Pollen and Archaeology at Wetherill Mesa

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 122-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Martin ◽  
William Byers
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Mesa Verde ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Pollen Content ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Indian Corn ◽  
Pollen Variation

AbstractNine profiles of prehistoric cultural deposits at Wetherill Mesa, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, were analyzed for fossil pollen content. Relatively large numbers of corn (Zea) pollen occur in certain deposits of Mug House. In the alluvium retained behind low walls of two check-dams, the frequency of Zea is relatively low (.07%) but approximates the frequency of Zea pollen in soil of a garden on Chapin Mesa planted in Indian corn since 1919. Evidently, soil behind the prehistoric checkdams served as corn plots. The abundance of pollen resembling bee-weed (Cleome serrulata) suggests a more important role for the caper family in prehistoric time than would be inferred from its macrofossil record alone. The Cieome-type is common in prehistoric refuse and in human coprolite in the Four Corners area.Pollen content of matrix within a single archaeological site may vary, depending on the nature of the deposit. Although parts of their deposits overlap in time, the pollen content of (1) a trash slope, (2) a kiva, and (3) a work area within Mug House pueblo varies greatly, especially in economic pollen. Variation between profiles is reduced considerably when they are taken from the same type of deposit, that is, adjacent kivas or trash profiles.The hope that the fossil record would shed new light on the cause of abandonment of Mesa Verde was largely unrealized. The main stratigraphic event in the pollen sequence of the last 1000 years is a relative increase in juniper and pine pollen following abandonment 700 years ago. Ecologically, this rise can be explained as the result of secondary plant succession with first juniper and then pinyon invading fields when human disturbance ended. It may or may not reflect climatic change.

scholarly journals Disain Mitigasi Risiko Penularan Covid-19 di Lingkungan Industri Padat Karya dengan Metode FMEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Sugeng Santoso ◽  
Septian Sugestyo Putro ◽  
Ari Ana Fatmawati ◽  
Caesarani Gloria Putri ◽  
Sa’dillah Sa’dillah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
First Case ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Mitigation Design ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Fmea Method ◽  
The City

Indonesia has confirmed its first case of Covid-19 transmission on March 2, 2020 and since then the transmission of the virus has become more widespread and has created new epicenters. The epicenter always involves a crowd, including in labor-intensive factory areas. This research method uses quantitative-descriptive. Companies that operating labor-intensive require the involvement of large numbers of people. In the production process, the distance between workers is not far apart, thus increasing the risk of virus transmission. The latest case in September 2020, 150 employees of a factory in the city of Purbalingga tested positive for the Covid-19 virus. It is strongly suspected that transmission occurs in the work area through asymptomatic labor. With the continued occurrence of Covid-19 transmission in industrial areas, this article aims to submit a proposal for the application of a risk mitigation design for the risk of Covid-19 transmission in labor-intensive industries using the FMEA method, which includes the layout of the work area, the flow of human movement in the factory area, and the application of health protocols in the hope of helping labor-intensive industries in suppressing and preventing the transmission of Covid-19

CLIMATE AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AT KAMINALJUYU, GUATEMALA

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Popenoe de Hatch ◽  
Erick Ponciano ◽  
Tomás Barrientos Q. ◽  
Mark Brenner ◽  
Charles Ortloff
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The United States ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Pollen Content ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compare And Contrast

During the years 2000 and 2001, a project was carried out to determine the paleoclimate in the Valley of Guatemala. There were two main objectives: (1) to compare and contrast the Highland data with that already obtained from the Maya Lowlands and the Caribbean region; and (2) to understand the relationship between climate and the disappearance of lakes and irrigated agriculture at the archaeological site of Kaminaljuyu in the Valley of Guatemala. Sediment cores have been recovered from Lake Amatitlan and the extinct Lake Miraflores associated with Kaminaljuyu. The samples have been transported to the United States for radiocarbon dating and for analysis of microfossils and pollen content. The paper summarizes the work and the results of the analysis obtained to the present.

Edge-abraded Flakes, Blades, and Cores in the Puebloan Tool Assemblage

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Richard P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Mesa Verde ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Basketmaker Iii ◽  
Geometric Designs ◽  
Building Elements

AbstractSome of the use-modified stone artifacts obtained from Puebloan sites on Wetherill and Chapin mesas exhibit one technological attribute, edge-abrasion, which does not seem to have been reported previously from the Four Corners region nor from other sections of the United States. These artifacts are grouped under 38 styles, based on variations of edge-abrasion and other features resulting from use. They are assignable to each of the ceramic stages identified in the Mesa Verde district — Basketmaker III, Pueblo I, Pueblo II, and Pueblo III. Experiments suggest that edge-abrasion resulted from using the sharp-edged rock fragments to incise geometric designs on sandstone building elements and linear figures on fallen blocks of sandstone and, more commonly, to cut or saw “blanks” for artifacts and possibly many of the slabs and blocks (for architectural purposes) from larger pieces of the locally abundant, soft, fine-grained sandstone.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON TRICHINOSIS, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INCREASE OF THE EOSINOPHILIC CELLS IN THE BLOOD AND MUSCLE, THE ORIGIN OF THESE CELLS AND THEIR DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE

1898 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Great Increase ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Direct Transition ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
Longitudinal Splitting ◽  
First Case ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

To summarize, we have been able to demonstrate: (1) In a case of acute trichinosis an extensive leucocytosis, with great absolute and relative increase in the number of eosinophilic cells in the blood, associated with a coincident decrease in the quantity of neutrophilic elements. (2) From the examination of specimens of muscle removed during life, besides the peculiar degenerations of the muscle, a longitudinal splitting of some of the fibres; a remarkable transverse splitting of others; a great proliferation of nuclei, about many of which vacuoles are seen; and large numbers of polymorphonuclear eosinophilic cells, which are especially prevalent in the more degenerated areas. (3) In a second case (after death), besides similar changes in the muscle, large numbers of eosinophiles throughout the infested portion. (4) In two other cases, during life, a great increase of the eosinophilic cells in the blood, with a coincident decrease of the polymorphonuclear neutrophiles, associated with leucocytosis, though of less extent than in the first case. (5) In pieces of muscle removed in these last two cases changes in most respects similar to those cited in the first case, but of less degree. (6) The similar character of the nuclei of the eosinophiles and the neutrophiles both in the blood and in the muscle, and the presence in the first case of certain cells which might be regarded as forms transitional between neutrophiles and eosinophiles, suggesting the possibility that the increase in the latter elements may, in these instances, take place in the muscles by direct transition from the neutrophiles.

Cytoplasmic Granules in Lymphocytes from Rats Dosed with SK&F 14336-D

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
B. J. Payne ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Neurovisceral Lipidosis

Rats given SK&F 14336-D (9-[3-Dimethylamino propyl]-2-chloroacridane), a tranquilizing drug, developed an increased number of vacuolated lymphocytes as observed by light microscopy. Vacuoles in peripheral blood of rats and humans apparently are rare and are not usually reported in differential counts. Transforming agents such as phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen induce similar vacuoles in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes. These vacuoles have also been reported in some of the lipid-storage diseases of humans such as amaurotic familial idiocy, familial neurovisceral lipidosis, lipomucopolysaccharidosis and sphingomyelinosis. Electron microscopic studies of Tay-Sachs' disease and of chloroquine treated swine have demonstrated large numbers of “membranous cytoplasmic granules” in the cytoplasm of neurons, in addition to lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of characterizing the membranous inclusions and developing an experimental animal model which may be used for the study of lipid storage diseases.

Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

Analysis of the Anterior Secretory Cells of Onchidohs Muricata (Nudibranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Roy Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The long-necked secretory cells in Onchidoris muricata are distributed in the anterior sole of the foot. These cells are interspersed among ciliated columnar and conical cells as well as short-necked secretory gland cells. The long-necked cells contribute a significant amount of mucoid materials to the slime on which the nudibranch travels. The body of these cells is found in the subepidermal tissues. A long process extends across the basal lamina and in between cells of the epidermis to the surface of the foot. The secretory granules travel along the process and their contents are expelled by exocytosis at the foot surface.The contents of the cell body include the nucleus, some endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi body with large numbers of secretory vesicles (Fig. 1). The secretory vesicles are membrane bound and contain a fibrillar matrix. At high magnification the similarity of the contents in the Golgi saccules and the secretory vesicles becomes apparent (Fig. 2).

Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
L. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

Microanalysis of precipitates in a ferritic steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
J.M. Titchmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Made In

The advances in recent years in the microanalytical capabilities of conventional TEM's fitted with probe forming lenses allow much more detailed investigations to be made of the microstructures of complex alloys, such as ferritic steels, than have been possible previously. In particular, the identification of individual precipitate particles with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers in alloys containing high densities of several chemically and crystallographically different precipitate types is feasible. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was to establish a method which allowed individual particle identification to be made in a few seconds so that large numbers of particles could be examined in a few hours.A Philips EM400 microscope, fitted with the scanning transmission (STEM) objective lens pole-pieces and an EDAX energy dispersive X-ray analyser, was used at 120 kV with a thermal W hairpin filament. The precipitates examined were extracted using a standard C replica technique from specimens of a 2¼Cr-lMo ferritic steel in a quenched and tempered condition.

An SEM study of raphide crystal initials in the leaves of vitis (grape)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
M. A. Webb ◽  
L. E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystal Cells ◽  
Crystal Idioblast

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document