scholarly journals Internal structure and rotation of the Sun: First results from the MDI data

1997 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
A.G. Kosovichev ◽  
J. Schou ◽  
P.H. Scherrer ◽  
R.S. Bogart ◽  
R.I. Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Convective Boundary ◽  
Doppler Imager ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Oscillation Modes ◽  
First Results ◽  
Sharp Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Results

The Medium-l Program of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on board SOHO provides continuous observations of oscillation modes of angular degree, l, from 0 to ∼ 300. The initial results show that the noise in the Medium-l oscillation power spectrum is substantially lower than in ground-based measurements. This enables us to detect lower amplitude modes and, thus, to extend the range of measured mode frequencies. The MDI observations also reveal the asymmetry of oscillation spectral lines. The line asymmetries agree with the theory of mode excitation by acoustic sources localized in the upper convective boundary layer. The sound-speed profile inferred from the mean frequencies gives evidence for a sharp variation at the edge of the energy-generating core. In a thin layer just beneath the convection zone, helium appears to be less abundant than predicted by theory. Inverting the multiplet frequency splittings from MDI, we detect significant rotational shear in this thin layer.

Cohesive explicitness and explicitation in an English-German translation corpus

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Hansen-Schirra ◽  
Stella Neumann ◽  
Erich Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Lexical Cohesion ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Multilingual Communication ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Research Architecture

Explicitness or implicitness as assumed properties of translated texts and other texts in multilingual communication have for some time been the object of speculation and, at a later stage, of more systematic research in linguistics and translation studies. This paper undertakes an investigation of explicitness/implicitness and related phenomena of translated texts on the level of cohesion. A corpus-based research architecture, embedded in an empirical research methodology, will be outlined, and first results and possible explanations will be discussed. The paper starts with a terminological clarification of the concepts of ‘explicitness’ and ‘explicitation’ in terms of dependent variables to be investigated. The two terms — and their usage by other scholars — will be discussed. An electronic corpus will then be described which provides the empirical data and techniques for information extraction. For the investigation carried out using our corpus, indicators will then be derived on the basis of which operationalizations and hypotheses can be formulated for patterns of explicitation occurring between source and target texts. Some initial results relating to cohesive explicitness and explicitation in the data will be presented and discussed, with particular attention being paid to the areas of ‘reference’, ‘substitution‘, ‘ellipsis’, ‘conjunction’, and ‘lexical cohesion’. First attempts will also be made at explaining the findings.

Creation of physiologic rhythm by closed loop stimulation in heart failure patients with severe chronotropic incompetence: worldwide first results of a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Proff ◽  
B Merkely ◽  
R Papp ◽  
C Lenz ◽  
P.J Nordbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Chronotropic Incompetence ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) in heart failure (HF) population is high and negatively impacts prognosis. In HF patients with an implanted cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) device and severe CI, the effect of rate adaptive pacing on patient outcomes is unclear. Closed loop stimulation (CLS) based on cardiac impedance measurement may be an optimal method of heart rate adaptation according to metabolic need in HF patients with severe CI. Purpose This is the first study evaluating the effect of CLS on the established prognostic parameters assessed by the cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing and on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Methods A randomised, controlled, double-blind and crossover pilot study has been performed in CRT patients with severe CI defined as the inability to achieve 70% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR). After baseline assessment, patients were randomised to either DDD-CLS pacing (group 1) or DDD pacing at 40 bpm (group 2) for a 1-month period, followed by crossover for another month. At baseline and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups, a CPX was performed and QoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The main endpoints were the effect of CLS on ventilatory efficiency (VE) slope (evaluated by an independent CPX expert), the responder rate defined as an improvement (decrease) of the VE slope by at least 5%, percentage of maximal predicted heart rate reserve (HRR) achieved, and QoL. Results Of the 36 patients enrolled in the study, 20 fulfilled the criterion for severe CI and entered the study follow-up (mean age 68.9±7.4 years, 70% men, LVEF=41.8±9.3%, 40%/60% NYHA class II/III). Full baseline and follow-up datasets were obtained in 17 patients. The mean VE slope and HRR at baseline were 34.4±4.4 and 49.6±23.8%, respectively, in group 1 (n=7) and 34.5±12.2 and 54.2±16.1% in group 2 (n=10). After completing the 2-month CPX, the mean difference between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 modes was −2.4±8.3 (group 1) and −1.2±3.5 (group 2) for VE slope, and 17.1±15.5% (group 1) and 8.7±18.8% (group 2) for HRR. Altogether, VE slope improved by −1.8±2.95 (p=0.31) in DDD-CLS versus DDD-40, and HRR improved by 12.9±8.8% (p=0.01). The VE slope decreased by ≥5% in 47% of patients (“responders to CLS”). The mean difference in the QoL between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 was 0.16±0.25 in group 1 and −0.01±0.05 in group 2, resulting in an overall increase by 0.08±0.08 in the DDD-CLS mode (p=0.13). Conclusion First results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of CLS in CRT patients with severe CI revealed that CLS generated an overall positive effect on well-established surrogate parameters for prognosis. About one half of the patients showed CLS response in terms of improved VE slope. In addition, CLS improved quality of life. Further clinical research is needed to identify predictors that can increase the responder rate and to confirm improvement in clinical outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biotronik SE & Co. KG

scholarly journals Radial variation of whistler-mode chorus: first results from the STAFF/DWP instrument on board the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2937-2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Santolík ◽  
E. Macúšová ◽  
K. H. Yearby ◽  
N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin ◽  
H. StC. K. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Cyclotron Frequency ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Double Star ◽  
Electron Cyclotron ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Whistler Mode ◽  
Electron Cyclotron Frequency ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract. We use the first measurements of the STAFF/DWP instrument on the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft to investigate whistler-mode chorus. We present initial results of a systematic study on radial variation of dawn chorus. The chorus events show an increased intensity at L parameter above 6. This is important for the possible explanation of intensifications of chorus, which were previously observed closer to the Earth at higher latitudes. Our results also indicate that the upper band of chorus at frequencies above one-half of the electron cyclotron frequency disappears for L above 8. The lower band of chorus is observed at frequencies below 0.4 of the electron cyclotron frequency up to L of 11-12. The maxima of the chorus power spectra are found at slightly lower frequencies compared to previous studies. We do not observe any distinct evolution of the position of the chorus frequency band as a function of L. More data of the TC-1 spacecraft are needed to verify these initial results and to increase the MLT coverage.

scholarly journals An updated Type II supernova Hubble diagram

2018 ◽  
Vol 611 ◽  
pp. A25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. E. Gall ◽  
R. Kotak ◽  
B. Leibundgut ◽  
S. Taubenberger ◽  
W. Hillebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Balmer Line ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dependent Relation ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Distance Indicators ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Current Record ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
The Continuum

We present photometry and spectroscopy of nine Type II-P/L supernovae (SNe) with redshifts in the 0.045 ≲ z ≲ 0.335 range, with a view to re-examining their utility as distance indicators. Specifically, we apply the expanding photosphere method (EPM) and the standardized candle method (SCM) to each target, and find that both methods yield distances that are in reasonable agreement with each other. The current record-holder for the highest-redshift spectroscopically confirmed supernova (SN) II-P is PS1-13bni (z = 0.335−0.012+0.009), and illustrates the promise of Type II SNe as cosmological tools. We updated existing EPM and SCM Hubble diagrams by adding our sample to those previously published. Within the context of Type II SN distance measuring techniques, we investigated two related questions. First, we explored the possibility of utilising spectral lines other than the traditionally used Fe iiλ5169 to infer the photospheric velocity of SN ejecta. Using local well-observed objects, we derive an epoch-dependent relation between the strong Balmer line and Fe iiλ5169 velocities that is applicable 30 to 40 days post-explosion. Motivated in part by the continuum of key observables such as rise time and decline rates exhibited from II-P to II-L SNe, we assessed the possibility of using Hubble-flow Type II-L SNe as distance indicators. These yield similar distances as the Type II-P SNe. Although these initial results are encouraging, a significantly larger sample of SNe II-L would be required to draw definitive conclusions.

Onset of energy equipartition among surface and body waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2246) ◽  
pp. 20200775
Author(s):  
L. Borcea ◽  
J. Garnier ◽  
K. Sølna
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Transfer Equation ◽  
Radiative Transfer Equation ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Energy Equipartition ◽  
The Mean

We derive a radiative transfer equation that accounts for coupling from surface waves to body waves and the other way around. The model is the acoustic wave equation in a two-dimensional waveguide with reflecting boundary. The waveguide has a thin, weakly randomly heterogeneous layer near the top surface, and a thick homogeneous layer beneath it. There are two types of modes that propagate along the axis of the waveguide: those that are almost trapped in the thin layer, and thus model surface waves, and those that penetrate deep in the waveguide, and thus model body waves. The remaining modes are evanescent waves. We introduce a mathematical theory of mode coupling induced by scattering in the thin layer, and derive a radiative transfer equation which quantifies the mean mode power exchange. We study the solution of this equation in the asymptotic limit of infinite width of the waveguide. The main result is a quantification of the rate of convergence of the mean mode powers toward equipartition.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) in the treatment of anal fistula: initial results

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Danilo Tanahara TOMIYOSHI ◽  
Carlos Henrique Marques DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Anorectal Manometry ◽  
Fistulous Tract ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Intersphincteric Fistula ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Results

BACKGROUND: The abscesses and anal fistulas represent about 70% of perianal suppuration, with an estimated incidence of 1/10000 inhabitants per year and representing 5% of queries in coloproctology. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the interesphincteric ligation technique of the fistulous tract in the treatment of anal fistula. METHODS: The records of eight patients who underwent this technique, evaluating age, gender and presence of incontinence were studied. Was named technical first-step the passage of cotton thread to promote the correct individualization of the fistula and, as the second, the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Two patients were men and eight women. The mean age was 42.8 years. Of these, seven (87.5%) had complete healing of the fistula; six were cured only with this procedure and one required additional operation with simple fistulotomy. Only one patient developed fecal incontinence which was documented by anorectal manometry. There were no deaths in this series. CONCLUSION: The interesphincteric ligation technique of the fistulous tract proved to be effective for the treatment of anal fistula and should not be discouraged despite the occurrence of eventual fecal incontinence.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF SEDIMENT SUSPENSION IN COMBINATIONS OF WAVES AND CURRENTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
J. Kirkegarrd Jensen ◽  
Torben Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Sediment Suspension ◽  
Calculated Concentration ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Good Agreement

The paper describes a procedure for obtaining field data on the mean concentration of sediments in combination of waves and currents outside the breaker zone, as well as some results of such measurements. It is assumed that the current turbulence alone is responsible for the maintenance of the concentration profile above a thin layer close to the bottom, in which pick-up of sediments due to wave agitation takes place. This assumption gives a good agreement between field data and calculated concentration profiles.

scholarly journals Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3221-3233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Behrendt ◽  
Volker Wulfmeyer ◽  
Christoph Senff ◽  
Shravan Kumar Muppa ◽  
Florian Späth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Flux Divergence ◽  
Convective Boundary ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. We present the first measurement of the sensible heat flux (H) profile in the convective boundary layer (CBL) derived from the covariance of collocated vertical-pointing temperature rotational Raman lidar and Doppler wind lidar measurements. The uncertainties of the H measurements due to instrumental noise and limited sampling are also derived and discussed. Simultaneous measurements of the latent heat flux profile (L) and other turbulent variables were obtained with the combination of water-vapor differential absorption lidar (WVDIAL) and Doppler lidar. The case study uses a measurement example from the HOPE (HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment) campaign, which took place in western Germany in 2013 and presents a cloud-free well-developed quasi-stationary CBL. The mean boundary layer height zi was at 1230 m above ground level. The results show – as expected – positive values of H in the middle of the CBL. A maximum of (182±32) W m−2, with the second number for the noise uncertainty, is found at 0.5 zi. At about 0.7 zi, H changes sign to negative values above. The entrainment flux was (-62±27) W m−2. The mean sensible heat flux divergence in the observed part of the CBL above 0.3 zi was −0.28 W m−3, which corresponds to a warming of 0.83 K h−1. The L profile shows a slight positive mean flux divergence of 0.12 W m−3 and an entrainment flux of (214±36) W m−2. The combination of H and L profiles in combination with variance and other turbulent parameters is very valuable for the evaluation of large-eddy simulation (LES) results and the further improvement and validation of turbulence parameterization schemes.

Injectivity in Equational Classes of Algebras

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Day
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Groups ◽  
Essential Extension ◽  
Boolean Algebras ◽  
Equational Class ◽  
Injective Hull ◽  
Fundamental Notion ◽  
First Results ◽  
Initial Results

The concept of injectivity in classes of algebras can be traced back to Baer's initial results for Abelian groups and modules in [1]. The first results in non-module types of algebras appeared when Halmos [14] described the injective Boolean algebras using Sikorski's lemma on extensions of Boolean homomorphisms [19]. In recent years, there have been several results (see references) describing the injective algebras in other particular equational classes of algebras.In [10], Eckmann and Schopf introduced the fundamental notion of essential extension and gave the basic relations that this concept had with injectivity in the equational class of all modules over a given ring. They developed the notion of an injective hull (or envelope) which provided every module with a minimal injective extension or equivalently, a maximal essential extension. In [6] and [9], it was noted that these relationships hold in any equational class with enough injectives.

scholarly journals Measurement of Magnetic-Field Strengths in Molecular Clouds: Detection of OH Line Zeeman Splitting

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
I. Kazès ◽  
R. M. Crutcher ◽  
T. H. Troland
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Stokes Parameter ◽  
Zeeman Splitting ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
First Results ◽  
Extended Program ◽  
Interstellar Molecular Clouds ◽  
Field Strengths

We report here the first results of an extended program to measure magnetic-field strengths in interstellar molecular clouds. The very large radio telescope located near Nancay, France, has been used to measure the Stokes-parameter I and V spectra of the 1665 and 1667 MHz lines of OH in emission and in absorption from extended (non-masing) molecular clouds. Signals in the V spectra are produced by Zeeman splitting of the spectral lines; we derive magnetic-field strengths or limits from these data.

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