Perceptual experience as a bridge between the retina and a bicoded cognitive map

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-549
Author(s):  
Frank H. Durgin ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Surface Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
Perceptual Representations ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Metric Information

AbstractThe bicoded cognitive maps described by Jeffery et al. are compared to metric perceptual representations. Systematic biases in perceptual experience of egocentric distance, height, and surface orientation may reflect information processing choices to retain information critical for immediate action (Durgin et al. 2010a). Different information processing goals (route planning vs. immediate action) require different metric information.

scholarly journals Cognitive maps in the wild: revealing the use of metric information in black howler monkey route navigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel de Guinea ◽  
Alejandro Estrada ◽  
K. Anne-Isola Nekaris ◽  
Sarie Van Belle
Keyword(s):  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Black Howler ◽  
Black Howler Monkeys ◽  
Route Navigation ◽  
Metric Information

ABSTRACT When navigating, wild animals rely on internal representations of the external world – called ‘cognitive maps’ – to take movement decisions. Generally, flexible navigation is hypothesized to be supported by sophisticated spatial skills (i.e. Euclidean cognitive maps); however, constrained movements along habitual routes are the most commonly reported navigation strategy. Even though incorporating metric information (i.e. distances and angles between locations) in route-based cognitive maps would likely enhance an animal's navigation efficiency, there has been no evidence of this strategy reported for non-human animals to date. Here, we examined the properties of the cognitive map used by a wild population of primates by testing a series of cognitive hypotheses against spatially explicit movement simulations. We collected 3104 h of ranging and behavioural data on five groups of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) at Palenque National Park, Mexico, from September 2016 through August 2017. We simulated correlated random walks mimicking the ranging behaviour of the study subjects and tested for differences between observed and simulated movement patterns. Our results indicated that black howler monkeys engaged in constrained movement patterns characterized by a high path recursion tendency, which limited their capacity to travel in straight lines and approach feeding trees from multiple directions. In addition, we found that the structure of observed route networks was more complex and efficient than simulated route networks, suggesting that black howler monkeys incorporate metric information into their cognitive map. Our findings not only expand the use of metric information during route navigation to non-human animals, but also highlight the importance of considering efficient route-based navigation as a cognitively demanding mechanism.

Direct Realism and Illusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Direct Realism ◽  
Perceptual Representation ◽  
Perceptual Error ◽  
Standard Response ◽  
Perceptual Representations ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Apparent Problem

The supposed problem of perceptual error, including illusion and hallucination, has led most theories of perception to deny formulations of direct realism. The standard response to this apparent problem adopts the mistaken presupposition that perception is indeed liable to error. However, the prevailing conditions of observation are themselves elements of perceptual representation, functioning in the manner of predicate modifiers. They ensure that the predicates applied in perceptual representations do indeed correctly attribute properties that perceived physical objects actually instantiate. Thus, perceptual representations are immune to misrepresentation of the sort misguidedly supposed by the spurious problem of perceptual misrepresentation. Granted the possibility that perceptual attribution admits of predicate modification, it is quite possible that perceptual experience permits both rudimentary and sophisticated conceptualization. Moreover, such treatment of perceptual predication rewards by providing an account of aspect alteration exemplified by perception of ambiguous stimuli.

scholarly journals The Shallow Cognitive Map Hypothesis: A Hippocampal framework for Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Musa ◽  
Safia Khan ◽  
Minahil Mujahid ◽  
Mohamady
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Relational Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Systems Framework

Memories are not formed in isolation. They are associated and organized into relational knowledge structures that allow coherent thought. Failure to express such coherent thought is a key hallmark of Schizophrenia. Here we explore the hypothesis that thought disorder arises from disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps. In doing so, we combine insights from two key lines of investigation, one concerning the neural signatures of cognitive mapping, and another that seeks to understand lower-level cellular mechanisms of cognition within a dynamical systems framework. Specifically, we propose that multiple distinct pathological pathways converge on the shallowing of Hippocampal attractors, giving rise to disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps and driving thought disorder. We discuss the available evidence at the computational, behavioural, network and cellular levels. We also outline testable predictions from this framework including how it could unify major chemical and psychological theories of schizophrenia and how it can provide a rationale for understanding the aetiology and treatment of the disease.

scholarly journals Bilingual cognitive map in the space of teaching public administration: a russian case

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Mariia Rubtcova ◽  
Oleg Pavenkov ◽  
Vladimir Pavenkov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Programs ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Map Approach

The introduction of bilingual programs for future bureaucrats turned out to be a great challenge. In Russia this is one of the “classic” areas, in which the spirit of conservatism and collectivism prevails. In this area, the idea of teaching in English may be perceived with hatred: English can invade the closed area communication of offi cials, to make the excessive diversity of their contacts and violate patriotism and national identity. We used a cognitive map approach. It allows us to create diff erent kinds of cognitive maps and teaching materials for university students who need to learn in one course the terminology in both languages. The results show that the study of the subject/course in English is not harmful to the development of professional Russian language. It was confi rmed by the individual discussion in Russian. At the same time, the skills of reading articles in English were signifi cantly improved.

Response Functions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Neander
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Etiological Theory ◽  
Perceptual Representations ◽  
Selected Effects ◽  
Perceptual Systems

Supporters of standard teleosemantics argue that informational teleosemantics turns teleosemantics on its head, because functions are effects but a representation’s information relations concern its causes. In chapter 6, the author responds to this influential objection by explaining that, while functions must involve effects, this is not to the exclusion of triggering causes. According to the etiological theory, which is employed by most proponents of teleosemantics, functions are (roughly speaking) selected effects; however, they can also be selected dispositions or selected causal roles, and so can involve inputs as well as outputs. The author explains that there are response functions (functions to do something in response to something), that sensory-perceptual systems have them, and so can have information-processing functions, at least given a simple causal analysis of information. This clears the path for the causal-informational version of teleosemantics, which ties the contents of (nonconceptual) sensory-perceptual representations to their normal causes, as opposed to the so-called Normal conditions for their use.

Musical Information Beyond Measurement and Computation

2016 ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Reybrouck
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Symbolic Play ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Music Information

This chapter elaborates on the concepts of music information and information processing by bringing together the fields of computation, cybernetics and the dynamic systems approach. It conceives of music users as autonomous agents that behave as adaptive devices that construct their musical knowledge as the outcome of continuous epistemic interactions with the sonic world. As such, it challenges the classical symbolic-conceptual approach to musical information in terms of static, discrete and objective categories in favor of a trans-classical model that relies on subjective, process-like and non-discrete categories of meaning. In an attempt to go beyond traditional dichotomies, it proposes a hybrid perceptual-conceptual approach that does justice both to the richness and fullness of perceptual experience and the plasticity of mental operations in a kind of symbolic play.

Differences in Spatial Knowledge of Individuals With Blindness When Using Audiotactile Maps, Using Tactile Maps, and Walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Marialena Barouti ◽  
Eleni Koustriava
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Tactile Maps ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Blind Individuals

To examine how individuals with visual impairments understand space and the way they develop cognitive maps, we studied the differences in cognitive maps resulting from different methods and tools for spatial coding in large geographical spaces. We examined the ability of 21 blind individuals to create cognitive maps of routes in unfamiliar areas using (a) audiotactile maps, (b) tactile maps, and (c) direct experience of movement along the routes. We also compared participants’ cognitive maps created with the use of audiotactile maps, tactile maps, and independent movement along the routes with regard to their precision (i.e., the correctness or incorrectness of spatial information location) and inclusiveness (i.e., the amount of spatial information included correctly in the cognitive map). The results of the experimental trials demonstrated that becoming familiar with an area is easier for blind individuals when they use a tactile aide, such as an audiotactile map, as compared with walking along the route.

The ontogeny of a mammalian cognitive map in the real world

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6500) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Harten ◽  
Amitay Katz ◽  
Aya Goldshtein ◽  
Michal Handel ◽  
Yossi Yovel
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
In The Wild

How animals navigate over large-scale environments remains a riddle. Specifically, it is debated whether animals have cognitive maps. The hallmark of map-based navigation is the ability to perform shortcuts, i.e., to move in direct but novel routes. When tracking an animal in the wild, it is extremely difficult to determine whether a movement is truly novel because the animal’s past movement is unknown. We overcame this difficulty by continuously tracking wild fruit bat pups from their very first flight outdoors and over the first months of their lives. Bats performed truly original shortcuts, supporting the hypothesis that they can perform large-scale map-based navigation. We documented how young pups developed their visual-based map, exemplifying the importance of exploration and demonstrating interindividual differences.

Handedness may be More Important than Sex as a Variable Underlying Individual Differences in Visual Performance

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-719
Author(s):  
Gary D. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Decision Axis ◽  
Practical Implications

Evidence is presented that there are individual differences in the early stages of information processing which are due, in part, to the criteria adopted by the left and right hemispheres in perceptual organization. Sex differences were found in organization criteria and in the extent that both hemispheres participate in ordering perceptual experience. Of perhaps greater importance in terms of practical implications, significant and dramatic differences were found in perceptual organization for “extreme right-handers” and “right-handers who tend towards mix-handedness.” “Mixed-handers” of both sexes grouped states into perceptual units to a significantly greater extent than their very right-handed counterparts. A method is described for determining the relative location of grouping criteria on the decision axis.

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