Understanding other's emotions: From affective resonance to empathic action

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Parr
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Important Process

Empathy is a developmental process whereby individuals come to understand the emotional states of others. While the exact nature of this process remains unknown, PAM's utility is that it establishes empathy along a continuum of behavior ranging from emotional contagion to cognitive forms, a very useful distinction for understanding the phylogeny and ontogeny of this important process. The model will undoubtedly fuel future research, especially from comparative domains where data are most problematic.

scholarly journals Watching others in a positive state does not induce optimism bias in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but leads to behaviour indicative of competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. C. Adriaense ◽  
V. Šlipogor ◽  
S. Hintze ◽  
L. Marshall ◽  
C. Lamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
Positive State

AbstractEmotional contagion is suggested to facilitate group life by enhancing synchronized responses to the environment. Cooperative breeders are an example of a social system that requires such intricate coordination between individuals. Therefore, we studied emotional contagion in common marmosets by means of a judgement bias test. Demonstrators were exposed to an emotion manipulation (i.e., positive, negative, control), and observers perceived only the demonstrator’s behaviour. We predicted that the positive or negative states of the demonstrator would induce matching states in the observer, indicating emotional contagion. All subjects’ emotional states were assessed through behaviour and cognition, the latter by means of a judgement bias test. Behavioural results showed a successful emotion manipulation of demonstrators, with manipulation-congruent expressions (i.e., positive calls in the positive condition, and negative calls and pilo-erect tail in the negative condition). Observers showed no manipulation-congruent expressions, but showed more scratching and arousal after the positive manipulation. Concerning the judgement bias test, we predicted that subjects in a positive state should increase their response to ambiguous cues (i.e., optimism bias), and subjects in a negative state should decrease their response (i.e., pessimism bias). This prediction was not supported as neither demonstrators nor observers showed such bias in either manipulation. Yet, demonstrators showed an increased response to the near-positive cue, and additional analyses showed unexpected responses to the reference cues, as well as a researcher identity effect. We discuss all results combined, including recently raised validation concerns of the judgement bias test, and inherent challenges to empirically studying emotional contagion.

scholarly journals Context-Aware Recommender System: A Review of Recent Developmental Process and Future Research Direction

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Haruna ◽  
Maizatul Akmar Ismail ◽  
Suhendroyono Suhendroyono ◽  
Damiasih Damiasih ◽  
Adi Pierewan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recommender System ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Future Research Direction ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Good vibrations: A review of vocal expressions of positive emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza G. Kamiloğlu ◽  
Agneta H. Fischer ◽  
Disa A. Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Vocal Expressions

AbstractResearchers examining nonverbal communication of emotions are becoming increasingly interested in differentiations between different positive emotional states like interest, relief, and pride. But despite the importance of the voice in communicating emotion in general and positive emotion in particular, there is to date no systematic review of what characterizes vocal expressions of different positive emotions. Furthermore, integration and synthesis of current findings are lacking. In this review, we comprehensively review studies (N = 108) investigating acoustic features relating to specific positive emotions in speech prosody and nonverbal vocalizations. We find that happy voices are generally loud with considerable variability in loudness, have high and variable pitch, and are high in the first two formant frequencies. When specific positive emotions are directly compared with each other, pitch mean, loudness mean, and speech rate differ across positive emotions, with patterns mapping onto clusters of emotions, so-called emotion families. For instance, pitch is higher for epistemological emotions (amusement, interest, relief), moderate for savouring emotions (contentment and pleasure), and lower for a prosocial emotion (admiration). Some, but not all, of the differences in acoustic patterns also map on to differences in arousal levels. We end by pointing to limitations in extant work and making concrete proposals for future research on positive emotions in the voice.

Making High School Sport Impactful

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Turgeon ◽  
Kelsey Kendellen ◽  
Sara Kramers ◽  
Scott Rathwell ◽  
Martin Camiré
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
School Sport ◽  
High School Sport

The practice of high school sport is, in large part, justified based on the premise that participation exposes student-athletes to an array of situations that, when experienced positively, allow them to learn and refine the life skills necessary to become active, thriving, and contributing members of society. The purpose of this paper is to examine how we can maximize the developmental potential of high school sport and make it impactful. Extant literature suggests that high school sport participation exposes student-athletes to a variety of experiences that can positively and negatively influence their personal development, with coaches playing a particularly influential role in this developmental process. However, within this body of evidence, issues of research quality have been raised, limiting the inferences that can be drawn. Future research directions are presented that address methodological limitations. Furthermore, in efforts to (re)consider the desired impact of high school sport, a critical discussion with policy and practical implications is offered.

scholarly journals EEG-Based Emotion Recognition: A State-of-the-Art Review of Current Trends and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nazmi Sofian Suhaimi ◽  
James Mountstephens ◽  
Jason Teo
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Recent Developments

Emotions are fundamental for human beings and play an important role in human cognition. Emotion is commonly associated with logical decision making, perception, human interaction, and to a certain extent, human intelligence itself. With the growing interest of the research community towards establishing some meaningful “emotional” interactions between humans and computers, the need for reliable and deployable solutions for the identification of human emotional states is required. Recent developments in using electroencephalography (EEG) for emotion recognition have garnered strong interest from the research community as the latest developments in consumer-grade wearable EEG solutions can provide a cheap, portable, and simple solution for identifying emotions. Since the last comprehensive review was conducted back from the years 2009 to 2016, this paper will update on the current progress of emotion recognition using EEG signals from 2016 to 2019. The focus on this state-of-the-art review focuses on the elements of emotion stimuli type and presentation approach, study size, EEG hardware, machine learning classifiers, and classification approach. From this state-of-the-art review, we suggest several future research opportunities including proposing a different approach in presenting the stimuli in the form of virtual reality (VR). To this end, an additional section devoted specifically to reviewing only VR studies within this research domain is presented as the motivation for this proposed new approach using VR as the stimuli presentation device. This review paper is intended to be useful for the research community working on emotion recognition using EEG signals as well as for those who are venturing into this field of research.

Emotion-specific clues to the neural substrate of empathy

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Substrate

Research only alluded to by Preston & de Waal (P&deW) indicates the disproportionate involvement of some brain regions in the perception and experience of certain emotions. This suggests that the neural substrate of primitive emotional contagion has some emotion-specific aspects, even if cognitively sophisticated forms of empathy do not. Goals for future research include determining the ways in which empathy is emotion-specific and dependent on overt or covert perception.

From Adaptive Emotion to Dysfunction: An Attachment Perspective on Social Anxiety Disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances M. Vertue
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Internal Working Models ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Internal Working ◽  
Interpersonal Goals

In this article, existing theories of social anxiety are integrated within the framework of attachment theory, in particular, by means of the causal mechanism of internal working models of self and others. These models guide beliefs and expectations about social relationships and, thereby, contribute to social anxiety. They also contain, procedural knowledge about the skills needed to initiate and maintain social relationships. A reconceptualization of social skill as the ability to regulate others' emotions and, thereby, their behavior is presented. It is suggested that deficits (real or imagined) in the ability to affect others' emotional states, and, thereby; achieve interpersonal goals, contribute to social anxiety. The integrated model is evaluated by a number of theory-goodness criteria, and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Olfactory Function and Emotional Contagion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. J. Freemantle ◽  
Lorenzo D. Stafford ◽  
Christopher R. D. Wagstaff ◽  
Lucy Akehurst
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Subjective Importance ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contagion Process

Abstract Introduction Research has provided evidence for the transfer of single emotions including anger, anxiety and happiness through olfactory chemosignals, yet no work has examined the role of odour function in the aggregation of more complex emotional states or in the emotional contagion process. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether an individual’s tendency to experience emotional aggregation was affected by objective measures of their olfactory function and subjective self-assessments of the importance of their own olfactory system. Methods In this study (N = 70), participant pairs were first assessed individually for olfactory threshold and odour identification, then completed the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire. Each pair subsequently took part in two collaborative tasks. Individual emotion measures were taken before, during and after the completion of the two tasks. Results Multilevel structural equation modelling revealed that individuals’ within-dyad positive emotional agreement scores were associated with both their ‘importance of olfaction’ scores and their olfactory function. A significant association was also found between olfactory performance and the Importance of Olfaction scores. Conclusions These results provide evidence that the subjective importance an individual assigns to their sense of smell can predict their susceptibility to experience emotional aggregation during active, collaborative tasks. Implications The findings suggest that individuals’ tendency and capability to detect and respond to emotional chemosignals, a process required for olfactory-facilitated emotional contagion, may be affected by individual differences in olfactory function and subjective attitudes toward olfaction.

scholarly journals The system of personal values in the life of oncologically ill youths

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Taras Karamushka ◽  
Sergii Shykovets
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Personal values in a neoplastic disease have been the subject of numerous psychological studies. The study presented here shows differences in personal values selected by oncologically ill youths (50 people) and healthy youths (40 people), aged 18-20. Results reveal that the value of good health constitutes the most essential difference between the ill/healthy groups. Chronic diseases are diagnosed in people of all ages. Some are flowing smoothly, others are stormy. Some last from birth, others appear unexpectedly at different times of life. The disease violates the spiritual and mental order, because the patients can’t meet their needs, desires, dreams, plans as much as they would like. They are experiencing anxiety, depression, irritability, emptiness and other emotional states. The medical literature defines long-term illnesses as permanent, irreversible, progressive changes that cause damage to the system, permanently reducing its effectiveness and productivity, mainly in acute and chronic conditions, as the same long-term pathological process. Favorite work, profession and successful family life are the most significant values for ill people. Ill people choose the mentioned values more frequently than healthy people. This result is a rebuttal of the assumptions made, so it should be noted that it may be a consequence of the activation of the safeguards (in particular the objection), and it is generally a plausible and expected fact. It would be worthwhile in future research to extend the study group in order to verify and compare the findings.The results can also be influenced by the choice of subjects, their age, stage of treatment, specific cancer, such as bone cancer, too small research group and others. In the future, to test and compare the results, it is worthwhile to prepare a retest and increase the number of subjects, to introduce groups of subjects with other cancers, and to pay attention to the age, emotions and treatment stage of the patients being studied.

scholarly journals Social Engagement and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
Kasturi Banerjee ◽  
Tamara Baker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Social networks and family support are known to have benefits for many older adults globally, and India is no exception. However, the exact nature of the impact of these factors on depression in the Indian population remains largely unexplored. Considering the aging Indian population and changing socio-cultural landscape, it is important to identify the role of social engagement and neighborhood factors in the mental health needs of these older adults. To address this need, this study aimed to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among individuals aged 45+ years from four states in India. Data were taken from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) pilot survey in 2010, focusing on the influence social activities, family factors and neighborhood satisfaction variables have on depressive symptomatology. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted and found that residing in a southern state (Karnataka and Kerala) (β=.178, p<0.05); lower life satisfaction (β= -.261, p<0.05); having more living children (β=.110, p<0.05), less frequently or never visiting friends and relatives (β=.079, p<0.05) and not liking the neighborhood (β=.072, p<0.05) were predictors of depressive symptoms. These findings are consistent with limited extant literature on the importance of family and social engagement as predictors of depressive symptoms in this population. Future research should focus on qualitatively examining the interaction between depressive symptoms and social engagement within this population, thereby helping develop targeted interventions, measure outcomes and long term, community engagement-based prevention programs.

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