Can tortoises facilitate the germination of plants with dry fruits? A simulation of the effects of Chelonoidis carbonarius (Testudines: Testudinidae) on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae)

Abstract Ingestion of seeds by vertebrates may influence seed germination and dispersion. However the mechanisms responsible by these effects and the importance of turtles in these interactions are still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate how Chelonoidis carbonarius influences the germination process of Leucaena leucocephala using an experiment conducted at the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, that simulates the passage of the seeds of this plant through the digestive tract of C. carbonarius: stomach acidic condition and seeds sown in feces. We demonstrated that sowing the seeds in feces of Chelonoidis carbonarius has a negative effect on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala, decreasing the germination speed index of the seeds, while the acidic conditions have a neutral one. This study is a first attempt to understand how turtles and tortoises may influence the seed germination, and the implications of these findings in natural environments deserve further investigations.

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GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE PAU-DE-ESPETO (Casearia gossypiosperma) EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v45i1.27599 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Ademir Kleber Morbeck Oliveira ◽

Juliana Santos Souza ◽

Júnior Manoel Braga Carvalho ◽

Simone Alves Souza

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Economic Potential ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Germination Process ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Ecological Importance ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Forest Seeds

Casearia gossypiosperma Briq., uma espécie arbórea pertencente à família Salicaceae, é utilizada na construção civil, arborização e paisagismo. Em virtude de sua importância econômico-ecológica e da escassez de informações sobre seu processo germinativo, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar as temperaturas mais adequadas para a germinação de sementes de pau-de-espeto. As sementes utilizadas no experimento foram coletadas no Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Em seguida, elas foram submetidas a seis tratamentos, com temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C e alternadas de 20-30 e 25-35 °C, em câmaras de germinação. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes nas temperaturas de 25 e30 °C, atingindo 83 e 84%, maior velocidade de germinação (10,0 em 25 °C e 10,7 em 30 °C) e comprimento de plântula (10,3 mm em 25 °C e10,8 mm em 30 °C). Portanto, a faixa de temperatura ótima para a germinação de sementes de pau-de-espeto está entre 25 e 30 ºC.Palavras-chave: Pantanal; sementes florestais; formação de plântulas; Salicaceae. AbstractGermination of Casearia gossypiosperma seeds at different temperatures. The species Casearia gossypiosperma is a tree, Salicaceae family, and its wood is suitable for civil construction, afforest, and landscaping. Due to its economic potential, ecological importance, and lack of information on its germination process, the aim of this research was to evaluate seed germination at different temperatures. The seeds used were collected from Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil and were submitted to six different temperatures, constant of 20, 25, 30 and35 °C and alternating, 20-30 and 25-35 °C, in germination chambers. The results revealed that most seeds germinated at 25 and30 °C, producing 83 and 84% of germination, higher germination speed (10,0 at25 °C and 10.7 at30 °C), and the greatest seedlings (10.3 mm at25 °C and10.8 mm at30 °C). Therefore, the best temperatures to germination are between 25 and30 °C.Keywords: Pantanal; forest seeds; seedlings formation; Salicaceae.

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Conyza sumatrensis allelopathy effect on Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) seed germination

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 348-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo José Ferreira ◽

Patrícia da Costa Zonetti ◽

Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽

Isac George Rosset ◽

André Felipe Moreira Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Weed Management ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Bidens Pilosa ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Germination Process ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Allelopathic Compounds

Background: Other tools for weed management should be considered in addition to the use of herbicides. In this context, the identification and use of allelopathic compounds deserves attention. Question: To quantify phenolic compounds and evaluate the allelopathic potential of extracts of Conyza sumatrensis on the germination of Bidens pilosa. Studied species: Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker, Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) Study site: Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: The aqueous extracts were prepared with shoot and root portions of C. sumatrensis in concentrations: 0, 1, 5 and 10 %. Germination and germination speed index were evaluated. The total flavonoids and phenols of the tested extracts were also quantified. Results: With increasing concentrations of the extracts there was an increased inhibition of germination of B. pilosa and delays in the germination process. The extracts from the shoot of C. sumatrensis had a more expressive effect on seed germination when compared to the extracts obtained from the root. At concentration of 10 %, the extract from the shoot reduced in 83 % the percentage of germination. This may be related to the higher concentration of total flavonoids and phenols found. Conclusion: The allelopathic potential of C. sumatrensis plants can be considered since both shoot and root extracts inhibited and/or reduced the germination of B. pilosa.

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Optimal temperature for germination and seedling development of cowpea seeds

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2020v14i2.10339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros ◽

Francislene Angelotti ◽

Jéssica De Oliveira Santos ◽

Rodrigo Moura e Silva ◽

Barbara França Dantas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Optimal Temperature ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Cowpea Seeds ◽

Germination Process ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Climatic Elements

Temperature is one of the climatic elements that affect most the germination process and seedling development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the germination and seedling development of cowpea cultivars under increasing temperature. The seeds of the cultivars Acauã, Carijó, Guariba, Gurguéia, Itaim, Juruá, Pajeú, Potengi, Pujante, Rouxinol, Tapahium, and Tumucumaque were kept in germination chamber at temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C, with photoperiod of 12 h. Cowpea seeds have optimal germination performance and seedling development at temperatures in the range of 30.49 - 35.48°C. The cultivars presented germination percentage above 91% under 40°C, however, the seedling were abnormal. The temperature of 20°C provided germination above 96%, but with a longer period to germinate. The temperature range between 30 - 35°C favored the germination speed index, average time, and seed germination speed, with optimum temperatures varying between the cultivars. The highest rate of normal seedlings was observed at temperatures between 25 and 35°C.

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Acetylene Resembling Effect of Ethylene on Seed Germination: Evaluating the Effect of Acetylene Released from Calcium Carbide

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb739629 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 334-337

Author(s):

Kambiz MASHAYEKHI ◽

Aida SHOMALI ◽

Seyyed Javad MOUSAVIZADEH

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Calcium Carbide ◽

Physiological Effect ◽

Second Phase ◽

Germination Process ◽

Swiss Chard ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Long Time ◽

Positive Effect

Some vegetable seeds need a very long time to germinate. In these kinds of seeds the second phase of germination is very long. As acetylene’s chemical structure is almost similar to the gaseous hormone ethylene, its’ physiological effect on seed germination should be very similar as well. Therefore, an experiment was established in order to enhance seed germination, by treating seeds with acetylene released from interaction of calcium carbide (CaC2) with water (H2O). A simple system was designed for efficient and proper use of gaseous acetylene resulted from the two substrates interaction, which conducted the produced gas obtained inside the interaction chamber into a sealed container wherein seeds were floating in water. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of one concentration of acetylene with different exposure periods (between 1 to 8 hours) on parsley, celery and Swees chard seeds’ germination (chosen as late germinating vegetables). The effect of acetylene on seed germination speed and percent was investigated. There were significant differences in both percent and speed of germination within the various treatments. By floating for 3, 5 and 3 hours for parsley, celery and Swiss chard respectively, the highest germination rates were observed. The highest germination speed was achieved by 5, 5 and 3 hours floating respectively for parsley, celery and Swiss chard. Based on the results obtained, the current experiment suggests that acetylene has positive effect on enhancing seed germination of named vegetables, and played the role of ethylene, its effects resembling in regard to seed germination process.

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Techonolgy of Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae) seeds

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602013000100012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sara Dousseau ◽

Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽

Lúcio de Oliveira Arantes ◽

Izabel de Souza Chaves ◽

Eduardo Valente Avelino

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Germination Process ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Different Temperatures

Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae), commonly known as "pau-terra", is an arborous species native to the Brazilian savannah which possess commercial interests, as it can be used either as an ornamental or as a medicinal plant. "Pau-terra" can also be used in the heterogeneous reforestation of areas which are destined for restoration of permanent preservation degraded areas. Propagation studies with this species are scarce, being necessary then further clarification regarding the factors that influences the germination process. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different temperatures, substrates and light conditions on seed germination. We selected light brown seeds which were subjected to different interactions between temperatures (15-25, 20-30, 25 and 30°C), substrate (paper, sand and vermiculite) and light (light and dark). All seeds were later dry-incubated at 32°C for 3, 6 and 12 hours. After treatments, seeds were kept in BOD at 58% RH and the following parameters were calculated: germination (%G) and germination speed index (GSI); the formation of normal and abnormal seedlings and the number dead seeds. Interaction was observed for all variables. In the optimum temperature range, the seeds behaved as photoblastic neutral or indifferent. Under alternating temperatures, darkness enhanced the germination, especially when combined with the lower temperatures. We noted that the sowing in sand, at 25°C, allowed the maintenance of suitable combinations of germination and seedling development. With respect to desiccation tolerance, "pau-terra" seeds presented an orthodox behavior, with a linear increase of the vigor as function of drying.

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Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v43254286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽

Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽

Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽

Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽

Artemio Pérez-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Chitosan Coating ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

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Micropropagation of Syngonanthus elegantulus

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542013000100004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rogério Gomes Pêgo ◽

Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva ◽

Renato Paiva

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Nutrient Addition ◽

Native Plant ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Endangered Status ◽

Number Of Shoots

The species Syngonanthus elegantulus Ruhland is an important native plant used as cut flowers, but extractive exploration has caused the endangered status of this plant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a protocol of the micropropagation of S. elegantulus. To this end, seed germination was tested in media containing different concentrations of WPM salts. For plantlet establishment, MS and WPM media were evaluated with 50 and 100% of the salt concentrations. Different the sucrose levels in the WPM medium were also evaluated. For multiplication, the plantlets were inoculated in WPM media with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 TDZ and 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 NAA in all possible combinations. The pre-acclimatization effect was tested in the plantlets using the following substrates: sand, PlantmaxTM and vermiculite. The concentration of the medium did not influence the percentage of germination, but the germination speed index was inversely proportional to the nutrient addition to the culture medium. The best medium for plantlet establishment was WPM at the original salt concentration plus 17 g L-1 sucrose. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 NAA is recommended for callus induction. The highest number of shoots was obtained in the presence of 1.0 mg L-1 TDZ or the combination of 1.0 mg L-1 TDZ with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. S. elegantulus presented higher survival when acclimatized directly in sand.

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ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF Cyperus rotundus L. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND COWPEA SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i3.4708 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽

Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽

Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias ◽

Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Early Growth ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Root Weight ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Allelopathic Effects

POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:

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Response of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds to pre-germinative treatments and experimental conditions

Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental ◽

10.22490/21456453.4278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

Luciana Pinto Paim ◽

Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽

Juliana Carolina Alves Horlle ◽

Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽

Marília Lazarotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Substrate Temperature ◽

Water Intake ◽

White Light ◽

Green Light ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Germination Time ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Contextualization: Lupinus bracteolaris is a heliophite species that vegetates low lands, open slopes and sandstone hills. Knowledge gap: Despite the high rusticity and potential for covering poor soils, there is still no information to assist in the analysis of its seeds. Purpose: To determine pre-germinative treatments, substrate, temperature, luminosity and water intake in the vigor of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds. Methodology: Fruits were collected from 20 matrix plants, then the seeds were processed and submitted to the following tests: pre-germinative methods (six treatments at 25°C); substrates and temperatures (sand and paper at 20, 25 and 30°C); photoblast test (white light, diffuse-green light and continuous dark under 20°C) and the imbibition curve (control and scarification between sandpaper under 20°C). Evaluations: percentage of germination and formed seedlings, germination speed index, average germination time and seedling formation, using a completely randomized design. Results and conclusions: According to the analyzed variables, the results showed superiority for the pre-germinative treatment between sandpapers for 20 seconds. In addition, the substrate paper germibox and the temperature of 20°C were the most suitable during seed germination. The seeds of Lupinus bracteolaris were classified as neutral-photoblastic and without dormancy.

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Action of nitric oxide on the physiological potential and biochemical mechanisms of pea seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v43255048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Marcelo Coelho Sekita ◽

Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽

Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro ◽

Aparecida Leonir da Silva ◽

Antônio César Batista Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Water Control ◽

No Donor ◽

Germination Process ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Pea Seeds ◽

Germination Vigor ◽

Pea Seed

Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) can act in biochemical pathways of the germination process; however, there is little information about how it acts on the performance of pea seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical effects of NO on pea seed germination and vigor. Pea seeds cv. Itapuã 600 obtained from three seed lots with different levels of physiological quality were sown in a substrate moistened with water (control) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution, a NO donor (50 μM), to assess germination, vigor, activity of antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and amylase activity. NO application does not alter pea seed germination, but it increases vigor. It is more effective in seeds with lower physiological potential. In addition, NO leads to reduction in oxidative stress, favors the translocation of reserves to the embryo, and has potential for use in the treatment of pea seeds to increase seed vigor.

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