scholarly journals Coordination Between the Radioastronomy Service and the Radiodetermination Satellite Service in the 1612 MHZ Band

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
A. R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Control Computer ◽  
Trucking Companies ◽  
Satellite Service ◽  
Coded Messages

The Radiodetermination Satellite Service (RDSS) provides radiolocation and limited communication for users of aeronautical, marine and terrestrial vehicles. A system of the RDSS is being developed in the United States by the Geostar Corporation (Rothblatt, 1988). In this system signals from a control center are transmitted to transceivers on users’ vehicles through one of a series of two or three satellites spaced along the geostationary orbit, and responses are received through each of these satellites. If three satellites are used, locations of vehicles can be determined from the measured times of transmission from the control center to the user and back via different satellite paths. If two satellites are used the timing data must be supplemented by information such as altitude data from a terrain map, or an altimeter reading from the user’s vehicle, which can be encoded in the response transmitted back. Computation of the vehicle location is performed at the control center. The equipment at the vehicle can be relatively simple since its basic function is that of a transponder, and intervention by the vehicle operator is not necessarily required. However, provision can also be made for the inclusion of short coded messages from the vehicle, so the unit on the vehicle is usually referred to as a transceiver. The system is designed to meet the needs of various users; for example, trucking companies which must periodically monitor the locations of vehicles in a widely distributed fleet. Position information can be relayed to the company headquarters as well as to the vehicle operator. The role played by the central control computer in determining the locations requires that all vehicles using the service identify themselves by a transmitted code. Thus developers and operators of RDSS systems can lease their services to vehicle users.

scholarly journals A Practical Guide to Whole Slide Imaging: A White Paper From the Digital Pathology Association

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Zarella ◽  
Douglas Bowman; ◽  
Famke Aeffner ◽  
Navid Farahani ◽  
Albert Xthona; ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Executive Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
Interinstitutional Collaboration ◽  
Glass Slides

Context.— Whole slide imaging (WSI) represents a paradigm shift in pathology, serving as a necessary first step for a wide array of digital tools to enter the field. Its basic function is to digitize glass slides, but its impact on pathology workflows, reproducibility, dissemination of educational material, expansion of service to underprivileged areas, and intrainstitutional and interinstitutional collaboration exemplifies a significant innovative movement with far-reaching effects. Although the benefits of WSI to pathology practices, academic centers, and research institutions are many, the complexities of implementation remain an obstacle to widespread adoption. In the wake of the first regulatory clearance of WSI for primary diagnosis in the United States, some barriers to adoption have fallen. Nevertheless, implementation of WSI remains a difficult prospect for many institutions, especially those with stakeholders unfamiliar with the technologies necessary to implement a system or who cannot effectively communicate to executive leadership and sponsors the benefits of a technology that may lack clear and immediate reimbursement opportunity. Objectives.— To present an overview of WSI technology—present and future—and to demonstrate several immediate applications of WSI that support pathology practice, medical education, research, and collaboration. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed literature was reviewed by pathologists, scientists, and technologists who have practical knowledge of and experience with WSI. Conclusions.— Implementation of WSI is a multifaceted and inherently multidisciplinary endeavor requiring contributions from pathologists, technologists, and executive leadership. Improved understanding of the current challenges to implementation, as well as the benefits and successes of the technology, can help prospective users identify the best path for success.

Secret Lives of Containers: Evidence from Texas

2003 ◽  
Vol 1833 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanda Prozzi ◽  
Kellie Spurgeon ◽  
Robert Harrison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Freight Planning ◽  
Global Movements ◽  
Transportation Research ◽  
Trucking Companies ◽  
Container Manufacturing

In 2000, the Texas Department of Transportation contracted with the Center for Transportation Research (CTR) at the University of Texas, Austin, to analyze containerized freight movements in Texas. Although aggregate data are available on the container sector and global movements, including data on container manufacturing, steamship companies, container routes, vessel capacities, and costs and supply chains, little information is available on container movements in the United States. To shippers and those directly involved in the container sector, some data on container movements in the United States—including route choice—are available. However, for those involved in freight planning at the state level, such information remains somewhat of a mystery. To fill this void, the CTR research team sought the assistance of various transportation stakeholders involved in containerized freight movements in an effort to characterize and gain a better understanding of this important and growing component of the freight sector. A total of 31 telephone interviews were conducted, involving 3 major ocean carriers, 12 trucking companies, 8 freight forwarders, 7 container leasing companies, and 1 railroad representative. Questions addressed container ownership, liability at different stages of a movement, benefits of different types of leases, container tracking (state of practice), transfer costs, security risks, and the outcome of a container at the end of its useful life. This study provides planners and those outside the industry with information on this dynamic sector and likely future changes.

The Death of the Welfare State and the Rise of Free-Market Family Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Maxine Eichner
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Government Benefits

This chapter shows how, in the last decades of the twentieth century, the United States abandoned its view that insulating families from harm by market forces was a basic function of government. This shift began in the early 1970s. At that time, it had looked like the government would move further toward protecting families by enacting two proposed pieces of legislation: a guaranteed income plan for families with children and universal daycare. Both plans ultimately failed, however. Their failure was partly a product of happenstance, but two other forces were also at work. The first of these was the growing—but false—belief that government support for families weakened them, whereas markets made them strong. The second was the rising racist—and equally false—belief that the majority of government benefits were going to undeserving African Americans. These forces coalesced in the passage of welfare reform in 1996 and gave rise to the free-market family policy we have today.

Paying Equitably for Urban Congestion through National Road Pricing System

1996 ◽  
Vol 1558 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Fazil T. Najafi ◽  
Fadi Emil Nassar ◽  
Paul Kaczorowski
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
National Road

Automated toll collection (ATC) systems have been implemented successfully in the United States to collect tolls on bridges and at tunnels and turnpikes. A conceptual national automated road pricing system (NARPS) is described. NARPS consists of a nationwide application of an integrated and coordinated ATC system. Its primary purpose is to collect variable tolls on congested urban roads to improve traffic distribution and the overall efficiency of the highway system. The components of the proposed system are transponders, detectors, and processors used to automatically identify approaching vehicles at normal speed, calculate applicable tolls, and maintain local data bases of all tolls and vehicles to be processed remotely in a control center. A nationwide application of an integrated ATC system offers numerous significant advantages: cost savings, efficiency, traffic management, and a host of secondary applications that are not feasible with localized ATC systems. The management of the system is simplified by billing only drivers who exceed a threshold toll amount, thereby exempting the majority of drivers in rural and other areas.

IV—Doppler and Civil Aviation

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Density ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Position Information ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Space Pattern

Those familiar with the history of navigation aids may, with good reason, be reluctant to look upon any new aid as a panacea, but there appears to be no doubt that doppler will effect a revolutionary improvement in air navigation as we know it today. We have, for the first time, an aid self-contained in the aeroplane, independent of propagation conditions or weather, capable of giving position information anywhere over the globe with an accuracy certainly adequate to join the approach facilities at the destination aerodrome. Some of us not actively engaged in flying the world's routes tend to be influenced in our outlook by the navigation problems and facilities in high-density areas like western Europe, the United States or even the North Atlantic, and we are inclined to forget that this is only a very small part of the world route structure. The intensity of aviation activity in these high-density areas warrants the establishment of a network of radio beacons, ranges, VOR's and space pattern systems like Loran and Decca to bring order into the traffic flow, besides assisting the navigation of individual aeroplanes. When, however, we consider the immense distances flown by aircraft through Africa and India to the Far East and Australia, to South America and across the Pacific, to say nothing of Communist Asia, we begin to realize what a real dearth of navigation facilities there is over the globe.

scholarly journals 2017 Annual Report of the University of Kansas Health System Poison Control Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Lisa K Oller ◽  
Stephen L Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
University Of Kansas ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Route Of Exposure

Introduction This is the 2017 Annual Report of the University of Kansas Health System Poison Control Center (PCC). The PCC is one of 55 certified poison control centers in the United States and serves the state of Kansas 24-hours a day, 365 days a year. The PCC receives calls from the public, law enforcement, health care professionals, and public health agencies, which are answered by trained and certified specialists in poison information with the immediate availability of medical toxicology back up. All calls to the PCC are recorded electronically in the Toxicall® data management system and uploaded in near real-time to the National Poison Data System (NPDS), which is the data repository for all poison control centers in the United States. Methods All encounters reported to the PCC from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 were analyzed. Data recorded for each exposure included caller location, age, weight, gender, substance exposed to, nature of exposure, route of exposure, interventions, medical outcome, disposition and location of care. Encounters were classified further as human exposure, animal exposure, confirmed non-exposure, or information call (no exposure reported). Results The PCC logged 21,431 total encounters in 2017, including 20,278 human exposure cases. Cases came from every county in Kansas. Most of the human exposure cases (51.4%, n = 10,430) were female. Approximately 66% (n = 13,418) of human exposures involved a child (defined as age less than 20 years). Most encounters occurred at a residence (94.0%, n = 19,018) and most calls (69.5%, n = 14,090) originated from a residence. Almost all human exposures (n = 19,823) were acute cases (exposures occurring over eight hours or less). Ingestion was the most common route of exposure documented (80.5%, n = 17,466). The most common reported substance in pediatric encounters was cosmetics/personal care products (n = 1,255), followed by household cleaning products (n = 1,251). For adult encounters, analgesics (n = 1,160) and sedatives/hypnotics/antipsychotics (n = 1,127) were the most frequently involved substances. Unintentional exposures were the most common reason for exposures (78.6%, n = 15,947). Most encounters (69.4%, n = 14,073) were managed in a non-health care facility (i.e., a residence). Among human exposures, 14,940 involved exposures to pharmaceutical agents, while 9,896 involved exposure to non-pharmaceuticals. Medical outcomes were 28% (n = 5,741) no effect, 18% (n = 3,693) minor effect, 9% (n = 1,739) moderate effect, and 2% (n = 431) major effect. There were 16 deaths in 2017 reported to the PCC. Number of exposures, calls from health care facilities, cases with moderate or major medical outcomes, and deaths increased in 2017 compared to 2016, despite a decrease in total exposures. Conclusions The results of the 2017 University of Kansas Health System Poison Control annual report demonstrated that the center continues to receive calls from the entire state of Kansas, totaling over 20,000 human exposures per year. While pediatric exposures remain the most common, a trend of increasing number of calls remains from health care facilities and for cases with serious outcomes. The 2017 PCC data reflected current national trends. This report demonstrated the continued importance of the PCC to both the public and health care providers in the state of Kansas.

Topical Minoxidil Exposures and Toxicoses in Dogs and Cats: 211 Cases (2001–2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy C. Tater ◽  
Sharon Gwaltney-Brant ◽  
Tina Wismer
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Topical Minoxidil ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
American Society ◽  
Major Illness

ABSTRACT Topical minoxidil is a medication for hair loss, initially available in the United States by prescription only and available since 1996 as an over-the-counter product. To determine the epidemiology of minoxidil exposures and toxicoses in dogs and cats, 211 dog and cat cases with topical minoxidil exposure were identified from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center database. In 87 cases with clinical signs of toxicosis (62 cats, 25 dogs), case narratives were reviewed and coded for exposure-related circumstances. Unintentional delivery, especially while pet owners applied minoxidil for his/her own hair loss (e.g., pet licked owner’s skin or pillowcase, pet was splashed during a medication spill), was the most common cat exposure circumstance. Exploratory behavior (e.g., searching through trash) was the most common dog exposure circumstance. Clinical signs occurred in dogs and cats even with low exposure amounts, such as drops or licks. In patients that developed clinical signs, most developed moderate or major illness (56.0% dogs, 59.7% cats). Death occurred in 8/62 (12.9%) cats that developed clinical signs after the pet owner’s minoxidil use. Pet owners should be educated on the risk of dog and cat toxicosis from accidental minoxidil exposure.

Distributed Control System for Turbine Engines

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Distributed Control System ◽  
Smart Actuators ◽  
Control Computer

A Distributed Control System (DCS) for a turbine engine has been demonstrated and tested, consisting of prototype Electronic Interface Units (EIUs) connected to data and power busses. In the DCS, a central control computer communicated with smart sensors and smart actuators via a 2.5 megabit/sec digital data bus, using the Fieldbus protocol. Power was distributed to the smart devices as 100-kHz 100V peak AC, allowing light, simple power converters at each smart device. All smart sensors, smart actuators and cables were dual-redundant. The smart actuators received position demand from the central control computer, exchanged data between channels to provide local redundancy management, closed the position loop locally, and reported actuator position to the central controller. Smart sensors converted sensed signals to digital values in engineering units, and performed local built-in tests. Testing of the DCS was done in a closed-loop simulation with an engine model. Frequency response of the DCS was almost identical with the conventional system.

The Genesis of Electronic Charting

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Lanziner
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Geodetic Survey ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Position Information ◽  
System A ◽  
Electronic Chart ◽  
Marine Navigation ◽  
The Way

AbstractSignificant advances in marine navigation have resulted in all major vessels being equipped with GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers today, capable of providing highly accurate positions worldwide as an input to ECS (Electronic Chart System) and ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System), a system that was approved by IMO (International Maritime Organization) for use on ships in 1989.Similarly, most major vehicle fleet operations and, in fact, most automobiles are now available with devices referred to as a “GPS,” although they consist of the same two distinct subsystems. One is essentially a GPS receiver that collects signals from a satellite constellation to calculate a position. Most importantly, it provides a latitude and longitude position, which is sent to the second subsystem consisting of a computer with a graphics display that shows this Lat/Lon position on a map or chart background.To manufacturers, GPS is primarily an enabling technology for electronic charts and mapping systems that provides the necessary position information so it can be displayed in relation to surrounding hazards. It does this without delay and often in combination with other important navigation sensor data on board. Without charts as a background, numbers or coordinates alone can't tell the mariner about his or her relationship to a reef or shoal up ahead.Without such systems, ships could not meet the suggested accuracies for “Harbor Entrance and Approach” in the United States. ECDIS has been recognized by many great leaders in the industry:“It will completely change the way we do business…. For the first time you will know where you are, not where you were.”—RADM J. Austin Yeager, NOAA Coast & Geodetic Survey (A New Way to Navigate)“ECDIS is the most significant improvement in navigation in the past 100 years.”—Captain Ed Rollinson, U.S. Coast Guard (ECDIS—A View From the Bridge, issued by The Canadian Hydrographic Service and Partners, U.S. Coast Guard R&D Center)“ECDIS…Potentially the most significant breakthrough in marine navigation that has occurred since the advent of radar almost 50 years ago”—Dr. Lee Alexander, Chairman of International Electrotechnical Commission Working Group (Leading the Way with ECPINS, issued by Offshore Systems Ltd. [OSL]/Offshore Systems International [OSI])Development and application of the first ECS is presented, together with subsequent advances to the level of ECDIS.

scholarly journals Investigating the Link between Unemployment and Disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirah Jane Dow ◽  
Brady D. Lund ◽  
William K. Douthit
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Reference Position ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Job Ads

Informed by an overview of job advertisement research published during the past two decades, the purpose of this study is to address disability and employment in library and information science by investigating job ads for academic library reference positions for their written language comprehension qualities. With concerns for rising unemployment rates of qualified, college educated individuals with disabilities including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and the need to increase diversity in the workforce, we conducted a multi-step content analysis of all academic library reference position advertisements (43) published by libraries in the 12 member states of a Midwestern United States regional library association. The theoretical lens for our study draws on the field of linguistics and particularly two important components of discourse, the reading of 1) words and sentences containing lexically ambiguous words and 2) fixed formulaic sequences. From the identified reference position job ads (148 pages, 16,724 words), 79 passages were coded as problematic in the announcement areas of 1) general position information (23), 2) duty and/or responsibility (34), and 3) qualifications (22). Passages were organized into 32 categorical examples of lexically ambiguous words and 15 examples of formulaic sequences that do not in our view have universal meaning and can lead to uncertainty and misunderstandings among potential applicants with and without intellectual disabilities. Examples of clear, accurate language to replace problematic language are presented. While this study focuses on job ads in the United States, it has international implications and relevance as ASD and related disabilities exist worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document