Of skyhooks and the coevolution of scientific disciplines

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-837
Author(s):  
Donald R. Franceschetti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Future Science ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Two Bodies

The history of the natural sciences repeatedly shows that the unification of a higher level theory with a lower level theory by reduction does not eliminate the need for the higher level theory nor preclude its further development, leading to changes in the understanding of the lower level. The radical neuron doctrine proposes that the future science of psychology or linguistics will derive principally from the evolution of understanding at the neural level and not from current theories based on the observation of behavior. It is far more likely that the two bodies of theory will coevolve in semiautonomous fashion.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

The development of biomedical gerontology in Ukraine – a historical priority

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2b) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
I. Stambler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
National Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
International Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

Celebrating the 30th anniversary of Ukraine's independence, it is important to remember the historical achievements of Ukrainian science, to honor the heroes of the science of the past and to draw inspiration from their achievements for the development of science of the future. In this regard, the history of medicine, as a special academic discipline, plays a vital role an important academic and civic role, as it helps to trace the medical scientific achievements of the past and draw conclusions about their strengths and priorities for future national and international growth and development. Analyzing the scientific strengths and priorities of science and medicine in Ukraine, it is safe to say that biomedical gerontology is one of the most important scientific and historical values and priorities of Ukraine on a global scale. There are good reasons to continue and develop this tradition, building on the strengths that exist, drawing inspiration from the past and looking to the future. Currently, the development of biomedical gerontology is becoming increasingly important for Ukraine, given the rapid aging of the country's population. The resulting economic and social problems are related to the aging population, which puts biomedical gerontology as a discipline that seeks solutions to achieve healthy and productive longevity, at the forefront of social significance, demanding further development and support of this field for the sake of internal national stability, and to preserve the country's international contribution. It is hoped that the outstanding history of biomedical gerontology in Ukraine, its honorable historical place in national development and international cooperation, will inspire further growing support and development of this field in Ukraine and abroad.

scholarly journals The Economics of Religion in a Globalizing World: Communist China and Post-Communist Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07041
Author(s):  
Pavol Minárik
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Central European ◽  
Economics Of Religion ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Communist China ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

Research background: Religion is often neglected by economists despite the existing studies of its importance for the economy. Religion and culture shape the development of informal and formal institutions and hence impact economic development. Considering the economic importance of China, the religious situation in that country deserves attention; at the same time, due to the peculiar conditions of religion under Communism, the future of religion in China seems rather unclear. Purpose of the article: The paper proposes that the economics of religion may be useful in the analysis of the religious situation in China. It shows the possibilities of applying the economic approach even where markets are suppressed, such as under Communist rule. In light of economic theory, it shows that the experience of Central European countries under Communist rule, particularly Czechoslovakia, may provide clues about the future of religion in China. Methods: The paper builds on previous findings in the economics of religion. It reviews the theories concerning the regulation of the religious markets and the effects of deregulation, as well as the theories specifically developed to analyze religion under heavy regelation and the strategies for its survival. The history of Communist China and Czechoslovakia are compared with regard to those theories. Findings & Value added: The paper shows the similarities between Communist China and Czechoslovakia. The parallels seem useful to predict the further development of religion in China, including the effect of the possible tightening of anti-religious policies as well as those of deregulation upon the liberalization of the Chinese political regime.

Higher Education engagement in citizen enhanced open science: Between Humanities and Natural Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Zourou ◽  
Mariana Ziku
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Multimethod Research ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of

<p>The importance of HEIs in supporting and promoting open science is highlighted in several EU policies. Among them, the 2017 Report of the Working Group on Education and Skills under Open Science emphasizes the need to shape HE students/next generation researchers as “open science citizens”. More precisely: “The European Research Area (ERA) should work in closer collaboration with the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) (...), enabling the next generations of researchers to evolve as Open Science citizens (...) New generations of scientists and researchers, as the driving force for innovation and economic growth, are of vital importance to Europe's future competitiveness and leadership” (p. 16).</p><p>Our study problematizes on the role of HEIs as incubators of the next generation open science citizens (in terms of HE staff and student skills, curricula and interdisciplinarity), including a niche of cross-disciplinary humanities and natural sciences applied cases, where institutions situated in a broader social context leverage citizens in knowledge creation processes through professional-amateur (pro-am) collaborations, and in decision making in diverse populations as urban, Indigenous or special needs communities (active citizenship, civic engagement, citizen science). </p><p>The study, initiated by the European project CitizenHeritage ("Citizen Science Practices in Cultural Heritage: towards a Sustainable Model in Higher Education", https://www.citizenheritage.eu/ ) presents the analysis resulting from a desktop research and a survey on practices conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. The presentation focuses on a number of registered practices that bridge scientific disciplines in the areas of earth and life sciences, history of science and cultural heritage, producing a substantial, evidence-based review of multimethod research practices of Higher Education engagement in citizen enhanced open science.</p>

scholarly journals The problem of training future teachers of Natural Sciences: analytical review

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Nadiia Gramatik
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Future Science ◽  
The Future ◽  
Biological Education

The reforming of school natural science education is part of the process aimed at updating educational systems, which has a general European tendency. The content orientation of the field representing natural sciences of general secondary education towards the formation of core competences and effective mechanisms of their introduction causes intensive changes in the training process intended for the future science teachers of the new formation. The component of natural education is biological education which is realized by studying Biology as a school course. Since natural knowledge in the process of external interaction purposefully influence the formation of schoolchildren’s natural outlook, this is the social order that determines the content of biological education and the potential within the education of a certain type of personality. Therefore, the new formats of biological education in the context of the New Ukrainian School are aimed at forming schoolchildren’s motivation for educational and cognitive activities, life competencies, and an active life position. The driving force facilitating the realization of innovations in biological education is a competent teacher as a subject of an innovative educational activity. In this case, the priority way in the professional training of future science teachers is the shift of emphasis from the amount of knowledge to the development of pedagogical interaction skills. This is the ability of the future specialist to work in a team, to negotiate, to make prudent decisions that makes him / her competitive. The basic condition for such an activity is the professional potential of the future teacher which manifests itself in his / her readiness for creative interaction with schoolchildren. The transfer of the study of Biology into the plane of the competence-based educational environment focuses educators’ attention on the person-centred approach to learning. The relationship between the teacher and the schoolchildren should be collaborative, in the course of which schoolchildren become not only the objects of influence, but also become participants of a joint activity. According to these approaches to teaching Biology, the interaction of the subjects of the educational process acquires organized forms of cooperation, the specific characteristic of which is the complementarity of the schoolchild and the teacher. The obviousness of the dialogical educational interaction contributes to the introduction of the elements of teachers’ / students’ creativity into the pedagogical process and motivates them to intellectual growth. Subjectivity as a paradigmatic feature of biology education lies in the pedagogical position of the teacher, since it is profession-oriented and determines the personalization of pedagogical interaction. Therefore, the subjective factor of the pedagogical activity of future teachers of natural sciences becomes a kind of trajectory of self-development and self-affirmation. Keywords: subject, competence-oriented teacher, pedagogical interaction, person-oriented environment, pedagogical communication.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Oskari Kuusela
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Gottlob Frege ◽  
Rudolf Carnap ◽  
Peter Strawson ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Philosophical Progress

Gottlob Frege and Bertand Russell are widely regarded as the founders of analytic philosophy. A longer list also includes G. E. Moore and Ludwig Wittgenstein. This is not because analytic philosophers subscribe to Frege’s and Russell’s views about particular philosophical matters. It is hard to think of examples of such agreed-upon views. Rather, Frege’s and Russell’s role as founders is due, before all, to certain methodological ideas which they introduced. Especially important in this regard is the idea that philosophical progress could be achieved by means of the methods of symbolic or mathematical logic to whose development both contributed in important ways. This book, in essence, is an examination of Frege’s and Russell’s methodological and logical ideas and their further development and transformation by certain other philosophers, especially Ludwig Wittgenstein, but also Rudolf Carnap and Peter Strawson. It is in this sense a book on methodology in analytic philosophy. And although the book assumes the form of the examination of the history of analytic philosophy, especially the work of Wittgenstein, it is just as much—or more—about the future of analytic philosophy. The underlying question that motivates this book is what analytic philosophy could be or become, and whether it is possible for it to redeem its original promise of progress. For it seems fair to say that progress has been less impressive than Russell promised and more controversial than he may have expected (see ...

scholarly journals Back to the science of life

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-147
Author(s):  
Anton Markoš ◽  
Fatima Cvrčková
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Further Development

We give a survey of epistemological and ontological approaches that have left traces in the 20th-century biology. A common motive of most of them is the effort to incorporate biology into the realm of physical sciences. However, such attempts failed, and must fail in the future, unless the criterion for what science is becomes biologically oriented. This means broadening the realm of classical natural sciences, incorporating at least part of the thesaurus of the “humanities”. We suggest three mutually complementary candidates for further development in this direction: modular biology, the hermeneutics of the living, and the semiotic disciplines.

scholarly journals Loss Reserving Models: Granular and Machine Learning Forms

Risks ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
Loss Reserving ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Machine Learning Models

The purpose of this paper is to survey recent developments in granular models and machine learning models for loss reserving, and to compare the two families with a view to assessment of their potential for future development. This is best understood against the context of the evolution of these models from their predecessors, and the early sections recount relevant archaeological vignettes from the history of loss reserving. However, the larger part of the paper is concerned with the granular models and machine learning models. Their relative merits are discussed, as are the factors governing the choice between them and the older, more primitive models. Concluding sections briefly consider the possible further development of these models in the future.

scholarly journals Ernst Cassirer’s Posthumous Grandchildren and the Paradigm Shift of Davos

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enno Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Core Message

Abstract Scholars who are members of a generation descending from a founder of a philosophical school might be titled as “children.” Those members are characterized as scholars who continue the doctrines of the founder into the future. In the history of ideas there are many examples for such scholarly lineages. Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy was less suitable for generating a successorship in the sense of a filiation: That became dramatically obvious at the famous debate between Martin Heidegger and himself in Davos. Heidegger seemed to be the philosopher of the future by developing a “new essentialism” which shall be expounded as the core-message of his doctrine; this is elaborated in the first chapter of this essay. Only in the post-war generations and long time after Cassirer’s death, eminent scholars working in different scientific disciplines and in different countries based their public research – more or less explicitly – on Cassirer’s philosophy of culture. The second section will discuss three famous examples: Nelson Goodman’s Semiology, Pierre Bourdieu’s Sociology of Symbolic Forms and lastly the Political Philosophy of Jürgen Habermas.

scholarly journals Revival of a Dusty Old Profession

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Sven Tarp
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
The State ◽  
Inaugural Lecture ◽  
Present Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Further Development

This text is the inaugural lecture presented by Professor Sven Tarp at the Aarhus School of Business on March 14, 2008. Firstly, the text provides a brief retrospect of the history of lexicography with emphasis on the experience of the big Chinese encyclopedias and the fi rst big National Danish Dictionary. On this basis, it calls for the further development of an independent theory of lexicography in order to go beyond the experience of past and present lexicographic works and project the discipline into the future. It then discusses some of the problems hampering this process. With a call for innovation, it urges the lexicographers to produce the works that are really needed by users and the State to fi nance the production of such tools of national, cultural, social and economic importance in the present information era. Finally, it concludes that the researchers in lexicography need the audacity to go beyond the usual boundaries and generate new ideas, even if they are initially not welcomed or even understood.

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