Just My Imagination: Beauty premium and the evolved mental model

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Oda
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Real ◽  
Beauty Premium ◽  
Human Capacity

AbstractImagination, an important feature of the human mind, may be at the root of the beauty premium. The evolved human capacity for simulating the real world, developed as an adaptation to a complex social environment, may offer the key to understanding this and many other aspects of human behavior.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
William J. Talbott
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Epistemic Rationality ◽  
The Real ◽  
American Philosophy ◽  
Unreasonable Effectiveness

In this Conclusion, the author summarizes the main features of his theory of epistemic rationality and explains how his theory avoids commitment to any of the five presuppositions of the Proof Paradigm. He explains his new solution to the epistemological version of Berkeley’s puzzle. He recaps the real-world epistemological issues addressed by his theory. He concludes with some final thoughts, including a call to philosophers to reject both the presuppositions of the Proof Paradigm and the narrow scientism that characterizes so much of contemporary American philosophy. He urges us to replace that narrow scientism with a more expansive understanding of the human mind that can make sense of its “unreasonable effectiveness” in scientific and other inquiry.

Evaluating Expertise in a Complex Domain–Measures Based on Theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (17) ◽  
pp. 1152-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean MacMillan ◽  
Eileen B. Entin ◽  
Daniel Serfaty
Keyword(s):  
Model Theory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Mental Model Theory ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Expertise Level

Human factors practitioners are often concerned with defining and evaluating expertise in complex domains where there may be no agreed-upon expertise levels, no single right answers to problems, and where the observation and measurement of real-world expert performance is difficult. This paper reports the results of an experiment in which expertise was assessed in an extremely complex and demanding domain–military command decision making in tactical warfare. The hypotheses of the experiment were: 1) command decisionmaking expertise can be recognized in practice by domain experts; 2) differences in the command decisionmaking expertise of individuals can be identified even under conditions that do not fully replicate the real world; and 3) observers who are not domain experts can recognize the expert behaviors predicted by a mental-model theory about the nature of expertise. In the experiment, the expertise of military officers in developing tactical plans was assessed independently by three “super-expert” judges, and these expertise-level ratings were correlated with independent theory-based measures used by observers who were not domain experts. The results suggest that experts in a domain have a shared underlying concept of expertise in that domain even if they cannot articulate that concept, that this expertise can be elicited and measured in situations that do not completely mimic the real world, and that expertise measures based on a mental-model theory can be used effectively by observers who are not experts in the domain.

scholarly journals You don’t have to tell a story! A registered report testing the effectiveness of narrative versus non-narrative misinformation corrections

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ullrich K. H. Ecker ◽  
Lucy H. Butler ◽  
Anne Hamby
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Inferential Reasoning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
Narrative Format ◽  
Test Delay

AbstractMisinformation often has an ongoing effect on people’s memory and inferential reasoning even after clear corrections are provided; this is known as the continued influence effect. In pursuit of more effective corrections, one factor that has not yet been investigated systematically is the narrative versus non-narrative format of the correction. Some scholars have suggested that a narrative format facilitates comprehension and retention of complex information and may serve to overcome resistance to worldview-dissonant corrections. It is, therefore, a possibility that misinformation corrections are more effective if they are presented in a narrative format versus a non-narrative format. The present study tests this possibility. We designed corrections that are either narrative or non-narrative, while minimizing differences in informativeness. We compared narrative and non-narrative corrections in three preregistered experiments (total N = 2279). Experiment 1 targeted misinformation contained in fictional event reports; Experiment 2 used false claims commonly encountered in the real world; Experiment 3 used real-world false claims that are controversial, in order to test the notion that a narrative format may facilitate corrective updating primarily when it serves to reduce resistance to correction. In all experiments, we also manipulated test delay (immediate vs. 2 days), as any potential benefit of the narrative format may only arise in the short term (if the story format aids primarily with initial comprehension and updating of the relevant mental model) or after a delay (if the story format aids primarily with later correction retrieval). In all three experiments, it was found that narrative corrections are no more effective than non-narrative corrections. Therefore, while stories and anecdotes can be powerful, there is no fundamental benefit of using a narrative format when debunking misinformation.

scholarly journals MITOS DAN RELASI KETIDAKSADARAN MASYARAKAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Fajar W. Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human Effort

Most of the philosophers assert that every human effort to uncover the myth eventually would be trapped or bring out a new myth. Since the myth is important in order to form the structure of the human mind, then, it is interesting to discuss the analysis proposed by Roland Barthes. The contributions of Barthes, with his study of myth, at least would open a new horizon regarding the understanding, the structure, and the relations of the myth with the real world. Barthes’ efforts in analyzing the myths, especially the contemporary myths, might be taken to be different from what were done by the earlier experts. The studies of Barthes have developed the awarenessand the new horizon about things previously taken unimportant and trivial, especially in the context of the modern world.

A Paradigm Shift from Optimal Play to Mental Comfort: A Perspective from the Game Refinement Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Iida ◽  
◽  
Mohd Nor Akmal Khalid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The Real ◽  
Game Outcome ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Game Designer

The game refinement theory focuses on the game designer perspective, where its application in various types of games provides evidence of the occurring paradigm shift. Utilizing the logistical model of game outcome uncertainty, it provides a platform for incorporating gamified experience observed in games to be adopted in domains outside of game while retaining the context of the game. Making games as a testbed, the implications of the game refinement theory have been observed in the educational and business perspective, while further explored its utility in interpreting some states of the human mind. In addition, a holistic view of design in games and in the real-world environments was discussed, where the prospects ofthe game refinement theory were also highlighted

scholarly journals Dispositional negativity in the wild: Social environment governs momentary emotional experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Shackman ◽  
Jennifer S. Weinstein ◽  
Stanton N. Hudja ◽  
Conor D. Bloomer ◽  
Matthew Barstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Real ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fundamental Dimension ◽  
The Moment

Dispositional negativity—the tendency to experience more frequent or intense negative emotions—is a fundamental dimension of temperament and personality. Elevated levels of dispositional negativity have profound consequences for public health and wealth, drawing the attention of researchers, clinicians, and policy makers. Yet, relatively little is known about the factors that govern the momentary expression of dispositional negativity in the real world. Here, we used smart phone-based experience-sampling to demonstrate that the social environment plays a central role in shaping the moment-by-moment emotional experience of 127 young adults selectively recruited to represent a broad spectrum of dispositional negativity. Results indicate that individuals with a more negative disposition derive much larger emotional benefits from the company of close companions—friends, romantic partners, and family members—and that these benefits reflect heightened feelings of social connection and acceptance. These results set the stage for developing improved interventions and provide new insights into the interaction of emotional traits and situations in the real world, close to clinically and practically important endpoints.

scholarly journals A philosophical and socio-historical defense of the secular, democratic and mixed economic state

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Geoffrey
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Real World ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Interest Theory ◽  
The Real ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Economic State

An inquiry into the philosophical foundations of a secular, democratic welfare state has been carried out. The necessity of such a work arises because a deeper philosophical framework is necessary for clarity to define secularism of whether secularism means pluralism and the tolerance of diversity for a greater end or the absolution of atheistic humanism and its intolerance toward other worldviews. Self-interest theory of human behavior is discussed as the basis for requiring reduction is power concentration and how such reductions in power concentrations is achieved through a democratic mixed economic state is discussed. The self-interest theory of human behavior says that human action is driven by self-interest which is automatic, natural and viscerally compelling while our obligation to others is a more thoughtful process of deliberation over morality. However by the common psychological biases such as confirmation and self-serving biases, our individualism overpowers our morality. Therefore it is concluded that while a Democratic mixed economic state is not the idealism of all that power can achieve if we did everything right in an ideal world but rather what we need to prevent the worst from happening in the real world by the dangers of power concentrations and self-interest seeking individuals and considering we live in the real world than in the ideal world we should take it as the best possible solution to our political and economic thought

scholarly journals THE QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE JUSTIFIED IN A NEW NON-ARISTOTELIAN FINITARY LOGIC

2005 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
RADHAKRISHNAN SRINIVASAN
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Real World ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Quantum Superposition ◽  
The Real ◽  
True False

In the proposed non-Aristotelian finitary logic (NAFL), truths for formal propositions can exist only with respect to axiomatic theories, essentially as temporary axiomatic declarations in the human mind. An undecidable proposition P in a consistent NAFL theory T is true/false with respect to T if and only if it has been axiomatically declared as true/false by virtue of its provability/refutability in an interpretation T* of T. In the absence of any such axiomatic declarations, P is in a superposed state of 'neither true nor false' and the consistency of T requires the existence of a non-classical model for T in which P&¬P is the case. Here T* is an axiomatic NAFL theory that, like T, resides in the human mind and acts as the 'truth-maker' for (a model of) T. Quantum superposition is justified by identifying 'axiomatic declarations' for the truth/falsity of P (by virtue of its provability/refutability in T*) with 'measurement' in the real world. NAFL also explains and de-mystifies the phenomenon of entanglement. NAFL severely restricts classical infinitary reasoning, but possibly provides sufficient machinery for a consistent axiomatization of quantum mechanics.

scholarly journals CRITICIZING YOGYAKARTA ENVIRONMENT ON THE OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF INDONESIAN TOURISM: AN ECOLINGUISTIC STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Arina Isti'anah
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Local People ◽  
Front Page ◽  
The Real ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Government

Tourism is one of the sectors which defines the identity of a country. In Indonesia, rich in culture and nature, the use website is benefited by the government to portray as well as gain profit from the tourism sites. This paper, thus, intends to discuss how the environment in Yogyakarta tourism is criticized on the website. The interest of linguistics to criticize how its usage affects the environment triggers the development of ecolinguistics. Saphir distinguishes three ecological territories: physical, economic and social. Ecological domains are exercised to present Yogyakarta on Wonderful Indonesia, the official website of Indonesian tourism. This paper observed the employment of clauses of Yogyakarta text found in the Destination Highlight on the front page of the website at www.indonesia.travel on March 31, 2019. The method applied is ecolinguistics by exercising the ideational metafunction of language proposed by Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to figure out how the website portrays the real world of Yogyakarta environment seen from the choice of process, participants and circumstances. The analysis reveals that social environment dominates the website, meaning that Yogyakarta is advertised as a carrier and attribute in terms of its culture and value. Yogyakarta, is attached to the attributes as a city with respect for values. This paper proposes criticizes to present Yogyakarta through material processes to demonstrate how local people, as well as tourists, value and engage in preserving the environment of Yogyakarta. 

scholarly journals BUSINESS MODEL AS A SUBJECT FOR LINGUAL AND COGNITIVE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marharyta Heletka ◽  
◽  
Iryna Cherkashchenko ◽  
Valentyna Kravchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Business Modeling ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Definition Of

Lingual analysis allows structuring and rationalizing human perception of the real world through the primacy of semantics, the encyclopedic nature of linguistic meaning, the perspectival nature of pure lexical meaning. Cognitive science focuses on human mind, assuming it has mental representations similar to computer data structures, and computational procedures identical to computational algorithms. Supposedly, human mind relies on such mental representations as declarative knowledge including logical propositions, rules, concepts, images, and analogies. Additionally, the mind uses procedural knowledge including operations such as search, matching, retrieval and deduction. The combination of lingual and cognitive analyses turns out to be an effective tool for providing a comprehensive approach to studying and deep understanding of language concepts that reflect the phenomena of the real world. The paper deals with BUSINESS MODEL as a complicated economic concept, whose profound analysis and understanding is of great practical value for business analysis segment. Proceeding from the above, lingual and cognitive analysis of the concept BUSINESS MODEL also requires an inter-disciplinary approach, related both to linguo-cognitive and economic studies. Thus, the paper represents an attempt to clarify the mental essence of BUSINESS MODEL, which is implied by diverse language units verbalizing this concept, and to give it a rational structured form that can be easily understood and used by skillful experts in the field of economics. The research also focuses on major stages of linguo-cognitive analysis, used for establishing the relationship between mental and language representation of BUSINESS MODEL as an extralinguistic essence. The analysis offered enables determining a generalized definition of the BUSINESS MODEL in terms of cognitive linguistics and business-modeling/reengineering. At the long last, the cognitive paradigm of modern linguistic studies gives linguists the possibility to discover extralinguistic reality, mechanisms of human thinking through the lenses of language data, and processes of coding and knowledge objectification on the world in language structures. The relevance of the paper resulted from a very important scientifically practical task, namely the necessity to generalize the definition of the concept of BUSINESS MODEL in order to provide business-modeling and reengineering services to corporations. The aim of the paper is to create the conceptual interframe net of BUSINESS MODEL; to determine semantic roles (actants) as part of propositions that form frames; to find out the structure of the universal BUSINESS MODEL. The research focuses on the concept BUSINESS MODEL and a set of semantic roles and connections between them that form the concept under examination. Moreover, it has been established that BUSINESS MODEL belongs to semiotic fractal systems. The lingual and cognitive analyses gave an opportunity to figure out the preconditions for specification of top-down levels of the business-model as a multi-level construction with iterative nature.

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