Traditional dispute resolution in Micronesia

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Wolff ◽  
O. Randall Braman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Traditional Approaches

AbstractTraditional approaches to dispute resolution in Micronesia offer elements of reconciliation that are practical and essential for maintaining peaceful relationships on a small island. These elements include family involvement, ritualistic processes, symbolism, mediation, and restitution. Using information gathered through interviews and an observation of a simulation, and by reviewing literature related to cultural differences in general, this paper introduces these elements, describes their application in real life and ceremonial events, and discusses theoretical connections with the cultural dimension of individualism and collectivism. In conclusion, the authors encourage a heightened awareness, further research, and continued practice of traditional Micronesian approaches to dispute resolution.

Individualism and Collectivism: What Differences between Portuguese and Romanian Adolescents?

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ciochinã ◽  
Luísa Faria
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Two Independent Variables

This article presents the results of a series of preliminary comparisons, between the Portuguese and Romanian cultural contexts, on the individualism-collectivism (IND/COL) cultural dimension. The IND/COL was evaluated with the Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire – ICQ –, constructed in New Zealand by Shulruf, Hattie and Dixon (2003, Anonymous Questionnaire of Self-Attitudes –AQSA), and adapted to the Portuguese and Romanian contexts by Ciochină and Faria (2007), using studies of confirmatory factor analysis. The ICQ composed by 26 items, 15 evaluating the IND scale– with three subscales (Uniqueness, Competition and Responsibility) –, and 11 evaluating the COL scale – with two subscales (Harmony and Advice) –, was administered to 395 subjects, 200 Portuguese and 195 Romanian, 10th and 12th graders. On the whole, in the Portuguese and Romanian samples, the multivariate and univariate statistical analyses evidenced the existence of two independent variables – gender and cultural context –, with significant effects, main and of interaction, on the scales and subscales of the ICQ. The results were discussed taking into consideration the specificities of the educational systems in the two cultural contexts, which are inevitably shaped by socio-cultural factors characteristic of the two countries considered in the present study – Portugal and Romania.

scholarly journals The effect of national cultural differences of board members on integrated reporting

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Alfiero ◽  
Massimo Cane ◽  
Ruggiero Doronzo ◽  
Alfredo Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This research, based on stakeholder theory and the national cultural dimensions, aims to test the influence of foreigners on board and its size on Integrated Reporting (IR) practices. The analysis is based on a sample of 1,058 European companies from 18 different countries, who adopted or not the IR for the year 2015, and it relies on a Logit. The dependent variable is a dummy (presenting or not the IR) and the independent variables are represented by the board characteristics (foreigners and size). The impact of the critical mass on the presence of foreigners and the cultural dimension on the basis of directors’ nationality was tested relying on the masculinity/femininity dimension of Hofstede. Besides, the directors’ country of origin was considered, namely if they belong to the major European countries presenting a wider IR diffusion. The relationship between foreigners on board and IR is found to be negative. This means that companies with at least one foreigner are less inclined to adopt IR. The results show that the boards with more of three foreign administrators have a major propensity to adopt the IR. The membership of the directors in countries with a feminist culture also has a positive effect.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEMISKINAN DI KOTA SEMARANG DARI DIMENSI KULTURAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyu Rejekiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Real Work ◽  
Low Educated

This research is used to describe and identify the characteristics of poor people in Semarang. We select poor people from 4 villages in Semarang as sample, Bubakan, Krobokan, Genuksari, and Tandang village. In general, factors that cause poverty can be divided into 3 dimensions, natural, structural, and cultural factors. Poverty studies in this research will be analyzed by Cultural dimension approach. From the result we know that the characteristics of poor people in Semarang, are: most of the households’ leaders are low educated (elementary graduated), work as labors, and have some responsibilities to three persons. Besides, we know that there is no equal level on support distribution to poor people. Related to the analysis from cultural dimensions, we know that in Semarang, poor people have cultural value orientations and positive behaviors to see the real life, real work, real time, and the connections between nature and human.

Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-157
Author(s):  
Thomas Bradley ◽  
Paul Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
History Of

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.

Impact of Social Networking on College Students

2013 ◽  
pp. 263-275
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Kanagavel ◽  
Chandrasekharan Velayutham
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Real Life ◽  
College Going ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
Virtual Interaction ◽  
Indian Students ◽  
Youth Perspective

In today’s world where Internet has experienced tremendous growth, social networking sites have become highly significant in peoples’ lives. This comparative study between India and the Netherlands will concentrate on youngsters more precisely college going students in Chennai and Maastricht. The research explores how college students create identity for themselves in the virtual world and how they relate to others online. It will analyze the cultural differences from the youth perspective in both the countries and discuss whether social networking sites isolate youngsters from the society or help them to build relationships; the participation in these sites is also explored. Survey technique, interview, and online observation were the research methods used. Findings show that Indian students spend more time in these sites than Dutch students and Dutch students participate more actively than Indian students. It was also found that virtual interaction taking place in these sites is just a supplement to real life interaction.

Introduction to Cultural Psychology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Robyn M. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Indigenous Psychology ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Chapter 1 explores the field of cultural psychology, the concept of culture, why we should study culture, and other disciplines that study culture. It provides definitions and distinguishing features for the terms culture, nationality, and ethnicity. It discusses the fields that study culture including cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, indigenous psychology, anthropology, cultural studies, and sociology. It explains ways to think about culture and constructs such as cultural universal and culture-specific, emics and etics, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, and individualism and collectivism. It examines why we should study culture and the applied value of cultural psychology in real-life settings such as school, the workplace, and clinical contexts. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.

Cultural Differences in the Construal of Suffering and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062095880
Author(s):  
Li-Jun Ji ◽  
Mark Khei ◽  
Suhui Yap ◽  
Xinqiang Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Lay Theory

The present research examines how suffering is construed across cultures. Study 1 ( N 1 = 264; N 2 = 745) asked participants to provide free associations for suffering. Chinese individuals generated more positive associations than did Euro-Canadians. Study 2 ( N = 522) had participants create a hypothetical potion of suffering to represent what people would experience while suffering. Chinese participants added more positive ingredients and fewer negative ingredients than Euro-Canadians did. How would cultural differences in the construal of suffering matter in a real-life negative situation? Study 3 ( N = 608) showed that Chinese participants generated a greater proportion of potential positive outcomes for the COVID-19 outbreak and reported more positive affect during the pandemic than did Euro-Canadians. Thus, Chinese construe suffering more positively than Euro-Canadians. These findings are consistent with previous research on cultural differences in dialectical thinking and lay theory of change and have implications for coping and resilience.

Sustainable Islands: Defining a Sustainable Development Framework Tailored to the Needs of Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Jorge Saavedra ◽  
Gerard Alleng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Energy Transportation

Like other Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Caribbean island economies have intrinsic characteristics that make them vulnerable to external shocks. The recent pandemic highlights the structural problems of small island economies. Due to their remote location and small size, islands lack economies of scale and rely on global supply chains, which are currently disrupted. Islands depend either on service-based economic activities like tourism, which are being affected during the current crisis, or on a single commodity, which makes them extremely vulnerable. Islands must rethink their approach to development, adopting one of sustainable development. The Sustainable Islands Platform aims to create a new approach that targets the needs of Caribbean islands and prescribes circular economy-inspired interventions in key areas such as sanitation, waste management, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy, transportation, and health. Traditional approaches have not proven successful in solving developing problems on SIDS. Therefore, a new concept that considers islands in a new way should be considered.

scholarly journals The Effect of Individualism and Collectivism on Customer Satisfaction in Retail Sector: Asian versus Western Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (SI) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Abdul Hamid Abdul Halim ◽  
Muhammad Hafizi Zamri ◽  
Mohd Faizol Rizal Mohd Rasid
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Service Satisfaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dimension Theory ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism

Customer satisfaction is defined as the customer's attitude towards the perceived service performance, which results from the differences in pre-existing expectations and the actual service performance. There are many factors that can lead to customer satisfaction, but instead of looking into all factors, it is interesting to look at cultural differences since the study focuses on the Malaysian setting, which is known for the multicultural environment. More interestingly, businesses in Malaysia not only involve local customers, but as well as customers from Asian and Western regions. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between individualism and collectivism towards customer service satisfaction, specifically in the retail sector which involves multinational brands as well as multicultural customers. The use of Geert Hofstede Dimension theory in this study is because it is one of the most important theory in cultural differences studies and has generated a large body of research. A quantitative method has been used and the study has been conducted on 103 respondents, 51.5 % are from Asian origin and 48.5% are of Western origin. Although both individualism and collectivism have a significant impact on customer service satisfaction in the retail sector, it is proven in this study that collectivism has more to do in determining the satisfaction level as a whole. It is recommended that further studies should be done outside of Klang Valley. Furthermore, future research should seek to expand the pool of potential explanatory variables such as how cultural differences factor can help influence customer satisfaction.

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