves to disrupt elitism in higher education by countering social stratification that is created and maintained by conventional models of education around the world. At a time when countries seek to redefine their education policies towards stabilization, prosperity, and democratization of opportunities, the idea of community college offers a powerful connective solution to community, industry, and national economies. The powerful but flexible idea of community college infrastructure is open for adaptations through a wide range of unique economic contexts around the world.

Economic Impact of Digital Media

2018 ◽  
pp. 1262-1292
Author(s):  
George L. Boggs
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Educational

Digitization by computers, like steam power and internal combustion, is widely recognized as a pervasive, disruptive engine powering new ways of living and affecting all aspects of economic life. Research on its economic impact cannot be entirely disentangled from powerful cultural stories connecting technological, educational, and economic progress. As cracks appear in the narratives of constant progress through technology, science, civilization, and economic prosperity, research on the economic impact of digital media develops nuance. This review of literature examines a wide range of perspectives on the economic impact of digital media as a basis for suggesting areas of further research and implications for education, civic, engagement, and policy.

scholarly journals Both Parents Working: Challenges and Strains in Managing the Reconciliation of Career and Family Life in Dual-Career Families. Empirical Evidence from Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlinde Mauerer
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Male Breadwinner

The presented empirical data analysis aims to shed light on the persistence of gender inequalities in sharing parenting responsibilities and addresses possible improvements for realising gender equality. In recent decades, family policies in the European Union have targeted the increase of men’s shares in parental leave (= paternal leave) as well as women’s participation in the labour market. Following the results of the Lisbon Treaty in 2000, many EU member states including Austria introduced non-transferable fathers’ quotas in their regulations on parental leave. Subsequently, the share of men on parental leave increased. Nevertheless, both in number and duration, men’s childcare allowance claims have remained lower than women’s claims. This paper investigates shared parental leave practices based on 36 interviews with fathers on paternal leave, and 14 follow-up interviews with parents after paternal leave. The qualitative data reveal the challenges that arise when both parents are faced with reconciling work and family during and after parental leave. Although the data showed that progress has been made in reducing gender inequality, the interviews make clear that employers’ attitudes perpetuate traditional gendered expectations of parental leave claims and still focus on images of a male breadwinner. Also, the distribution of gainful and family work reveals gender inequalities. The paper therefore discusses challenges that arise in the realisation of current gender and family policies in order to provide a basis for making changes that further enhance the opportunities for dual-career couples within the organisation of parental leave laws.

A Role-Based Approach to Adult Development: The Triple-Helix Model

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne McCreary Juhasz
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Journey ◽  
Role Based ◽  
Career Options

The triple-helix role model presented in this article offers a synthesized developmental approach to the understanding and study of adulthood. It incorporates three major roles: family, work, and self, each powered by the drive for self-esteem. This conceptualization of adult development processes accommodates a wide range of possible patterns and varied timing of life events relative to career options, family and relationship choices, and emphasis on self-development. Because it is becoming increasingly difficult to designate with certainty age-stage periods, the triple-helix role model is proposed as a different frame of reference for the perception of acceptable developmental progress. It could offer insight into the complexities of adults' lives and free us from the restriction of viewing the life journey as “on or off time,” “in or out of harmony,” “normal or abnormal.”

scholarly journals Supported Home Ownership and Adult Independence in Milan: The Gilded Cage of Family Housing Gifts and Transfers

Sociology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia KC Manzo ◽  
Oana Druta ◽  
Richard Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Life Course Transitions ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Housing Assets

This article analyses practices of intergenerational support for homeownership among different generations of families in Milan, Italy, highlighting the role of housing in family welfare relations and life-course transitions. It makes use of an original dataset of qualitative interviews investigating homeownership pathways and the negotiations of support that they pre-suppose. The article explores the meanings and moral reasoning behind the decision to accept (or not) support in context of contemporary discourses surrounding the liquidity and availability of housing and finance. It highlights the moral compromises and emotional negotiations inherent in the giving and receiving of support for housing, contributing to a body of literature concerned with the reproduction of home and family. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of homes and housing assets in mediating dependence and re-affirming family bonds within a family-oriented welfare context, despite conflict, resistance and frustrated aspirations.

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