“Incentive hope” and the nature of impulsivity in low-socioeconomic-status individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Walsh ◽  
Erik Cheries ◽  
Youngbin Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Future

AbstractLow-income environments have been associated with greater levels of impulsive behavior, which contribute to the higher debt and obesity rates that further perpetuate current wealth and health disparities. In this commentary, we describe how this might be explained by an appeal to “incentive hope” and the motivational drive toward consumption triggered by the future uncertainty these groups face.

Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110356
Author(s):  
D.J. Gaskin ◽  
H. Zare ◽  
R. McCleary ◽  
O. Kanwar ◽  
A.L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dental Needs

Objective: To identify predictors of unmet dental needs for adults 18 y of age or older in the United States. Method: Using the Aday and Andersen framework and data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we ran logistic regression to estimate predictors for adults of not having a dental visit within 5 y and having lost any teeth using a national sample of 155,060 survey respondents. Results: Results showed that predisposing factors (age, race/ethnicity, gender, and educational attainment) and enabling factors (income and health insurance status) are important predictors for losing teeth due to decay or gum disease. Men, the elderly, and less educated and low-income residents were less likely to have seen a dentist within the past 5 y and more likely to have lost their permanent teeth. Compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Hispanics adults were more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Unmet dental needs varied across states. People living in states with extensive Medicaid dental care benefit coverage were less likely to lose their teeth and more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Conclusion: Efforts to improve oral health should address unmet dental needs of men and adults with low socioeconomic status. Studying the variation between state oral health care programs could further our understanding of how public policy can improve population oral health. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Men, non-Hispanic Blacks, mixed and other race minorities, and low socioeconomic status adults are most at risk of unmet dental needs. States can address these needs by expanding Medicaid coverage for adults.

Psychosocial Predictors of Depression among Central American Immigrants

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1237-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Hovey
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Central American ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Future ◽  
Central American Immigrants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

The present study investigated the relationship between stress and depression associated with acculturation among Central American immigrants (64 women, 14 men) and identified the best predictors of depression among Central American immigrants. Elevated acculturative stress was significantly associated with higher depression. Family dysfunction, ineffective social support, lack of hopefulness toward the future, and low socioeconomic status were also significantly associated with high depression. The overall findings suggest that Central American immigrants who report high acculturative stress may be “at risk” for experiencing depression and that effective family and social support, hopefulness toward the future, and socioeconomic status may serve to protect against depression during acculturation.

scholarly journals Low socioeconomic status relates to asthma and wheeze, especially in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 00258-2019
Author(s):  
Christian Schyllert ◽  
Anne Lindberg ◽  
Linnea Hedman ◽  
Caroline Stridsman ◽  
Martin Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with asthma and wheezing. Occupational group, educational level and income are commonly used indicators for SES, but no single indicator can illustrate the entire complexity of SES. The aim was to investigate how different indicators of SES associate with current asthma, allergic and nonallergic, and asthmatic wheeze.In 2016, a random sample of the population aged 20–79 years in Northern Sweden were invited to a postal questionnaire survey, with 58% participating (n=6854). The survey data were linked to the national Integrated Database for Labour Market Research by Statistics Sweden for the previous calendar year, 2015. Included SES indicators were occupation, educational level and income.Manual workers had increased risk for asthmatic wheeze, and manual workers in service for current asthma, especially allergic asthma. Primary school education associated with nonallergic asthma, whereas it tended to be inversely associated with allergic asthma. Low income was associated with asthmatic wheeze. Overall, the findings were more prominent among women, and interaction analyses between sex and income revealed that women, but not men, with low income had an increased risk both for asthmatic wheeze and current asthma, especially allergic asthma.To summarise, the different indicators of socioeconomic status illustrated various aspects of associations between low SES and asthma and wheeze, and the most prominent associations were found among women.

Loss of control is not necessary to induce behavioral consequences of deprivation: The case of religious fasting during Ramadan

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Salari Rad ◽  
Jeremy Ginges
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Behavioral Consequences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Future ◽  
Religious Fasting

AbstractPepper & Nettle argue that the more present-oriented behavior associated with a low socioeconomic status is an adaptive response to having relatively little control over the future. However, a study of fasters during Ramadan shows that self-imposed deprivation, which carries no implications regarding the ability to realize deferred rewards, is associated with loss and risk aversion.

Associations of rural residence and low socioeconomic status on the risk of new onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) in cancer patients.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
Atul Batra ◽  
Shiying Kong ◽  
Rodrigo Rigo ◽  
Winson Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Low Education

90 Background: Cancer patients are predisposed to CVD due to cancer treatments and shared risk factors (smoking/physical inactivity). We aimed to assess if rural residence and low socioeconomic status (SES) modify the risk of developing CVD. Methods: Patients diagnosed with non-metastatic solid organ cancers without baseline CVD in a large Canadian province from 2004 to 2017 were identified using the population-based registry. Postal codes were linked with Census data to determine rural residence as well as neighborhood-level income and educational attainment. Low income was defined as <46000 CAD/annum; low education was defined as a neighborhood in which <80% attended high school. Myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, arrythmias and cerebrovascular accident constituted as CVD.We performed logistic regression analyses to examine the associations of rural residence and low SES with the development of CVD, adjusting for measured confounding variables. Results: We identified 81,275 patients diagnosed with cancer without pre-existing CVD. The median age was 62 years and 54.2% were women. The most prevalent cancer types included breast (28.6%), prostate (23.1%), and colorectal (14.9%). At a median follow-up of 68 months, 29.4% were diagnosed with new CVD. The median time from cancer diagnosis to CVD was 29 months. Rural patients (32.3 vs 28.4%,P < .001) and those with low income (30.4% vs 25.9%,P < .001) or low educational attainment (30.7% vs 27.6%,P < .001) experienced higher rates of CVD. After adjusting for baseline factors and treatment, rural residence (odds ratio[OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval[CI], 1.04-1.11;P < .001), low income (OR,1.17;95%CI,1.12-1.21;P < .001) and low education (OR,1.08;95%CI,1.04-1.11;P < .001) continued to associate with higher odds of CVD. Further, patients with colorectal cancer were more likely to develop CVD compared with other tumors (OR,1.12;95% CI,1.04-1.16;P = .001). A multivariate Cox regression model showed that patients with low SES were more likely to die, but patients residing rurally were not. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of cancer survivors develop CVD on follow-up. Despite universal healthcare, marginalized populations experience different CVD risk profiles that should be considered when operationalizing lifestyle modification strategies and cardiac surveillance programs. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status determines COVID-19 incidence and related mortality in Santiago, Chile

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabg5298
Author(s):  
Gonzalo E. Mena ◽  
Pamela P. Martinez ◽  
Ayesha S. Mahmud ◽  
Pablo A. Marquet ◽  
Caroline O. Buckee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
Related Mortality

The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted cities particularly hard. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of disease incidence and mortality, and their dependence on demographic and socioeconomic strata in Santiago, a highly segregated city and the capital of Chile. Our analyses show a strong association between socioeconomic status and both COVID-19 outcomes and public health capacity. People living in municipalities with low socioeconomic status did not reduce their mobility during lockdowns as much as those in more affluent municipalities. Testing volumes may have been insufficient early in the pandemic in those places, and both test positivity rates and testing delays were much higher. We find a strong association between socioeconomic status and mortality, measured either by COVID-19 attributed deaths or excess deaths. Finally, we show that infection fatality rates in young people are higher in low-income municipalities. Together, these results highlight the critical consequences of socioeconomic inequalities on health outcomes.

Associations of Socioeconomic Status and Rurality With New-Onset Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.20.01053
Author(s):  
Atul Batra ◽  
Shiying Kong ◽  
Winson Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
New Onset

PURPOSE: Patients with cancer are predisposed to develop new-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess if rural residence and low socioeconomic status modify such a risk. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with solid organ cancers without any baseline CVD and on a follow-up of at least 1 year in a large Canadian province from 2004 to 2017 were identified using the population-based registry. We performed logistic regression analyses to examine the associations of rural residence and low socioeconomic status with the development of CVD. RESULTS: We identified 81,418 patients eligible for the analysis. The median age was 62 years, and 54.3% were women. At a median follow-up of 68 months, 29.4% were diagnosed with new CVD. The median time from cancer diagnosis to CVD diagnosis was 29 months. Rural patients (32.3% v 28.5%; P < .001) and those with low income (30.4% v 25.9%; P < .001) or low educational attainment (30.7% v 27.6%; P < .001) experienced higher rates of CVD. After adjusting for baseline factors and treatment, rural residence (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.11; P < .001), low income (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.21; P < .001), and low education (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.11; P < .001) continued to be associated with higher odds of CVD. A multivariate Cox regression model showed that patients with low socioeconomic status were more likely to die, but patients residing rurally were not. CONCLUSION: Despite universal health care, marginalized populations experience different CVD risk profiles that should be considered when operationalizing lifestyle modification strategies and cardiac surveillance programs for the growing number of cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Increase in BMI in Adults over 60 Years of Low Income in Mexico: Comparison of 2012 with 2018 (P18-034-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Munoz-Espinosa ◽  
Lucia Cuevas-Nasu ◽  
Marco Antonio Avila ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Abstract Objectives Describe the changes in the magnitude and distribution of the Body Mass Index (BMI) in older adults of low socioeconomic status who are beneficiaries of a social program (Prospera) in Mexico, according to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods We analyzed data of weight and height of older adults (>60 years) obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Mexico (ENSANUT) of the years 2012 and 2018. The ENSANUT is a probabilistic and multistage survey with national representativeness. We calculated the BMI and classified older adults into three stages (Underweight (UW), Overweight (OW) and Obesity (OB)) in accordance with the methodology and cut-off points specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Prevalences were estimated by sex, age, the area of residence, and geographic region. Then, the ENSANUT 2012 and 2018 were compared, identifying if the household was of low socioeconomic status and if it was beneficiary of the social program “Prospera”. Results 7.1% of women beneficiaries of Prospera, over 80 years old, were classified with UW, as well as 3.5% of women in the South region. 7.5% of men, beneficiaries of Prospera, over 60 years old who live in the North Region, had UW. In women older than 60 years, OW + OB increased from 2012 to 2018, both in those that were not beneficiaries (76% in 2012 vs 82.1% in 2018) and in those that were beneficiaries of Prospera (61% in 2012 vs 68.2% in 2018). The proportion of men older than 60 years beneficiaries of Prospera, with OW + OB, decreased in the urban area (76.6% in 2012 Vs. 49.3% in 2018) and, in men who were not beneficiaries of Prospera (71.1% in 2012 Vs 24.2% in 2018). Conclusions The number of older adults in Mexico is increasing and the prevalence of OW, mainly among women, is getting higher. It is important to take immediate actions given the health complications associated with overweight and obesity. Funding Sources Mexico´s Government.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Good Affordable Food Intervention for Adults with Low Socioeconomic Status and Small Incomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathelijne M.H.H. Bessems ◽  
Evelyne Linssen ◽  
Marion Lomme ◽  
Patricia Van Assema
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Post Test

Good Affordable Food (GAF) is a small-group nutrition education intervention for adults with low socioeconomic status and small incomes. It aims to empower participants to save money on groceries and consume healthier diets. This paper reports the short-term and longer-term effects on behavioural determinants and self-reported behavioural changes. A quasi-experimental control group design was applied with a baseline measurement, a post-test immediately after the intervention, and a follow-up measurement after six months. The study included 237 participants (intervention group: n = 131; control group: n = 106) at baseline, 197 at post-test, and 152 at follow-up. Data were collected by telephone, mostly using closed interview questions. Positive short-term and longer-term effects were found for attitude towards the costs of healthy foods, food label use, and the use of liquid butter or oil to prepare hot meals. Short-term intervention effects related to knowledge towards saving money on groceries, self-efficacy towards healthy eating, portion size awareness, and mindful eating. GAF was effective in changing some determinants and behaviours related to cost and food consumption, however, mostly in the short term. Thereby, it is an example of combining pricing and health information in nutrition education that developers of effective nutrition education for low-income groups can build on.

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