scholarly journals Repetitive induction voltage modulator for heavy ion fusion

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HORIOKA ◽  
M. NAKAJIMA ◽  
M. WATANABE ◽  
M. HONDA ◽  
E. HOTTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Beam Loading ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Activities of research and development on repetitive induction voltage modulators in the Tokyo Institute of Technology–High Energy Accelerator Research Organization group are presented along with a discussion of the magnetic response of ferro-magnetic materials to fast magnetization and a transient beam loading in the modulators. The modulator is composed of independently driven modules switched by field effect transistors. To make waveform control, the induced voltages are stacked and synthesized in the induction unit. A proof-of-principle experiment shows that the module elements are successfully operated up to megahertz levels with good reproducibility. For the evaluation of magnetic core response, magnetic characteristics are investigated over a wide range of parameters, and an empirical core loss scaling is derived at minor-hysteresis loops. Using the prototype induction module, we have also investigated the effect of beam loading. Results indicate that the effect depends not only on the impedance of the driving circuit but on nonlinearity of the magnetic-core response. This means that the response of the induction modulator depends on the time scale of domain motion and operating point in the B-H plane of magnetic materials. Based on the progress of the component technology in the induction accelerator and database of magnetic materials, a system design has been developed.

Single Crystal CVD Diamond Detectors: Position and Temporal Response Measurements using a Synchrotron Microbeam Probe

2007 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morse ◽  
Murielle Salomé ◽  
Eleni Berdermann ◽  
Michal Pomorski ◽  
James Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Heavy Ion Physics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Crystal Diamond ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractUltrapure, homoeptaxially grown CVD single crystal diamond is a material with great potential for the fabrication of ionizing radiation detectors for high energy, heavy ion physics, and realtime dosimetry for radiotherapy. Only diamond has suitable transmission properties and can offer the required radiation hardness for synchrotron X-ray beam monitoring applications. We report on experiments made using a synchrotron X-ray microbeam probe to investigate the performance of single crystal diamonds operated as position sensitive, solid state ‘ionization chambers’. We show that for a wide range of electric fields >0.3Vµm−1, suitably prepared devices give excellent spatial response uniformity and time stability. With an applied field of 2Vµm−1 complete charge collection times are ∼1nsec for a diamond plate thickness of 100µm. Position sensitivity was obtained for an X-ray beam incident on the isolation gap between adjacent electrodes of a quadrant device: here, a crossover response region that results from charge carrier diffusion extends over ∼20µm. Using GHz bandwidth signal processing electronics, the signal charge collection process was measured with spatial and temporal resolutions of 1µm and <50ps.

scholarly journals Multiple electron stripping of heavy ion beams

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MUELLER ◽  
L. GRISHAM ◽  
I. KAGANOVICH ◽  
R.L. WATSON ◽  
V. HORVAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Target Chamber ◽  
Wide Range

One approach being explored as a route to practical fusion energy uses heavy ion beams focused on an indirect drive target. Such beams will lose electrons while passing through background gas in the target chamber, and therefore it is necessary to assess the rate at which the charge state of the incident beam evolves on the way to the target. Accelerators designed primarily for nuclear physics or high energy physics experiments utilize ion sources that generate highly stripped ions in order to achieve high energies economically. As a result, accelerators capable of producing heavy ion beams of 10 to 40 MeV/amu with charge state 1 currently do not exist. Hence, the stripping cross sections used to model the performance of heavy ion fusion driver beams have, up to now, been based on theoretical calculations. We have investigated experimentally the stripping of 3.4 MeV/amu Kr+7 and Xe+11 in N2; 10.2 MeV/amu Ar+6 in He, N2, Ar, and Xe; 19 MeV/amu Ar+8 in He, N2, Ar, and Xe; 30 MeV He+1 in He, N2, Ar, and Xe; and 38 MeV/amu N+6 in He, N2, Ar, and Xe. The results of these measurements are compared with the theoretical calculations to assess their applicability over a wide range of parameters.

scholarly journals Interaction of annular-focused laser beams with solid targets

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Andreev ◽  
M.E. Povarnitsyn ◽  
M.E. Veysman ◽  
A.YA. Faenov ◽  
P.R. Levashov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Energy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Laser ◽  
High Energy Laser ◽  
Hydrodynamic Code ◽  
Two Temperature

AbstractThe two-temperature, 2D hydrodynamic code Hydro–ELectro–IOnization–2–Dimensional (HELIO2D), which takes into account self-consistently the laser energy absorption in a target, ionization, heating, and expansion of the created plasma is elaborated. The wide-range two-temperature equation of state is developed and used to model the metal target dynamics from room temperature to the conditions of weakly coupled plasma. The simulation results are compared and demonstrated a good agreement with experimental data on the Mg target being heated by laser pulses of the nanosecond high-energy laser for heavy ion experiments (NHELIX) at Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung. The importance of using realistic models of matter properties is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Momentum Space Topology and Non-Dissipative Currents †

Universe ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Zubkov ◽  
Zakhar Khaidukov ◽  
Ruslan Abramchuk
Keyword(s):  
Hall Effect ◽  
Momentum Space ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Anomalous Transport ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Space Topology ◽  
Chiral Magnetic Effect ◽  
Wide Range

Relativistic heavy ion collisions represent an arena for the probe of various anomalous transport effects. Those effects, in turn, reveal the correspondence between the solid state physics and the high energy physics, which share the common formalism of quantum field theory. It may be shown that for the wide range of field–theoretic models, the response of various nondissipative currents to the external gauge fields is determined by the momentum space topological invariants. Thus, the anomalous transport appears to be related to the investigation of momentum space topology—the approach developed earlier mainly in the condensed matter theory. Within this methodology we analyse systematically the anomalous transport phenomena, which include, in particular, the anomalous quantum Hall effect, the chiral separation effect, the chiral magnetic effect, the chiral vortical effect and the rotational Hall effect.

STUDIES IN RAPIDITY AND pT-SPECTRA OF PIONS IN HIGH ENERGY NN, NA AND AA COLLISIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (30) ◽  
pp. 4615-4634 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHASKAR DE ◽  
S. BHATTACHARYYA ◽  
P. GUPTAROY
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Momentum Spectra ◽  
Transverse Momentum Spectra ◽  
Aa Collisions

The present paper aims at testing a very simple approach to interpret the characteristics of inclusive production of pions in high energy NA and AA collisions by a somewhat in-depth analysis of the same for NN interactions; and also at reporting here thus some interesting observations made on the nature of rapidity and transverse momentum spectra of the produced pions. And this approach is built upon a newly offered master formula holding the key for converting the results of high energy nucleon–nucleon (NN) collision to the corresponding observables on differential and inclusive cross-sections for both nucleon–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus (heavy ion) collisions in a generalized form. The proposed formulae, used in a somewhat phenomenological way, can provide modestly reliable parametrization of data in the broad range of collision energy and the varied range of projectile-target combinations. This opens up the possibility of understanding in a quite unified manner the large amount of data on the rapidity and transverse momentum spectra in a wide range of interactions and energies starting right from ISR, rather Bevelac, to the relativistic heavy ion collisions (RHIC) via the various collider scales of energy. The agreements between the data and calculations, in most cases, are quite satisfactory both qualitatively and quantitatively. While highlighting this success, the limitation of the approach has also been pointed out in the end as clearly and categorically as possible.

scholarly journals Magnetic core–shell Fe3O4@Cu2O and Fe3O4@Cu2O–Cu materials as catalysts for aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols assisted by TEMPO and N-methylimidazole

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 26142-26150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binyu Xu ◽  
Samuthirarajan Senthilkumar ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Zhongquan Shen ◽  
Chunxin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Benzylic Alcohols ◽  
Wide Range

Robust core–shell magnetic materials catalyse quantitatively the aerobic oxidation of a wide range of benzylic alcohols into corresponding aldehydes at room temperature showing excellent tolerance towards the substituents on the phenyl ring.

scholarly journals Production of quarkonia at RHIC

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 1645036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róbert Vértesi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Matter ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Matter Effects ◽  
Nuclear Modification ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Physics Program ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Frontier

The production of different quarkonium states provides unique insight to the hot and cold nuclear matter effects in the strongly interacting medium that is formed in high energy heavy ion collisions. While LHC explores the energy frontier, RHIC has a broad physics program to explore the nuclear modification at different energies in a wide range of systems. Some of the most interesting recent results on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]production in p+p, d+Au and A+A collisions from PHENIX and STAR are summarized in this work.

scholarly journals Calculation Methodologies of Complex Permeability for Various Magnetic Materials

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Eun S. Lee ◽  
Byeong Guk Choi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Ferrite Core ◽  
Function Generator ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Core

In order to design power converters and wireless power systems using high-frequency magnetic materials, the magnetic characteristics for the inductors and transformers should be specified in detail w.r.t. the operating frequency. For investigating the complex permeability of the magnetic materials by simply test prototypes, the inductor model-based calculation methodologies for the complex permeability are suggested to find the core loss characteristics in this paper. Based on the measured results of the test voltage Ve, current Ie, and phase difference θe, which can be obtained simply by an oscilloscope and a function generator, the real and imaginary permeability can be calculated w.r.t. operating frequency by the suggested calculation methodologies. Such information for the real and imaginary permeability is important to determine the size of the magnetic components and to analyze the core loss. To identify the superiority of the high-frequency magnetic materials, three prototypes for a ferrite core, amorphous core, and nanocrystalline core have been built and verified by experiment. As a result, the ferrite core is superior to the other cores for core loss, and the nanocrystalline core is recommended for compact transformer applications. The proposed calculation for the complex (i.e., real and imaginary) permeability, which has not been revealed in the datasheets, provides a way to easily determine the parameters useful for industrial electronics engineers.

scholarly journals The Partonic Content of Nucleons and Nuclei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Nucleon Wave Function ◽  
Neutrino Telescopes ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One

Deepening our knowledge of the partonic content of nucleons and nuclei represents a central endeavor of modern high-energy and nuclear physics, with ramifications in related disciplines, such as astroparticle physics. There are two main scientific drivers motivating these investigations of the partonic structure of hadrons. On the one hand, addressing fundamental open issues in our understanding of the strong interaction, such as the origin of the nucleon mass, spin, and transverse structure; the presence of heavy quarks in the nucleon wave function; and the possible onset of novel gluon-dominated dynamical regimes. On the other hand, pinning down with the highest possible precision the substructure of nucleons and nuclei is a central component for theoretical predictions in a wide range of experiments, from proton and heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider to ultra-high-energy neutrino interactions at neutrino telescopes.

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