Effect of ingestion by two frugivorous bat species on the seed germination of Ficus racemosa and F. hispida (Moraceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan-Hui Tang ◽  
Aeshita Mukherjee ◽  
Lian-Xi Sheng ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
Bing Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Seed Dispersers

Frugivorous bats are important seed dispersers for many plant species (Cox et al. 1991, Fleming & Heithaus 1981, Hodgkison et al. 2003a, McConkey & Drake 2006, Nyhagen et al. 2005, Utzurrum 1995). They regularly consume figs in the wild (Fujita & Tuttle 1991, Kalko et al. 1996, Shilton et al. 1999). Various species of pteropodid bats have been reported foraging on the fruits of more than 30 fig species in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa and Australia (Bhat 1994, Fujita & Tuttle 1991, Marshall & McWilliam 1982, Thomas 1984). Food transit times in frugivorous bats are relatively rapid; generally less than 30 min (Laska 1990, Tedman & Hall 1985). Several studies have demonstrated that seed germination was either enhanced or unaffected after passage through the digestive tract of bats (Figueiredo & Perin 1995, Fleming & Heithaus 1981, Lieberman & Lieberman 1986).

scholarly journals Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Leguminous Plants—A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Božena Šerá ◽  
Vladimír Scholtz ◽  
Jana Jirešová ◽  
Josef Khun ◽  
Jaroslav Julák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

The legumes (Fabaceae family) are the second most important agricultural crop, both in terms of harvested area and total production. They are an important source of vegetable proteins and oils for human consumption. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment is a new and effective method in surface microbial inactivation and seed stimulation useable in the agricultural and food industries. This review summarizes current information about characteristics of legume seeds and adult plants after NTP treatment in relation to the seed germination and seedling initial growth, surface microbial decontamination, seed wettability and metabolic activity in different plant growth stages. The information about 19 plant species in relation to the NTP treatment is summarized. Some important plant species as soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mung bean (Vigna radiata), black gram (V. mungo), pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and chickpea (Cicer aruetinum) are discussed. Likevise, some less common plant species i.g. blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and mimosa (Mimosa pudica, M. caesalpiniafolia) are mentioned too. Possible promising trends in the use of plasma as a seed pre-packaging technique, a reduction in phytotoxic diseases transmitted by seeds and the effect on reducing dormancy of hard seeds are also pointed out.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Morphotypes of Aquatic Plants Display Improved Seed Germination to Deal with Dry or Low-Rainfall Periods

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Zamudio ◽  
Pablo García-Murillo ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Plant Assemblages ◽  
Viable Seeds

In temporary ponds, seed germination largely determines how well aquatic plant assemblages recover after dry periods. Some aquatic plants have terrestrial morphotypes that can produce seeds even in dry years. Here, we performed an experiment to compare germination patterns for seeds produced by aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. saniculifolius over the course of five inundation events. During the first inundation event, percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (36.1%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (6.1%). Seed germination peaked for both groups during the second inundation event (terrestrial morphotype: 47%; aquatic morphotype: 34%). Even after all five events, some viable seeds had not yet germinated (terrestrial morphotype: 0.6%; aquatic morphotype: 5%). We also compared germination patterns for the two morphotypes in Callitriche brutia: the percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (79.5%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (41.9%). Both aquatic plant species use two complementary strategies to ensure population persistence despite the unpredictable conditions of temporary ponds. First, plants can produce seeds with different dormancy periods that germinate during different inundation periods. Second, plants can produce terrestrial morphotypes, which generate more seeds during dry periods, allowing for re-establishment when conditions are once again favorable.

First record of quadruplets in the musky ratkangaroo Hypsiprymnodon moschatus.

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Johnson ◽  
S Lloyd ◽  
T Vallance ◽  
MDB Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
First Record ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
North East ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild

THE musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodon moschatus) is endemic to the tropical rainforests of north-east Queensland (Johnson and Strahan 1982). It is the smallest (510 ? 530 g) and most unusual member of the marsupial superfamily Macropodoidea (Dennis and Johnson 1995). Unlike other macropodoids, H. moschatus is frugivorous, diurnal, has an opposable first digit on the pes, a running quadrupedal gait and possesses a relatively unspecialised digestive tract (Johnson and Strahan 1982; Dennis 2002). It also differs from all other macropodoids in typically giving birth to multiple young, usually twins ? although single young and triplets are regularly reported both in the wild and in captivity (Troughton 1967; Johnson and Strahan 1982; Johnson et al. 1983; Dennis and Marsh 1997; Lloyd 2001). However, the birth of more than three young has not previously been observed in H. moschatus or any other macropodoid, even though all species possess four teats.

scholarly journals Evidence for herbaceous seed dispersal by small-bodied fishes in a Pantanal seasonal wetland

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
RML Silveira ◽  
B Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Intestinal Contents

We analysed the germination of seeds after their passage through the digestive tract of small floodplain fishes. Samples were collected in five open flooded fields of the northern Pantanal in March 2011. All fishes were sacrificed and their intestinal contents were removed. The fecal material was weighed and stored at 4°C in a GF/C filter wrapped in aluminum foil. The material was then transferred to a receptacle containing sterilised soil from the sampling area. The fecal samples were kept in a germination chamber for 68 days and then transferred to a greenhouse for another 67 days. We collected a total of 45 fish species and 1014 individuals which produced a total amount of 32g of fresh fecal mass and 11 seedlings. We were able to identify six seedlings: two Banara arguta, two Steinchisma laxa, one Hymenachne amplexicaulis and one Luziola sp.. The fish species that produced samples with seedlings were Astyanax assuncionensis, Metynnis mola, Plesiolebias glaucopterus, Acestrorhyncus pantaneiro and Anadoras wendelli. With the exception of B. arguta the remaining plant species and all fish species were not known to be associated with the seed dispersal process of these plants. We found a ratio of 0.435 seedlings.g–1 of fresh fecal material, which is 100 times higher than the amount of seedlings encountered in fresh soil mass (92,974 grams) in seed bank studies conducted in the same study area. In particular, Astyanax assuncionensis and Metynnis mola were among the most frequent and most abundant fish taxa in the area. Together with the high seed concentration in the fish fecal material, this evidence allows us to conclude that such fish species may play an important role in seed dispersal in the herbaceous plants of the Pantanal.

scholarly journals Can tortoises facilitate the germination of plants with dry fruits? A simulation of the effects of Chelonoidis carbonarius (Testudines: Testudinidae) on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
João Fabrício Mota Rodrigues ◽  
Sâmia Paiva de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Acidic Conditions

Abstract Ingestion of seeds by vertebrates may influence seed germination and dispersion. However the mechanisms responsible by these effects and the importance of turtles in these interactions are still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate how Chelonoidis carbonarius influences the germination process of Leucaena leucocephala using an experiment conducted at the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, that simulates the passage of the seeds of this plant through the digestive tract of C. carbonarius: stomach acidic condition and seeds sown in feces. We demonstrated that sowing the seeds in feces of Chelonoidis carbonarius has a negative effect on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala, decreasing the germination speed index of the seeds, while the acidic conditions have a neutral one. This study is a first attempt to understand how turtles and tortoises may influence the seed germination, and the implications of these findings in natural environments deserve further investigations.

scholarly journals Orchid Reintroduction Based on Seed Germination-Promoting Mycorrhizal Fungi Derived From Protocorms or Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ke Zhao ◽  
Marc-André Selosse ◽  
Limin Wu ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Shi-Cheng Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ecological Specificity

Orchids are among the most endangered in the plant kingdom. Lack of endosperm in their seeds renders orchids to depend on nutrients provided by orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) for seed germination and seedling formation in the wild. OMF that parasitize in germination seeds is an essential element for orchid seedling formation, which can also help orchid reintroduction. Considering the limitations of the previous orchid reintroduction technology based on seed germination-promoting OMF (sgOMF) sourced from orchid roots, an innovative approach is proposed here in which orchid seeds are directly co-sown with sgOMF carrying ecological specificity from protocorms/seedlings. Based on this principle, an integrative and practical procedure concerning related ecological factors is further raised for re-constructing long-term and self-sustained orchid populations. We believe that this new approach will benefit the reintroduction of endangered orchids in nature.

scholarly journals Seed Germination of Roundleaf Buffaloberry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) and Silver Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) in Three Substrates

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Taun Beddes ◽  
Heidi A. Kratsch
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Container Capacity

Abstract Many western native plant species occur in areas characterized by well-drained soils low in organic matter. Some drought-tolerant native plant species exhibit poor seed germination. It was hypothesized that traditional growing substrates high in organic matter may impede their germination; therefore, stratified seeds of roundleaf buffaloberry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) and silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) were sown in three substrates differing in organic matter and drainage properties. Seed flats were irrigated twice daily to container capacity, and held on a greenhouse bench for 40 days. Seeds of roundleaf buffaloberry exhibited greatest total germination in a calcined montmorillonite calcined clay substrate (66%); seeds exhibited low germination in a commercial peat-based germination mix (13%) and in a self-prepared, locally popular substrate (22%) that contained sphagnum peat: perlite: calcined clay: sand (2: 2: 1: 1 by vol). Seed germination of silver buffaloberry varied from 42 to 54% and was not different among the three substrates. When substrates are kept consistently moist, a calcined-clay substrate can improve germination of roundleaf buffaloberry, but not silver buffaloberry.

scholarly journals Study of the Cryopreservation Conditions for seed Materials of Chartolepis intermedia Boiss.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00046
Author(s):  
Margarita Ishmuratova ◽  
Saltanat Tleukenova ◽  
Alibek Ramasanov ◽  
Elena Gavrilkova ◽  
Dmitrii Ageev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time ◽  
Karaganda Region

For the first time, the depending of germination rate and energy of germination of Chartolepis intermedia seeds, collected in the wild of Karaganda region, from morphology of seeds and conditions of cryopreservation is investigated. The maximum results for viability are fixed for dark-colored average or large seeds. The best results are determined for variant of cryopreservation in plastic container with future defrosting at the room temperature. For the increasing parameters of seed germination we recommended to freeze Chartolepis intermedia seeds with using cryoprotector sucrose in concentration 20%. As the results of the study, we developed algorithm of cryopreservation of Chartolepis intermedia seeds in liquid nitrogen.

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