Retirement-age preferences of women and men aged 55–64 years in Sweden

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIIU SOIDRE
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Push And Pull

This article presents an analysis of the factors that were associated with preferences for ‘early retirement’ or ‘late exit’ from paid work in Sweden. It draws upon special questions that were added to the country's Labour Force Survey of 2001 and were put to a sample of more than 1,000 people aged 55–64 years who were (self-) employed. Separate models of the factors influencing women's and men's preferred retirement age were calibrated, using variables that described current working conditions, whether the respondents perceived themselves as being appreciated as employees, and their attitudes to work and to private or home life. Among the findings, a positive attitude towards work motivated both women and men to stay in work beyond the normal retirement age, while positive attitudes towards private life promoted an early exit. Poor working conditions generated negative attitudes towards work (and vice versa). The strengths of various push and pull factors were gender-specific: for women, a trying job tended to push them out of the labour market; for men, a socially-rewarding job tended to keep them in the labour force. The more that men worked mainly for pecuniary reasons, the stronger their wish for an early exit. Men who felt that they were unappreciated at work preferred early retirement: in some of these cases, the ‘push’ factor was related to ageism. As people approach retirement age, many appear to reconceptualise more positively their life outside the work place.

scholarly journals Employees’ Longer Working Lives in Europe: Drivers and Barriers in Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1658
Author(s):  
Andrea Principi ◽  
Jürgen Bauknecht ◽  
Mirko Di Rosa ◽  
Marco Socci
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
European Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Legal Retirement Age

This paper identifies, within companies’ sectors of activity, predictors of Human Resource (HR) policies to extend working life (EWL) in light of increasing policy efforts at the European level to extend working life. Three types of EWL practices are investigated: the prevention of early retirement (i.e., encouraging employees to continue working until the legal retirement age); delay of retirement (i.e., encouraging employees to continue working beyond the legal retirement age); and, recruitment of employees who are already retired (i.e., unretirement). A sample of 4624 European organizations that was stratified by size and sector is analyzed in six countries. The main drivers for companies’ EWL practices are the implementation of measures for older workers to improve their performance, their working conditions, and to reduce costs. In industry, the qualities and skills of older workers could be more valued than in other sectors, while the adoption of EWL practices might be less affected by external economic and labor market factors in the public sector. Dutch and Italian employers may be less prone than others to extend working lives. These results underline the importance of raising employers’ awareness and increase their actions to extend employees’ working lives by adopting age management initiatives, especially in SMEs, and in the services and public sectors.

Attitudes toward Work and Retirement in Sweden: A Multigroup, Multivariate Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Skoglund
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Attitudes

This study examines various work and retirement orientations and ascertains how they apply to four a priori-defined groups. Questionnaire data from an age-stratified random sample of 584 men and women, aged sixty to seventy-five, were analyzed by means of stepwise multiple discriminant analysis. Fourteen out of twenty-five variables contributed significantly to three functions, correctly classifying 54 per cent of the individuals. It was found that preretirees, although anticipating loss of employment after retiring, displayed the least work satisfaction and preferred a lower retirement age, manifesting simultaneous positive attitudes toward retirees and their gatherings; early retirees were characterized by negative attitudes toward work as well as retirement and by ambiguous views of retirees and social integration; working retirees appeared the most work-oriented and evidenced distaste for retirement; fully retired persons were characterized as retirement-oriented and as being negative toward social activities. The results are discussed within the context of previous hypotheses and related findings.

scholarly journals GENDER GAP INDEX FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Shweta Tewari ◽  
Rajshree Chouhan ◽  
Sanjeev
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate

Women account for nearly half of the human resources of a nation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. In India, in spite of focus on women empowerment, condition of women at the work place is not very encouraging. Women often face greater barriers than men in terms of securing a decent jobs, wages and conducive working conditions. Provisions relating to women’s work were introduced in 1891, with amendment of the Factories Act, 1881. After independence, number of provisions has been made in the constitutions to protect the welfare of women workers. Number of protective legislations have also been made and implemented by the government for the interest of women workers. The basic objective behind implementation of these legislation are to provide equal and a decent level of remuneration, proper child care center , maternity relief and decent working conditions to women workers. Despite these constitutional and legislative arrangements to reduce gender gap, women in India are facing discrimination at work place and suffer from harassment. The present paper critically reviewed the effectiveness of government policies and legislations framed and enacted for the welfare of women workers. It also examines the gender dimensions of the trends in various aspects of labour market viz. labour force participation rate, workforce participation rate, unemployment rate and wage rate. An attempt has been made to capture the discrimination at work by computing Gender Gap Index using major indicators of labour market. For computing the index, data for the last four decades has been used. The analysis shows that there are gaps in effective enforcement of relevant laws and implementation of women responsive policies. The gender gap index for employment opportunities and the analysis of major employment indicators showed that gender gap is increasing in many aspects. Major indicators of employment such as Labour Force participation rate, Worker population ratio, Unemployment rate and wages now have larger gender gaps than before.

Attritie bij senior leerkrachten: oorzaken en motieven van hun (vroegtijdige) uittrede

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip van Droogenbroeck ◽  
Mark Elchardus ◽  
Jessy Siongers ◽  
Bram Spruyt
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Retirement Decision ◽  
Retired Teachers

Attrition amongst senior teachers: Causes and motives of their (early) retirement Attrition amongst senior teachers: Causes and motives of their (early) retirement In several countries teachers retire earlier than the official retirement age. This article examines the causes and motives of (early) retirement amongst senior teachers aged between 45 and 65 in Flanders. Using multivariate linear regression we analyse the preferred retirement age of working teachers (n = 1.878) and the actual retirement age of retired teachers (n = 1.246). Teachers who feel financially secure, have a working partner and have a positive attitude towards retirement, stop working earlier. Also emotional exhaustion and dissatisfaction with non-teaching related workload (such as meetings, administration) has an important influence on the retirement decision. Results show that the majority of teachers make use of early exit schemes which illustrates a widespread ‘early exit culture’ amongst senior teachers.

Beyond retirement: who stays at work after the standard age of retirement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Anxo ◽  
Thomas Ericson ◽  
Anna Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose Drawing on a unique combination of longitudinal administrative data and a postal survey, the purpose of this paper is to identify the socio-economic factors and individual characteristics that affect senior citizens’ decision to continue working on the Swedish labour market after the standard retirement age. Design/methodology/approach By using standard econometric techniques (multinomial logit model) on a large representative sample of 20,000 senior citizens residing in Sweden, the auhtors analyse the extent to which socio-economic factors and individual characteristics including personality traits affect the decision of senior citizens to delay retirement and to continue working after the standard retirement age. Findings The results of our estimations show clearly that good health, high educational attainment/high-skilled jobs, good psychosocial work environment, employment status (to be self-employed), personality traits (extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness) as well as industrial sectors (agriculture, healthcare and transport) are strong predictors of the continuation of work after the standard retirement age (65 years old). Research limitations/implications High job quality and good working conditions, along with continuous improvements in public health, are seemingly essential elements for motivating senior workers to delay retirement as are preventive policy measures favouring the development of decent and sustainable working conditions across the life course. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper is the first attempt in Sweden to analyse jointly a large range of factors influencing the decision to remain in the labour force after the standard/normal pension age, including psychosocial working conditions and personality traits.

scholarly journals Socio-economic, Health and Working Conditions of Child Beedi Rollers in Beedi Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Monica Munjial Singh ◽  
Mohammad Amiri ◽  
Sherry Sabbarwal
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Literacy Level ◽  
Economic Health ◽  
Unorganized Sector

Beedi manufacturing industry in India, is a highly labour-intensive and predominantly it is an unorganized sector. The beedi rolling function is generally done by women and child labourers who have no other means of financial earning. Child labourers are weak segments of Indian unorganized labour force. This study has been done in Solapur city of Maharashtra state in India. This city is important and famous for power loom industry and beedi industry also. Through the study an attempt has been made to highlight the health problems faced by child beedi rollers. This study also focuses on the factors which force children to work in beedi manufacturing industry and assesses literacy level of the child beedi rollers. The results of the study show that socio-economic condition of majority of the selected child beedi rollers is very poor and majority of them are facing various deceases due to constant exposure to tobacco dust and unhygienic working conditions at work place. Most of them have not completed their primary education.

scholarly journals The Impact of Occupational Pensions on Retirement Age

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEPIDEH ARKANI ◽  
ORLA GOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Expected Retirement Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Waves

This article contributes to the debate about retirement age and the extent to which occupational pensions influence the decision to retire. It uses the waves of Labour Force Survey (1984–91) and Quarterly Labour Force Survey (1992–2003) to review the changes in the actual average retirement age in the UK during the period 1984–2003 by gender and ethnicity. The article investigates the link between occupational pension schemes and the actual retirement age of men and women. It explores the impact of pension type on employees' expected retirement age and the decision to take early retirement using the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (2002–03).

scholarly journals Participation, trust, and risks associated with peer-to-peer accommodation platforms : How did the COVID-19 crisis affect Airbnb Budapest in 2020?

Intersections ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-200
Author(s):  
Bori Simonovits ◽  
Boglárka Zách ◽  
Csenge Kondorosy
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Online Discourse ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Positive Experiences

Our research was aimed at exploring the different layers of trust with regard to Airbnb services, as well as the practices of discrimination on the platform. The fieldwork was carried out in the first half of 2020, partly before and partly after the COVID-19 related interventions, which significantly affected life in Budapest from mid-March 2020 onwards. A total of 21 semi-structured interviews were carried out, supplemented with online discourse analysis. Our empirical analysis revealed that most of our interviewees displayed positive attitudes towards Airbnb, but our online discourse analysis showed that there are rather mixed attitudes towards the company. Considering the platform from an employment perspective, certain elements of precarious working conditions were identified. When it comes to different layers of trust, we point out that interpersonal trust between guests and hosts is crucial, resulting in positive experiences for hosts in many ways. We found social trust in Airbnb to be more ambiguous, as some interviewees claimed to have concerns with regard to its effect on the housing market. Finally, distributed trust on the platform seemed significant, as ratings often serve as a means of predicting guests’ trustworthiness. Most of the hosts we interviewed were aware of the fact that discrimination is not tolerated at all by the platform, so it is not surprising that we could hardly identify any cases of overt discrimination; however, latent forms of discrimination and negative attitudes as well as stereotypes that were formed by the hosts in relation to numerous nationalities and minorities were explored in our empirical research.

scholarly journals Work-retirement transitions and mental health: A longitudinal analysis of the role of social protection generosity in 11 countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110421
Author(s):  
Ola Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Working Lives

Aims: This study aimed to analyse the effect of work-retirement transitions on post-retirement mental health in individuals with different working conditions in late working life. The focus was on transitions that involve the use of social protection schemes to bridge the gap between the exit from work and retirement, and the extent to which the generosity of such schemes is related to mental health after retirement. Methods: Individual-level panel data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for 11 European countries were analysed using structural equation models. A total of 1642 individuals who worked in 2004 or 2007 and who retired in 2013 or 2015 were included in the analyses. The outcome measure was mental health as measured by the EURO-D scale. Results: Respondents with a ‘high strain’ and ‘passive’ work situation have a significantly higher likelihood of using social protection schemes, such as early retirement, sickness, disability and invalidity schemes before retirement. The generosity of such schemes has a significant positive relation to post-retirement mental health. Conclusions: This study shows that the generosity of early exit pathways is important for post-retirement mental health, especially for individuals with adverse working conditions at the end of their working lives.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

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