scholarly journals A Budgeted Analysis of Fresh Vegetable Marketing Alternatives

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Michael C. Varner ◽  
Pritam S. Dhillon ◽  
Marie H. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Marketing Costs

Marketing costs and contributions to production costs for fresh vegetables marketed through four direct marketing alternatives and through wholesale channels are compared. Budgets derived from empirical observations were the bases for the comparisons. The results favor an elaborate roadside market, which sells a large quantity of items purchased for resale. Farmers’ markets and pick-your-own operations were also found to be potentially more profitable than wholesale marketing.

Determining marketing costs and returns in alternative marketing channels

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shermain D. Hardesty ◽  
Penny Leff
Keyword(s):  
Direct Marketing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Farmers Market ◽  
Marketing Costs

AbstractDirect marketing is a popular marketing practice among smaller producers in the United States. We conducted detailed case studies of three organic farming operations of different sizes and compared their marketing costs and profitability in alternative marketing channels. We classified marketing-related activities into three categories: packing and storage, transportation, and selling and administration. By measuring the costs for labor, purchased goods and services, and capital assets associated with these marketing activities, we determined that there are significant variations in marketing costs across marketing channels. For each of our three case-study farms, marketing costs per dollar of revenue were lowest in the wholesale channel and highest in the farmers' market channel. Significant labor costs for the selling activity and transportation expenses offset the higher prices and minimal packaging costs associated with farmers' markets. Profitability can also be significantly affected by marketing factors, such as packing and grading standards, and product that is used for sampling and consumer premiums. Our research demonstrates that the higher prices that producers earn from direct marketing rather than wholesaling are not pure profit; the price premiums are compensation for the costs they incur when direct marketing their produce. Direct marketing channels, such as farmers' markets and Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs), can enable smaller farmers to build financially viable operations, by gaining access to markets, growing their farming operations and reducing their marketing risk. However, to achieve this success, farmers must manage their marketing costs as well as their production costs.

scholarly journals Agriculture Supported Communities: Connecting Low-income Communities with Small-scale Vegetable and Fruit Producing Farms (P04-128-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Winkels ◽  
Susan Veldheer ◽  
Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Abstract Objectives Barriers regarding affordability of and access to fresh vegetables and fruit pose low-income families at increased risk of diet-related diseases. Small farms can play a key role in providing local communities with fresh produce, through farmers’ markets, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), and other direct marketing strategies. Nevertheless, these farms face specific challenges related to payment terms and conditions and delivery when aiming to connect with low-income communities. Rodale Institute's Agriculture Supported Communities (ASC) program aims to connect small-scale fruit and vegetable farms with low-income communities. This farm-share program sells weekly food boxes with organic fruits and vegetables in cities with major food insecurity problems in Pennsylvania (Allentown and Reading). ASC allows members to pay week-to-week, rather than upfront as in a traditional CSA. ASC shareholders can use federal SNAP dollars to pay for discounted shares or apply for subsidized shares. ASC pick-up sites are located in the targeted communities. Our objective is to evaluate the ASC program and its ability to reach the intended low-income communities. Methods In 2016 and 2017, surveys were distributed among ASC shareholders to collect socio-economic data and program satisfaction. In addition, we evaluated how many participants used SNAP to pay for the shares. Results ASC had 150 shareholders in 2016 and 151 in 2017. In 2016, 89 shareholders (59%) were living in low-income areas in Allentown or Reading, in 2017 this was 76 (50%). In 2016, 43% of the shareholders reported an income < 50k$, in 2017 this was 25%. In 2016, 11 members (7%) paid with SNAP, in 2017 15 members (10%). Conclusions ASC reached low-income community members; however, the program also reached a population at the other end of the economic spectrum. This poses challenges for the farmer regarding production and distribution. The farmers within ASC are using these data to optimize production and methods of delivery to meet the needs of low-income communities. In a future project, we hope to evaluate the effect of ASC membership on dietary intake and other health indicators, and measure the social, economic and environmental sustainability of the model. Funding Sources For a list of funders see rodaleinstitute.org/asc.

scholarly journals Field Vegetable Production in Hungary

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kristóf ◽  
I. Terbe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Production Area

Hungary is a country with excellent ecological potentials and with rich traditions in vegetable production. The total vegetable production area comprises about 100 000 ha and annual production amounts to 1.4-1.8 million tons, 75-80% comes from fields and the rest from forcing. Approximately 40 species are produced, but only 20 of them play a dominant role. The most important ones arc: sweet corn, peas, peppers, watermelon, onions, tomatoes, gherkin, carrots, beans, white cabbage. 40-45% of the total production is processed, 20-30% sold on the fresh market and 30% exported. Vegetable production is based on rural farms of 1-5 ha average acreage. It provides living for about 70-100 000 families. The low number of producers' organisations is a major setback. Profitability of vegetable production is rather low. Production costs are high, wholesale prices are depressed. Vegetables are produced for the industry by contract. Fresh vegetables are sold through local markets (15-20%), the wholesale market (decreasing importance) and direct marketing (35-40%). Against the self-sufficiency of the country there is a seasonal import of vegetables mainly in winter and early springtime. Hungarian legal regulations are harmonized with the EU directives, EU standards are accepted and applied, traditionally good market connections and cooperation with several EU countries enable the country to be a partner of EU vegetable growers.

AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah & Al-Taye
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
High Production ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh  (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields.  The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the    importation of red meat importation  in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

scholarly journals Farming for life: impact of medical prescriptions for fresh vegetables on cardiometabolic health for adults with or at risk of type 2 diabetes in a predominantly Mexican-American population

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000133
Author(s):  
David Kerr ◽  
Souptik Barua ◽  
Namino Glantz ◽  
Casey Conneely ◽  
Mary Kujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

IntroductionPoor diet is the leading cause of poor health in USA, with fresh vegetable consumption below recommended levels. We aimed to assess the impact of medical prescriptions for fresh (defined as picked within 72 hours) vegetables, at no cost to participants on cardiometabolic outcomes among adults (predominantly Mexican-American women) with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsBetween February 2019 and March 2020, 159 participants (122 female, 75% of Mexican heritage, 31% with non-insulin treated T2D, age 52.5 (13.2) years) were recruited using community outreach materials in English and Spanish, and received prescriptions for 21 servings/week of fresh vegetable for 10 weeks. Pre-post comparisons were made of weight; waist circumference; blood pressure; Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, a measure of long-term blood glucose control); self-reported sleep, mood and pain; vegetable, tortilla and soda consumption. After obtaining devices for this study, 66 of 72 participants asked, agreed to wear blinded continuous glucose monitors (CGM).ResultsPaired data were available for 131 participants. Over 3 months, waist circumference fell (−0.77 (95% CI −1.42 to 0.12) cm, p=0.022), as did systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−2.42 (95% CI −4.56 to 0.28) mm Hg, p=0.037), which was greater among individuals with baseline SBP >130 mm Hg (−7.5 (95% CI −12.4 to 2.6) mm Hg, p=0.005). Weight reduced by −0.4 (−0.7 to –0.04) kg, p=0.029 among women. For participants with baseline HbA1c >7.0%, HbA1c fell by −0.35 (-0.8 to –0.1), p=0.009. For participants with paired CGM data (n=40), time in range 70–180 mg/dL improved (from 97.4% to 98.9%, p<0.01). Food insecurity (p<0.001), tortilla (p<0.0001) and soda (p=0.013) consumption significantly decreased. Self-reported sleep, mood and pain level scores also improved (all p<0.01).ConclusionsMedical prescriptions for fresh vegetables were associated with clinically relevant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life variables (sleep, mood and pain level) in adults (predominantly Mexican-American and female) with or at risk of T2D.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03940300.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Biaya Produksi, Biaya Administrasi Umum, dan Biaya Pemasaran Terhadap Laba Pada Perusahaan Food and Beverages Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Andri Hasmoro Kusumo Broto
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Marketing Costs

AbstractThis study aims to: (a) determine the partial effect of production costs on profits in food and beverages company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. (b) To determine the effect of partial general administrative costs on profits in listed food and beverages company On the Indonesia Stock Exchange. (c) To determine the effect of partial marketing costs on profits in food and beverages company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. (d) To determine the simultaneous effect of production costs, general administrative costs, and costs income to the food and beverages company listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study is a food and beverages company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017. Data collection techniques use quarterly financial statements. Sampling purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression and hypothesis test (t test and F test). The results show: (a) there is a partial significant negative effect on production costs on profits in the food and beverages company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. (b) There is a partial significant negative effect on general administration costs on profits in the food and beverages company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. (c) There is a partial significant negative effect on marketing costs on profits in the food and beverages company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. (d) There is a significant negative effect simultaneously production costs, general administrative costs, and marketing costs to earnings at food and beverages company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Keywords: Production Costs, General Administrative Costs, Marketing Costs, Profit

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE IN VEGETABLES FOR CONSUMERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 758b-758
Author(s):  
W.J. Florkowski ◽  
B. Brückner ◽  
C.L. Huang ◽  
I. Schonhof
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Chemical Residue ◽  
Consumer Surveys

Chemicals used in fresh vegetable production leave residue. Although the typical residue amount is below allowable limits, producers must recognize consumer preference for less residue. Atlanta and Berlin consumer surveys showed difference in opinions about chemical residue in fresh vegetables, need for government testing, impact of residue on amount of consumed vegetables, and willingness to pay for vegetables with less residue. In general, Atlanta residents were more likely to agree about certifying vegetables as containing only allowable residue amount, while Berlin consumers were more willing to pay for government testing and vegetables with less residue. Two equations were estimated to identify factors influencing the preference for less residue. Respondents with higher incomes showed less preference for less chemical residue; similar preferences were demonstrated by older and single Berlin respondents. Growing vegetables with less chemical use offers opportunity to market fresh vegetables differentiating them from vegetables produced using traditional practices, especially given the willingness of overseas consumers to pay higher prices for vegetables with less residue.

scholarly journals The marketing strategies of Serbian honey producers

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlade Zarić ◽  
Zorica Vasiljević ◽  
Nebojša Nedić ◽  
Danijela Petković
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Product Demand ◽  
Diversification Strategies

Serbian honey producers are exposed to the increased international competition of recent years. To face up to the new changes, producers are progressively using diversification strategies, such as direct sales and production diversification. The direct sales strategy allows the producers to increase the product added value, while diversification aims to offer new products to the consumers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the honey marketing strategy of Serbian honey producers. The first part of the paper analyses the structure of production costs, production performances as well as the determinants of the honey supply. In the second part of the paper, analysis is focused on the determinants of direct sales. Finally, in the third part of the paper, diversification strategies are discussed. The data for this research has been obtained on the basis of a representative sample consisting of 84 Serbian honey producers interviewed in 2011 and 2012. The results show that the Serbian honey producers operate with more or less similar production costs and with production performances that do not differ significantly. They use direct marketing for two reasons: firstly, it affords personal contact with consumers, and secondly, they aim to decrease the transaction costs, thereby keeping a higher share of the product’s final value. Offering new products to consumers is an attempt to create additional product demand.

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY ALGERIAN STUDY OF CONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT FOR PATHOGENIC INTESTINAL PARASITE IN FRESH VEGETABLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (NO.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziane Mohammed ◽  
Berroukeche Farid ◽  
Braïek Olfa Ben ◽  
Lachlache Nesrine ◽  
Khoualef Touraya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Fresh vegetables are frequently used to prepare fresh salad dishes widely consumed in the world. They are known to be the main source of pathogenic intestinal parasites. In this context, the present work aimed to (a) detect the pathogenic intestinal parasites (PIP) in washed fresh vegetables, and (b) assess the exposure to PIP in the city of Ain Témouchent (Algeria). In fact, 26 samples belonging to six groups of fresh vegetables (cabbages, lettuces, leeks, radishes, peppers and tomatoes) were collected, washed (similarly to domestic wash with or without vinegar addition), then examined for PIP contamination. The results indicated that 90% of the examined vegetable samples were contaminated with intestinal parasites showing higher prevalence in lettuce (70.85%) while the lowest contamination (23.52%) was reported in pepper. In addition, Cryptosperidium (72%) has been found to be the most dominant parasite in all vegetables while Toxocara (8%) was less present. These finding are a preliminary report to conduct a risk assessment of PIP linked to vegetable feeding

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF MINERAL CONTAIN AND BACTERIA CONTAMINANT ON ORGANIC AND NONORGANIC FRESH VEGETABLES

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Harsojo Harsojo ◽  
June Mellawati
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

The determination of mineral content and bacteria contaminant on fresh vegetable of long bean (Vegan ungulate Wall.), white cabbage (Basic tolerance L.), and lettuce (Lectuca sativa L.) that cultivated by organic and nonorganic system have been done. The mineral content has been analyzed using neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy method, while bacteria contaminant by total plate count number using Nutrient Agar, Mac Conkey Agar, Baird Parker medium, and Salmonella using selective medium. The results showed that there are some essential mineral such as Fe, Zn, Ca, Co, and nonessential mineral Cd. There is tendency that fresh vegetable that cultivated by organic system contained Fe, Zn, Ca, Co and Cd mineral less than nonorganic. The Zn mineral content in nonorganic of fresh vegetable were higher than the limit of threshold number from Health Department, Republic of Indonesia (2004), while Cd mineral in organic or nonorganic of fresh vegetable were greater then threshold number from Codex Alimentarius Commision. The measurement of bacteria contaminant on organic and nonorganic of fresh vegetables contained aerob, coli, and Staphylococcus bacteria in organic of fresh vegetables were less compared to nonorganic of fresh vegetables.   Keywords: mineral, bacteria aerob, coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, organic, and nonorganic vegetable, neutron activation

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document