scholarly journals Dark Matter in Triple Galaxies

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Statistical Estimation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Galaxy Groups ◽  
Common Envelope ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Homogeneous Ensemble

On the basis of numerical simulation of the dynamics of triplets of galaxies, virial estimation of the individual masses of triplets is shown to be unreliable because of their strong nonsteadiness and projection effects: the spread in estimates due to these two factors reaches 2 orders of magnitude. However, the mass of a typical small galaxy group can be estimated statistically, from data on a whole homogeneous ensemble of groups. We propose two different methods of such statistical estimation. Triplets of galaxies offer a good opportunity to measure the amount of dark matter in them, especially because one can use the extensive data set on triplets by Karachentsev et al. (1989). The mass estimates we obtain for the typical group from the Karachentsev's list have more than 5 times excess compared to the visible mass, when a standard mass-to-light ratio is assumed. The typical masses of loose triple galaxies selected from Huchra & Geller (1982) and Maia et al. (1989) catalogues of galaxy groups are also estimated as ≈ 21ML and ≈ 100ML correspondingly. The influence of dark matter distributed in the common envelope on the dynamical properties and the merging rate in small galaxy groups are also considered. It is found that the significant dark matter makes motion of galaxies in groups more stocastic, increases the number of close double approaches between galaxies and increases slightly the merging rate. At the same time, the dark matter significantly decreases the number of long-lived temporary binary subsystems formed inside triplets.

scholarly journals Collaboration between the Conscious and the Unconscious: A Jungian Analysis of the Negotiation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Kasia Jagodzinska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Business Professionals ◽  
Transcendent Function ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Jungian Analysis ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Secondary Result ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

The common approach to the negotiation process focuses on the external manifestation of the interaction between two parties who are trying to reach a satisfactory agreement. This view does not take into account the internal drivers of behavior of the involved parties. The externalized dynamic between the negotiators is only the secondary result of the interplay between the conscious and unconscious elements in the psyche of both parties. The condition of a long-lasting agreement is therefore a collaboration between the conscious and unconscious representation on the individual level. This article examines the transcendent function as a union between the conscious and the unconscious, specifically the ego and the self. It focuses on the tendencies of these two factors that can either hinder or make the transition of energy possible in view of reaching a successful manifested agreement. The study provides a straightforward reference that can be used by analysts and business professionals to help them understand what are the psychological aspects that affect the negotiation process, both on the individual and on the collective level.

scholarly journals Speaking with one voice: simulations and observations discuss the common envelope α parameter

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (2) ◽  
pp. 2550-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Iaconi ◽  
Orsola De Marco
Keyword(s):  
Binary Interaction ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Recombination Energy ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Common Envelope ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT We present a comparative study between the results of most hydrodynamic simulations of the common envelope binary interaction to date and observations of post-common envelope binaries. The goal is to evaluate whether this data set indicates the existence of a formula that may predict final separations of post-common envelope systems as a function of pre-common envelope parameters. Some of our conclusions are not surprising while others are more subtle. We find that: (i) Values of the final orbital separation derived from common envelope simulations must at this time be considered upper limits. Simulations that include recombination energy do not seem to have systematically different final separations; these and other simulations imply αCE < 0.6–1.0. At least one simulation, applicable to double-degenerate systems, implies αCE < 0.2. (ii) Despite large reconstruction errors, the post-RGB observations reconstructed parameters are in agreement with some of the simulations. The post-AGB observations behave instead as if they had a systematically lower value of αCE. The lack of common envelope simulations with low-mass AGB stars leaves us with no insight as to why this is the case. (iii) The smallest mass companion that survives the common envelope with intermediate mass giants is 0.05–0.1 M⊙. (iv) Observations of binaries with separations larger than ∼10 R⊙, tend to have high M2/M1 mass ratios and may go through a relatively long phase of unstable Roche lobe mass transfer followed by a weakened common envelope (or with no common envelope at all). (v) The effect of the spatial resolution and of the softening length on simulation results remains poorly quantified.

Assessing Similarity of Meaning at the Individual and Country Level

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fons J.R. Van de Vijver ◽  
David Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

The question was addressed as to whether individual-level and country-level score differences of a measure of the Independent and Interdependent Self, the Adult Sources of Self-Esteem Inventory (ASSEI) have the same meaning, using two-level exploratory factor analysis in a group of 5,258 college students and other adults from 19 countries. A two-factor solution based on factors interpreted as representing the Independent and Interdependent Self was highly similar at the individual and country levels, suggesting the applicability and similarity of meaning of the factors at both levels. The factors differed from the common conceptualization of in(ter)dependence in that at both levels the Independent Self involved both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills, while the Interdependent Self was narrowed down to unselfishness and being a good member of the family, community, and society. Finally, it was found that the two factors were not retrieved in all countries, indicating that the ASSEI did not measure the same in all countries.

scholarly journals Making Common Fund data more Findable: Catalyzing a Data Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L Charbonneau ◽  
Arthur Brady ◽  
C. Titus Brown ◽  
Susanna-Assunta Sansone ◽  
Avi Ma'ayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Set ◽  
Common Fund ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Metadata Model ◽  
Data Federation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Data Ecosystem ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Data Coordination ◽  
Program Data

The Common Fund Data Ecosystem has created a flexible system of data federation that enables users to discover datasets from across the Common Fund without requiring the data owners to move, reformat, or rehost those data. The CFDEs federation system is centered on a metadata catalog that ingests metadata from individual Common Fund Program Data Coordination Centers into a uniform metadata model that can then be indexed and searched from a centralized portal. This uniform Crosscut Metadata Model (C2M2), supports the wide variety of data set types and metadata terms used by the individual and is designed to enable easy expansion to accommodate new datatypes.

The connection between dark matter, internal motions and configurational properties of triple galaxies

2000 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 388-392
Author(s):  
L. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Compact Galaxy ◽  
Triple Systems ◽  
Internal Motions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Homogeneous Ensemble

AbstractNumerical simulations of the dynamics of triplets of galaxies show that virial estimations of the individual masses of triplets are unreliable because of strong nonsteadiness of these groups and projection effects. However, the mass of a typical small galaxy group can be estimated statistically, from data on a whole homogeneous ensemble of groups such as, for example, Karachentsev’s Catalogue of compact galaxy triplets. The characteristic total mass of a triplet from this catalogue is 4 - 7 times greater than the visible mass when the standard mass-to-light ratio is assumed. This suggests the presence of some considerable amount of dark matter even in these compact triplets. In wide triplets of galaxies the amount of dark matter may be significantly larger. The presence of distributed dark matter makes motions of galaxies in triplets more stochastic. In this case the existence of long-lived hierarchical configurations (temporary binaries) in triple systems becomes much less probable than without dark matter. The analysis of internal motions of galaxies in triplets and their configurations may be interpreted as additional non-dynamical evidence of the presence of dark matter in galaxy triplets.

The Red Neuronal Pigment in the Nervous System of the Mussel, Mytilus Edulis: Localization and Its Effect on Lateral Ciliary Activity with Spectral and Analytical Changes

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cryostat Sections

The purpose of this study was to localize the red neuronal pigment in Mytilus edulis and examine its role in the control of lateral ciliary activity in the gill. The visceral ganglia (Vg) in the central nervous system show an over al red pigmentation. Most red pigments examined in squash preps and cryostat sec tions were localized in the neuronal cell bodies and proximal axon regions. Unstained cryostat sections showed highly localized patches of this pigment scattered throughout the cells in the form of dense granular masses about 5-7 um in diameter, with the individual granules ranging from 0.6-1.3 um in diame ter. Tissue stained with Gomori's method for Fe showed bright blue granular masses of about the same size and structure as previously seen in unstained cryostat sections.Thick section microanalysis (Fig.l) confirmed both the localization and presence of Fe in the nerve cell. These nerve cells of the Vg share with other pigmented photosensitive cells the common cytostructural feature of localization of absorbing molecules in intracellular organelles where they are tightly ordered in fine substructures.

Algorithms for automated montage synthesis of images from laser-scanning confocal microscopes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
D. E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Computational Synthesis ◽  
Automated Cell Counting ◽  
Partial View ◽  
The Individual

An efficient, robust, and widely-applicable technique is presented for computational synthesis of high-resolution, wide-area images of a specimen from a series of overlapping partial views. This technique can also be used to combine the results of various forms of image analysis, such as segmentation, automated cell counting, deblurring, and neuron tracing, to generate representations that are equivalent to processing the large wide-area image, rather than the individual partial views. This can be a first step towards quantitation of the higher-level tissue architecture. The computational approach overcomes mechanical limitations, such as hysterisis and backlash, of microscope stages. It also automates a procedure that is currently done manually. One application is the high-resolution visualization and/or quantitation of large batches of specimens that are much wider than the field of view of the microscope.The automated montage synthesis begins by computing a concise set of landmark points for each partial view. The type of landmarks used can vary greatly depending on the images of interest. In many cases, image analysis performed on each data set can provide useful landmarks. Even when no such “natural” landmarks are available, image processing can often provide useful landmarks.

A driver drowsiness and distraction warning system based on raspberry Pi 3 Kit

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
Toan Dao Thanh ◽  
Vo Thien Linh
Keyword(s):  
Processing System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
Image Sensing ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
University Laboratory

In this article, a system to detect driver drowsiness and distraction based on image sensing technique is created. With a camera used to observe the face of driver, the image processing system embedded in the Raspberry Pi 3 Kit will generate a warning sound when the driver shows drowsiness based on the eye-closed state or a yawn. To detect the closed eye state, we use the ratio of the distance between the eyelids and the ratio of the distance between the upper lip and the lower lip when yawning. A trained data set to extract 68 facial features and “frontal face detectors” in Dlib are utilized to determine the eyes and mouth positions needed to carry out identification. Experimental data from the tests of the system on Vietnamese volunteers in our University laboratory show that the system can detect at realtime the common driver states of “Normal”, “Close eyes”, “Yawn” or “Distraction”

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

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