Sufism as a Category in Indonesian Literature and History

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Asian History ◽  
History Of Europe

It is unfortunate that historians, as a rule, do not follow the example of social anthropologists in devoting some part of their monographs to a discussion of the theoretical problems involved in the material they have been handling. This is not of such importance in the history of Europe, where much can be taken for granted on the part of the reader. But when the European historian turns to the study of Asian history, and writes in the same way as he would were he writing the history of a European people, merely substituting an Asian set of names and places, then the result frequently lacks interest, and may even be a distortion of the general picture of the past that he wishes to relate. This holds as well for continental S.E. Asia and the island world of Indonesia as elsewhere. And it is not only in these countries that peoples, newly conscious of their traditions as national traditions, are dissatisfied with the histories written for them by foreigners. The requirements of a new type of history are formidable, and very little work has been done on the theoretical ground work involved. The aim of this paper then, is to attempt to progress a little further in the elaboration of such a historiography, and to apply the results to a segment of the data available relating to Indonesia's past.

Sufizm as a Category in Indonesian Literature and History

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Johns
Keyword(s):  
General Picture ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian History ◽  
History Of Europe

It is unfortunate that historians, as a rule, do not follow the example of social anthropologists in devoting some part of their monographs to a discussion of the theoretical problems involved in the material they have been handling. This is not of such importance in the history of Europe, where much can be taken for granted on the part of the reader. But when the European historian turns to the study of Asian history, and writes in the same way as he would were he writing the history of a European people, merely substituting an Asian set of names and places, then the result frequently lacks interest, and may even be a distortion of the general picture of the past that he wishes to relate.

scholarly journals A study of corporate governance in Thailand through the lens of the three-pillared model

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Surasak Chaithanakij
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Control Power ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe

Inspired by Sabel’s and Schlicht’s theory of the firm, a new three-pillared theory of the firm (3Cs model) has been developed. Underlying it is the concept of the balance of power. The balance of power is the core of corporate governance that appears to have been referred to more by practitioners than scholars. This paper shows that corporate governance can actually find its root in economic governance in which the balance of power has been the dominant principle underlying all stable and prosperous economic systems from the past to present. The economic history of Europe shows this. More recent studies on modern organizational economics have shown two interacting thrusts inside the firm: to achieve the firm’s objective and to keep its activities efficient. Both streams of evidences lead this paper to synthesize the balance of power as the core of corporate governance. The balance of power concept, though much mentioned, never has been proposed in the past as a theoretical ground because of the firm’ subtlety. This theoretical framework argues that a firm can be understood and conceptualized in several realms. Whereas the legal realm of the firms is commonly used in theoretical analysis, its narrowly characterized nexus-of-contract hinders an understanding of the complexity of the governance realm which can be construed as the balance of power driven by three interacting components, namely Authoritative capability, Control power and Cultural consensus. Since a sizable portion of Thai listed companies are plausibly controlled by majority shareholders and their families, the companies represent the ideal subjects of study through the lens of the 3Cs model. Selected proxies of the three governance components are tested against the performance indices and significant relationships are found. The 3Cs model is proved to be a new effective tool of corporate governance study

The Diaspora of the Novel

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Artemis Leontis
Keyword(s):  
Uneven Development ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type

Reflection on the history of the novel usually begins with consideration of the social, political, and economic transformations within society that favored the “rise” of a new type of narrative. This remains true even with the numerous and important studies appearing during the past ten years, which relate the novel to an everbroadening spectrum of ideological issues—gender, class, race, and, most recently, nationalism. Yet a history of the genre might reflect not just on the novel’s national, but also its transnational, trajectory, its spread across the globe, away from its original points of emergence. Such a history would take into account the expansion of western markets—the growing exportation of goods and ideas, as well as of social, political, and cultural forms from the West—that promoted the novel’s importation by nonwestern societies. Furthermore, it could lead one to examine the very interesting inverse relationship between two kinds of migration, both of which are tied to the First World’s uneven “development” of the Third. In a world system that draws out natural resources in exchange for technologically mediated goods, the emigration of laborers and intellectuals from peripheral societies to the centers of power of the West and the immigration of a western literary genre into these same societies must be viewed as related phenomena.

Formation of a New Person as a Formational Meaning. The Era of Transformation in the History of Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 366-383
Author(s):  
Gennady Pikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
End Of History ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Transitional Processes ◽  
The End Of History ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The One

The article draws attention to the fact that the phenomenon of marginality is the formation of one's own environment, although not completely dissolving into it. Traditional culture goes into the "basements" of society or manifests itself in the life and mentality of marginals. In a society affected by crisis, several cultural trajectories collide: descending, ascending and, for the marginalized, breaking traditional ties and creating their own, completely different world. In fact, marginality is the third culture, a special socio-cultural state. The article discusses its corresponding components. The prerequisites of global transformation are considered. The situation in Europe begins to change fundamentally at the turn of the I-II millennia. The formation of the era of European Transformation can begin with the XI-XIII centuries, when "Catholic" Europe appears. Phenomenal in its results was the "Renaissance of the XII century", the first truly pan-European Revival at the origins of the era of Transformation. With this, the movement towards a High Renaissance began. The Crusades (XI-XIII centuries) are particularly highlighted. After the Crusades, two variants of capitalism become promising and predominant in Europe and North America, and then their slow convergence continues. The XIII century became a milestone for contemporaries. On the one hand, Europe, it would seem, reached the end of history by creating some kind of optimal model. On the other hand, the reverse side of the idea of the "end of history" became clearly visible. The Mongols, having captured most of Eurasia, reformatted the ethno-political space. In this century, capitalist Europe is born, in fact, as a special development option. Highlighting the era of transformation does not mean that we should abandon the usual division of European history into known periods: antiquity, the Middle Ages, modern times. This periodization successfully emphasizes social and economic aspects and provides a chronological understanding of transitional processes. The era of Transformation is more voluminous, since we are talking about the transition from a centuries-old traditional society to a new stage of human development. Neither the Renaissance nor the Reformation created a new culture, the so-called bourgeois culture will have many faces, both international and national. The main thing is seen in the liberation of man from the former powerful civilizational model, Latin-Christian, i.e. Imperial-ecclesiastical, and ultimately - in the formation of a new type of man.

European Literature: Simply a Higher Degree of Universality?

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Literary Devices

One of the most difficult and uncertain areas of research offered the historian of literature today is the attempt to define ‘European literature’ as a corpus and an object of literary and/or historical analysis. The various efforts of the past few years – in the form of anthologies as well as histories of literature – usually remain torn between a unitary presupposition that seems to be the only acceptable political-historical way of justifying the body of European literature and an irreducibly composite – not to say heterogeneous – reality that is not amenable to the representations of Europe as reduced to this superficial unity. If we are to reflect on the modalities and specificities of such a historical undertaking – which has so few equivalents in the world that it is all the harder to model – and shake off political models and representations, it seems to me that we need to work from another hypothesis. One of the few trans-historical features that constitutes Europe, in effect, one of the only forms of both political and cultural unity – one that is paradoxical but genuine – that makes of Europe a coherent whole, is none other than the conflicts3 and competitions that pitted Europe’s national literary spaces against one another in relentless and ongoing rivalry. Starting from this hypothesis, we would then have to postulate that, contrary to commonly accepted political representations, the only possible literary history of Europe would be the story of the rivalries, struggles and power relations between these national literatures. As a consequence, rather than a unity that remains if not problematic at least far from being achieved, it would no doubt be better to speak of an ongoing literary unification of Europe, in other words a process that occurs, occurred and is still occurring – paradoxically – through these struggles. This upside-down history would trace the models and counter-models, the powers and dependences, the impositions and the resistances, the linguistic rivalries, the literary devices and genres regarded as weapons in these specific, perpetual and merciless struggles. It would be the history of literary antagonisms, battles and revolts.

scholarly journals Marketing, the past and corporate heritage

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. T. Balmer ◽  
Mario Burghausen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Heritage ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Temporal Agency ◽  
Marketing Approach

We argue for a more expansive conceptualization of the past’s relevance in, and for, marketing. Such a differentiated approach to the past is pregnant with possibilities in terms of advancing scholarship apropos temporal agency in marketing along with consumption practices. Symptomatic of this perspective is the increased mindfulness of the rich palate of past-related concepts. Significantly, the corporate heritage notion – because of its omnitemporal nature – represents a distinct and meaningful vector on the past by coalescing the past, present and future into a new type of temporality. As such, the authors reason this expansive conceptualization of ‘the past-in-marketing’ is both timely and efficacious. While sensitive of the importance of the historical method in marketing and the history of marketing scholarship and practice per se, this broader marketing approach to and of the past highlights the ideational and material manifestations of the past-in-the-present and an envisaged past-in-the-future.

scholarly journals Archaeogenetics and Landscape Dynamics in Sicily during the Holocene: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9469
Author(s):  
Valentino Romano ◽  
Giulio Catalano ◽  
Giuseppe Bazan ◽  
Francesco Calì ◽  
Luca Sineo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Population History ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Future Management

The Mediterranean islands and their population history are of considerable importance to the interpretation of the population history of Europe as a whole. In this context, Sicily, because of its geographic position, represents a bridge between Africa, the Near East, and Europe that led to the stratification of settlements and admixture events. The genetic analysis of extant and ancient human samples has tried to reconstruct the population dynamics associated with the cultural and demographic changes that took place during the prehistory and history of Sicily. In turn, genetic, demographic and cultural changes need to be understood in the context of the environmental changes that took place over the Holocene. Based on this framework, this paper aims to discuss the cultural and demographic dimension of the island by reviewing archaeogenetic studies, and lastly, we discuss the ecological constraints related to human peopling in times of change in landscapes that occurred on the island in various periods. Finally, possible directions for future archaeogenetic studies of Sicily are discussed. Despite its long human history, Sicily is still one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. The lessons we learn from the past use of landscape provide models for sustainable future management of the Mediterranean’s landscapes.

Exceptionalism? European history in a global context

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL MITTERAUER
Keyword(s):  
European History ◽  
Global History ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe

(Translation: Stefan Menhofer, 2004, revised by Peter Burke, 2005)The question: ‘How to write the history of Europe?’ can only be answered in context. The reply depends on what sort of readership one wants to write for, what ideas one entertains about tasks of exploring and conveying historical studies, how one views the relation of European history to other forms of historiography. The following reflections seek to take up and connect with one another two strands of historiographical discussion which are surprisingly disconnected, namely the discussions about concepts of European history and of global history. Suggestions for a European history in a global context, such as are presented here under the heading ‘exceptionalism’, are based not only on theoretical reflections but also on several attempts to put them into practice over the past few years.

scholarly journals Patrząc w przeszłość, patrząc w przyszłość – 10 lat audiodeskrypcji filmowej w Polsce

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
pp. 139-158
Author(s):  
Anna Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

Looking into the Past, Looking into the Future – 10 Years of Film Audio Description in Poland This article presents the history of the development of audio description (AD) in Poland and gives an overview of the state of the art ten years after the introduction of this new type of audiovisual translation aimed at visually impaired audiences. The following aspects of AD in Poland are discussed: AD accessibility, standards of its creation, availability of training and legal regulations.

Community and Consensus in Ante-Bellum America

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Local History ◽  
Educational Improvement ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
National Trends

American local history has been much studied, but rarely integrated into the general history of the country. Although greater attention is now being paid to the connexions between local political, social and economic developments and national trends, there is still a very real disparity in historiographical emphasis between national issues and the problems of community life experienced by Americans in the past. For no period, perhaps, is this disparity so graphic as for the mid-nineteenth century; the years from about 1840 to the 1870s or the 1880s were convulsed by sectional rivalries, civil war and reconstruction, to which matters historians have devoted their attention. Steadily, however, the local communities themselves have come under scrutiny. But the major interpretation currently accepted reinforces, rather than qualifies, the general picture we have of that period, since the North, at least, is regarded as buoyant and expansive in the mid-century, pursuing with relentless self-confidence such aims as help to explain the coming, and the winning, of the Civil War; reform, moral and educational improvement, and the opening of economic opportunities to yeomen farmers, artisans and small merchants.

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