scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Using Solar Energy in the Production of Greenhouse Tomatoes

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam S. Dhillon ◽  
Daniel Rossi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
North Central ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

The energy crunch of the mid-seventies has adversely affected the greenhouse tomato industry in the North Central and Northeast regions. Traditionally, these two regions had been the main producers of greenhouse tomatoes in the U.S. where, because of the climatic restriction, greenhouse tomato production evolved to supply fresh tomatoes during winter and spring months. Since greenhouse producers in the north rely on fossil fuels for heating purposes, their production costs have escalated, thereby tending to price these tomatoes out of the market. In recent years many greenhouse tomato producers in the northern regions have either ceased production or switched into alternative enterprises. For instance, the Census of Agriculture reported 45 growers in Massachusetts in 1974, with covered areas of 535,842 square feet; by 1979, according to extension experts, the number declined to 25 and the area declined to between 150,000 and 200,000 square feet. The number of growers in New Jersey declined from 42 in the 1974 census to only 19 in 1979. Similar declines have occurred in New York and Pennsylvania.

Lamottia (Favositida, Tabulata) from the Decorah Formation (Kirkfieldian, Ordovician) of Iowa

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-426
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Tabulate Coral ◽  
Longitudinal Pattern ◽  
Stratigraphic Range ◽  
Diagenetic Feature

The early tabulate coral Lamottia heroensis has been identified from the Ion Member of the Decorah Formation (Upper Ordovician) in northeast Iowa. This extends the stratigraphic range of this species upward from Lower Chazyan to Kirkfieldian, and extends the geographic range from the Vermont-New York border area to include the north-central Midcontinent. Thin section and SEM studies strongly support the contention that the longitudinal pattern of alternating light and dark bands observed in corallite walls reflects a primary structural grain rather than a secondary diagenetic feature.

Advanced Materials for Energy Storage

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel L. Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Resources

As this MRS Bulletin issue on “Advanced Materials for Energy Storage” was being finalized, the North American continent suffered one of its warmest summers ever recorded. The past two to three years have also been the warmest on record, August 1999 being the 21st consecutive month with above-average temperatures. Such deviations could be quite natural. Indeed, these temperature increases can be explained in part by increased solar activity. Yet, burning of fossil fuels and other human factors are considered likely contributors. Whether from human activities or cosmic effects, for human survival, technological solutions may be needed to keep the global temperature within tolerable margins.In a parallel development, the price of oil on the New York market has nearly doubled since the beginning of 1999. This current increase is directly related to self-controls imposed by the oil-producing countries. The price will probably not climb to excessive values, mainly because the oil-producing countries do not want other nations to develop competitive alternative technologies. However, these increases in oil prices could have devastating effects on the general economy, and again, the future is unpredictable.This situation poses an interesting dilemma for the scientific community. Scientists are trained to base conclusions on facts and respond with appropriate engineering solutions. Yet the extrapolation of global climate change is far from conclusive; the economies of nations can be volatile and often are determined by politics as opposed to science; and the needs of individual nations are varied and continue to evolve based on their local resources, economies, and environmental regulations.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ENCEPHALITIS

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie T. Webster ◽  
George L. Fite ◽  
Anna D. Clow ◽  
Hugo Muench
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
North Central ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
In Vitro Aging

1. A protection test for measuring serological protective properties against the encephalitis (St. Louis type) virus is described. 2. Normal non-contact sera and sera from persons supposed to have had no exposure to the disease do not protect against the virus. 82.5 per cent of sera from tested St. Louis encephalitis convalescents and at least 66 per cent of sera from tested persons thought to have had the disease do show protective properties. 3. The protective activity of sera is maintained for at least 2½ years after onset of the disease. In vitro aging of serum decreases its activity. 4. Protection tests indicate that the virus was present as early as 1932 in Paris, Illinois, spread through the north central states and reached New York in 1933, and was again active in the north central states in 1934.

scholarly journals GREENHOUSE TOMATOES - CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS OF A GROWING INDUSTRY IN MISSISSIPPI

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 268E-268
Author(s):  
Richard G. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
University Support ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Production Vidéo ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Production of greenhouse tomatoes, while not new to Mississippi, has increased in the past 4 years to an industry of noteworthy size. This specialized industry in Mississippi has faded in and out of popularity over the years, as new growers have sometimes been stimulated by greenhouse supply companies looking for prospective customers. Often, rumors of incredibly high yields, consistently high demand and price, and minimal problems with pests and culture have encouraged novice growers to start in such a big way as to make it impossible to pay off their debts. With strong support from the Extension Service and the Experiment Station in Missiippi, the number of grown has increased from a handful to 71, utilizing 224 free-standing or gutter-connected greenhouse bays, occupying 12 acres under plastic. This has placed Mississippi within the top 10 greenhouse vegetable producing states in the U.S. and has helped to build a $1.8 million industry. University support has taken the form of: 1) monthly Vegetable Press Newsletter, 2) annual Greenhouse Tomato Short Course each April, 3) Greenhouse Tomato Handbook (1992). 4) organized Greenhouse Tours. 5) a greenhouse tomato production video now in the planning stage, and 6) excellent support by Plant Pathologists and Entomologists. To support these growers, most of whom are new to greenhouse tomatoes, a number of culturally based experiments have been performed at the Truck Crop Branch Experiment Station. These have included evaluation of heating systems, media, varieties, biological control, fog cooling, and bumblebee pollination.

scholarly journals Seraların Isıtılmasında Kullanılan Fosil ve Jeotermal Enerji Kaynaklarının Karşılaştırılması

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Nafi Baytorun ◽  
Derya Önder ◽  
Özkan Gügercin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Yields

The most extensive and effective environmentally controlled production takes place in greenhouses. New innovations and developments for greenhouse production go hand in hand with efforts for sustainability. The greenhouses must be heated to ensure high yields and high quality. However, high heating cost (20%-60%) adversely influences production. Costs Sustainability of greenhouse production can only be maintained with increase of energy efficiency. Use of renewable energy sources in place of fossil fuels is only means to increase energy efficiency. In this work, fossil fuels and geothermal energy used for heating of greenhouses are compared based on production cost and CO2 emissions to atmosphere. The results showed that greenhouse production in Aydın with geothermal energy price of 0.06 ₺/kWh will be very advantageous compared to greenhouse tomato production in Kütahya, which can only compete with that in Antalya. Carbon dioxide emission in plastic greenhouses with double layer PE plastic heat insulation in Kütahya was 199.4 kg/m2 when imported coal was used for heating. The emissions in similar type plastic greenhouses, again heated with coal, in Aydın and Antalya were 74.4 kg/m2 and 55.5 kg/m2, respectively. Greenhouses in geothermal energy rich areas will be very advantageous, based on cost of production and CO2 emission, compared to that in Antalya region if they are heated with geothermal energy.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF THE GREENHOUSE TOMATO CULTURE IN THE LONG TURNOVER IN THE NORTH

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
T. К. Golovko ◽  
I. V. Dalke ◽  
G. N. Tabalenkova ◽  
R. V. Malyshev ◽  
E. E. Grygoray
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
The North ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Tomato Culture

The data on the greenhouse tomato culture productivity in the long turnover (February November) without application of artificial light are presented. The plants were grown using small-volume hydroponic technology on mineral wool in the industrial greenhouse of LLC "Prigorodny" (Syktyvkar, 61° 40′35″N, 50° 48′35″E). Tomato seeds (hybrid Starbuck F1) were sown in early December 2016. The seedlings were illuminated for 19 h daily with the high-pressure sodiumvapor reflector lamps (HPSV-400W / REFLUX) with an installed power of 130 W/m2. In early February 2017 plants at the age of 4245 days were transferred to the greenhouse and grown at density of 2 plants per square meter under natural lighting conditions. The dependence between the light intensity at leaf level and the natural light entering the greenhouse was studied. In spring sunny days, the light intensity at the level of the upper leaves did not exceed the 450500 μmol quanta/m2s, and in cloudy weather was 2-3 times lower. It was found that the saturation of leaf CO2-uptake by light took place at intensity of 800-1000 μmol quanta/m2s. The leaves formed under light deficiency had lowered photosynthetic activity (near 3 μmol СО2/m2s). The maximal productivity of tomato culture was observed during maximum light levels and sunny period (June-July). The average value of tomato productivity was about 34 kg/m2. The data show the possibility of producing commercial tomato yield in the first light zone without artificial lighting, which significantly reduces production costs.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Grafted Tomato Production in Sandy Soils in Northern Florida

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Zhifeng Gao ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grafted Transplants

In addition to controlling soilborne diseases, grafting with selected rootstocks has the potential to enhance growth and yields in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. However, information is rather limited regarding its economic viability in different production systems in the United States. The objective of this study was to compare the costs and returns of grafted vs. nongrafted fresh-market tomato production under common management practices in fumigated fields in northern Florida. The field trials were conducted in Live Oak, FL, during Spring 2010 and 2011. ‘Florida 47’ tomato was grafted onto two interspecific hybrid tomato rootstocks: ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Multifort’. Grafted and nongrafted ‘Florida 47’ plants were grown on fumigated raised beds with polyethylene mulch and drip irrigation using recommended commercial production practices for nutrient and pest management. The estimated costs of grafted and nongrafted transplants were $0.67 and $0.15 per plant, respectively, resulting in an additional cost of $3020.16 per acre for using grafted transplants as compared with nongrafted plants. Grafting also led to higher costs of harvesting and marketing tomato fruit as a result of yield improvement (1890 to 2166 25-lb cartons per acre for grafted plant vs. 1457 to 1526 25-lb cartons per acre for nongrafted plant). Partial budget analyses showed that using grafted transplants increased tomato production costs by $4488.03–$5189.76 per acre depending on the rootstock and growing season. However, compared with nongrafted tomato, the net farm return of grafted tomato production was increased by $253.32–$2458.24 per acre based on the tomato shipping point prices. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that grafting would be more profitable as the costs of grafted transplants decreased and the market tomato prices increased. These results indicated that although grafting increased the total cost of production, the increase in marketable fruit yield generated significant gross returns to offset costs associated with the use of grafted tomato transplants. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to provide more production budget and net return data about the economic feasibility of grafted tomato production based on a wide range of commercial growing conditions in Florida.

scholarly journals (298) Harvest Yields of Greenhouse Tomatoes Grown in Pine Bark-amended Cotton Gin Compost

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023A-1023
Author(s):  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Joe M. Kemble ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Cotton Gin

Tomatoes are the most abundantly produced greenhouse vegetable crop in the United States. The use of compost substrates has increased in recent years for the greenhouse production of many vegetables, bedding plants, and nursery crops. `Blitz' tomatoes were grown during the spring and fall growing seasons in 2004 in six substrate blends of pine bark (PB), a traditional production substrate in the Southeastern U.S., and cotton gin compost (CGC), an agricultural by-product, to assess the potential use of CGC as a viable replacement for PB for the production of greenhouse tomatoes. Treatments ranged from 100% PB to 100% CGC. During both growing seasons, plants grown in substrates containing CGC produced similar total, marketable, and cull yields compared to plants grown in 100% PB. Substrates containing 40% or more CGC had significantly higher EC levels both initially and throughout both growing seasons than did 20% CGC and 100% PB blends. Initial and final pH of all substrates was similar during both studies and remained within recommended ranges for greenhouse tomato production. Water-holding capacity increased as the percent CGC increased in each substrate blend, indicating the need for less irrigation volume for substrates containing CGC compared to the 100% PB control. Results indicate that CGC can be used as an amendment to or replacement for PB in greenhouse tomato production.

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