Jean Hotman’s Syllabus of Eirenical Literature

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
G.H.M. Posthumus Meyjes ◽  
J.C. Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Fourth Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Development Step

If one wishes to investigate the history of the development of an idea, two approaches are possible. One is to begin at the beginning, following the development step by step until one reaches the stage at which the idea attains its fullest flowering. The other approach is precisely the reverse. One chooses a point of departure in the final phase and then works backwards to the moment at which the idea first appeared. This latter method has many practical advantages in research. One can see the phenomenon in its most mature form, and thus more easily recognise its components and their earlier relationship.When, some years ago, I decided to devote a lecture to eirenism in the sixteenth century, my preparation followed the second approach. I chose as my starting point the work of a renowned eirenist of a later generation, Hugo Grotius. Leafing through the fourth volume of the Basel edition of his Opera Theologica, my attention was drawn to an entry Via ad pacem ecclesiasticam. It proved to comprise a number of miscellaneous documents, some of them by Grotius himself, some of them his annotations on the work of others, and yet others evidently added to the dossier because they fitted into the framework of eirensim. I decided to delve more deeply into this collection, which was first published as a separate work in 1642.

Epidemics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity

This book challenges a dominant hypothesis in the study of epidemics. From an interdisciplinary array of scholars, a consensus has emerged: invariably, epidemics in past times provoked class hatred, blame of the ‘other’, or victimization of the diseases’ victims. It is also claimed that when diseases were mysterious, without cures or preventive measures, they more readily provoked ‘sinister connotations’. The evidence for these assumptions, however, comes from a handful of examples—the Black Death, the Great Pox at the end of the sixteenth century, cholera riots of the 1830s, and AIDS, centred almost exclusively on the US experience. By investigating thousands of descriptions of epidemics, reaching back before the fifth-century BCE Plague of Athens to the eruption of Ebola in 2014, this study traces epidemics’ socio-psychological consequences across time and discovers a radically different picture. First, scholars, especially post-AIDS, have missed a fundamental aspect of the history of epidemics: their remarkable power to unify societies across class, race, ethnicity, and religion, spurring self-sacrifice and compassion. Second, hatred and violence cannot be relegated to a time when diseases were mysterious, before the ‘laboratory revolution’ of the late nineteenth century: in fact, modernity was the great incubator of a disease–hate nexus. Third, even with diseases that have tended to provoke hatred, such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, plague, and cholera, blaming ‘the other’ or victimizing disease bearers has been rare. Instead, the history of epidemics and their socio-psychological consequences has been richer and more varied than scholars and public intellectuals have heretofore allowed.

The Abbatial Election at Citeaux in 1625

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Louis J. Lekai
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
General Decline ◽  
History Of

The sixteenth century was a crucial period in the history of French monasticism. In addition to the causes of a general decline throughout Europe, in France two peculiar developments precipitated a nearly fatal collapse of monastic establishments. One was the commendatory system that spread over the whole country following the Concordat of Bologna in 1516. Royally appointed commendatory abbots, whose only concern was the collection of their share of monastic income, contributed much to the moral and material decline of the institutions supposedly under their care. The other and even more devastating calamity was the series of religious and civil wars during the second half of the century that resulted in the pillage and partial or total destruction of hundreds of monasteries.

Der Fall des Philosophen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Gekle
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
History Of ◽  
Painful Experience ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

The history of mental development on the one and the history of his writings on the other hand form the two separate but essentially intertwined strands of an archeology of Ernst Bloch´s thought undertaken in this book. Bloch as a philosopher is peculiar in that his initial access to thought rose from the depths of early, painful experience. To give expression to this experience, he not only needed to develop new categories, but first and foremost had to find words for it: the experience of the uncanny and the abysmal, of which he tells in Spuren, is on the level of philosophical theory juxtaposed by the “Dunkel des gerade gelebten Augenblicks” (darkness of the moment just lived) and his discovery of a “Noch-nicht-Bewusstes” (not-yet-conscious), thus metaphysically undermining the classical Oedipus complex in the succession of Freud. In this book, psyche, work and the history of the 20th century appear concentrated in Ernst Bloch the philosopher and contemporary witness, who paid tribute to these supra-individual powers in his work as much as he hoped to transgress them.

scholarly journals Authoring Bioconductor workflows with BiocWorkflowTools

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Mike L. Smith ◽  
Andrzej K. Oleś ◽  
Wolfgang Huber
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Source Document ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Degree

The Bioconductor Gateway on the F1000Research platform is a channel for peer-reviewed and citable publication of end-to-end data analysis workflows rooted in the Bioconductor ecosystem. In addition to the largely static journal publication, it is hoped that authors will also deposit their workflows as executable documents on Bioconductor, where the benefits of regular code testing and easy updating can be realized. Ideally these two endpoints would be met from a single source document. However, so far this has not been easy, due to lack of a technical solution that meets both the requirements of the F1000Research article submission format and the executable documents on Bioconductor. Submission to the platform requires a LaTeX file, which many authors traditionally have produced by writing an Rnw document for Sweave or knitr. On the other hand, to produce the HTML rendering of the document hosted by Bioconductor, the most straightforward starting point is the R Markdown format. Tools such as pandoc enable conversion between many formats, but typically a high degree of manual intervention used to be required to satisfactorily handle aspects such as floating figures, cross-references, literature references, and author affiliations. The BiocWorkflowTools package aims to solve this problem by enabling authors to work with R Markdown right up until the moment they wish to submit to the platform.

scholarly journals IMAGINAÇÃO, CRIATIVIDADE E LIBERDADE: PENSAR A ÉTICA RELACIONAL EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Raquel Marta
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Intervention ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
Ethical Thinking ◽  
The Moment

Sublinhando as formas fundamentais da subjectividade subjacentes à intervenção do assistente social, o presente artigo explora diferentes contributos para a ética no serviço social contemporâneo. O trabalho do filósofo alemão Fichte fornece-nos o ponto de partida para a incorporação da imaginação e da liberdade no pensar ético. O acto da invenção criativa não é um acto solitário, mas antes um acto animado na e pela relação com o Outro. Nesta relação, a atenção ao contexto, ao instante, ao acontecimento e à singularidade que contribuem para o pensar e o agir ético do assistente social são ainda considerados sob diferentes perspectivas. Underlining the fundamental forms of subjectivity implicit on the of social work intervention, this article explores different contributions to contemporary social ethics. The work of the German philosopher Fichte provides a starting point from which to incorporate imagination and freedom in ethical thinking. The act of creative invention is not a solitary act, but developed in and through the relation with the Other. In this relation, attention to the context, to the moment and uniqueness of the ethical event are also considered as contributes to the social worker ethical thinking and action.

L. A. Beaurline and the Illusion of Completeness

PMLA ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Ejner J. Jensen ◽  
L. A. Beaurline
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

Scholarship, like most human activities, has its fashions. One mode very much in the ascendant at the moment is that which concerns itself with the relation between literary forms and other intellectual structures in a given era ; its method might be described as a combination of the history of ideas with a sort of formalism. L. A. Beaurline's recent article on Ben Jonson, in its design and strategy, illustrates this approach.1 The overall design of such a paper may be indicated as follows: the scholar describes a concept for which he claims wide intellectual acceptance; next, he shows how this concept may be traced in certain literary works. After this initial demonstration, his strategy consists primarily of moving between specific works of literature and other manifestations of the concept to show how each class illuminates the other and how each substantiates the other's status. The end of all this activity is not merely increased understanding of the temper of an age, nor is it merely a clearer view of the works under discussion; ideally, it is both.

Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905–80)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Howells
Keyword(s):  
Collective Choice ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Dialectical Reason ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phenomenological Account ◽  
Material Conditions

Sartre was a philosopher of paradox: an existentialist who attempted a reconciliation with Marxism, a theorist of freedom who explored the notion of predestination. From the mid-1930s to the late-1940s, Sartre was in his ‘classical’ period. He explored the history of theories of imagination leading up to that of Husserl, and developed his own phenomenological account of imagination as the key to the freedom of consciousness. He analysed human emotions, arguing that emotion is a freely chosen mode of relationship to the outside world. In his major philosophical work, L’Être et le Néant(Being and Nothingness) (1943a), Sartre distinguished between consciousness and all other beings: consciousness is always at least tacitly conscious of itself, hence it is essentially ‘for itself’ (pour-soi) – free, mobile and spontaneous. Everything else, lacking this self-consciousness, is just what it is ‘in-itself’ (en-soi); it is ‘solid’ and lacks freedom. Consciousness is always engaged in the world of which it is conscious, and in relationships with other consciousnesses. These relationships are conflictual: they involve a battle to maintain the position of subject and to make the other into an object. This battle is inescapable. Although Sartre was indeed a philosopher of freedom, his conception of freedom is often misunderstood. Already in Being and Nothingness human freedom operates against a background of facticity and situation. My facticity is all the facts about myself which cannot be changed – my age, sex, class of origin, race and so on; my situation may be modified, but it still constitutes the starting point for change and roots consciousness firmly in the world. Freedom is not idealized by Sartre; it is always within a given set of circumstances, after a particular past, and against the expectations of both myself and others that I make my free choices. My personal history conditions the range of my options. From the 1950s onwards Sartre became increasingly politicized and was drawn to attempt a reconciliation between existentialism and Marxism. This was the aim of the Critique de la raison dialectique (Critique of Dialectical Reason) (1960) which recognized more fully than before the effect of historical and material conditions on individual and collective choice. An attempt to explore this interplay in action underlies both his biography of Flaubert and his own autobiography.

scholarly journals Ansatzpunkte für eine Theologie des Neuen Testaments bei Oscar Cullmann und Leonhard Goppelt

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gräbe
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Salvation History ◽  
Existential Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

Points of departure for a theology of the New Testament: Oscar Cullmann and Leonhard Goppelt Both Cullmann and Goppelt offer alternative positions to an existential approach to New Testament theology. After a consideration of Oscar Cullmann’s position in the history of New Testament theology, special attention is given to his concept of salvation history, as well as a critical evaluation of this concept. Goppelt associates himself with the hermeneutical point of departure of Cullmann and Von Rad. Salvation history is, however, filled with new content through reflection on the earthly Jesus. Goppelt’s starting point for a theology of the New Testament is not found in a general easier ‘kerygma’, but in the unfolding of Jesus’ words and deeds.

The Primal Scattering of Languages

1998 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Karin Littau
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Accidental Release ◽  
Creation Myth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Positive Light

In After Babel, George Steiner recounts ‘two main conjectures’ in mythology which explain ‘the mystery of many tongues on which a view of translation hinges.’ One such mythic tale is the tower of Babel, which not only Steiner, but also Jacques Derrida after him, take as their starting point to approach the question of translation; the other conjecture tells of 'some awful error [which] was committed, an accidental release of linguistic chaos, in the mode of Pandora’s Box' (Steiner). This paper will take this other conjecture, the myth of Pandora, first woman of the Greek creation myth, as its point of departure, not only to offer a feminized version of the primal scattering of languages, but to rewrite in a positive light and therefore also toreverse the negative and misogynist association of Pandora with "man’s" fall. But, rather than exposing the entrenched patriarchal bias in mythographers’ interpretations of Pandora, my foremost aim is to pose, through her figure, questions about language and woman, and, by extension, the mother tongue and female sexuality.

Willing Evil

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Henrik Lagerlund ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
William Ockham ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

In this article, I present two virtually unknown sixteenth-century views of human freedom, that is, the views of Bartolomaeus de Usingen (1465–1532) and Jodocus Trutfetter (1460–1519) on the one hand and John Mair (1470–1550) on the other. Their views serve as a natural context and partial background to the more famous debate on human freedom between Martin Luther (1483–1556) and Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466–1536) from 1524–1526. Usingen and Trutfetter were Luther’s philosophy teachers in Erfurt. In a passage from Book III of John Mair’s commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics from 1530, he seems to defend a view of human freedom by which we can will evil for the sake of evil. Very few thinkers in the history of philosophy have defended such a view. The most famous medieval thinker to do so is William Ockham (1288–1347). To illustrate how radical this view is, I place him in the historical context of such thinkers as Plato, Augustine, Buridan, and Descartes.

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