Secondary metabolites

1996 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Peter G. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
West African ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
New Metabolites

SynopsisAll plants expend energy and nutrients in the production of secondary metabolites. Ecosystem-level studies on the production of metabolites in African rain forests are reviewed and factors influencing the production and distribution of phenolic compounds discussed. These compounds appear to influence feeding behaviour in primate herbivores and may also be important in mediating the rate of leaf litter decomposition and nutrient recycling. Many metabolites are biologically active and some have proved to have medicinal value: research on some plant families that occur widely in West African forests and which have proved to be particularly rich sources of new metabolites is reviewed.

scholarly journals Skeletocutins M–Q: biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 2782-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Cheng ◽  
Clara Chepkirui ◽  
Cony Decock ◽  
Josphat C Matasyoh ◽  
Marc Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
New Metabolites

During the course of screening for new metabolites from basidiomycetes, we isolated and characterized five previously undescribed secondary metabolites, skeletocutins M–Q (1–5), along with the known metabolite tyromycin A (6) from the fruiting bodies of the polypore Skeletocutis sp. The new compounds did not exhibit any antimicrobial, cytotoxic, or nematicidal activities. However, compound 3 moderately inhibited the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), while compounds 3 and 4 performed moderately in the ʟ-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (ʟ-Leu-AMC) inhibition assay. These compounds represent the first secondary metabolites reported to occur in the fruiting bodies by Skeletocutis. Interestingly, tyromycin A (6) was found to be the only common metabolite in fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of the fungus, and none of the recently reported skeletocutins from the culture of the same strain were detected in the basidiomes.

scholarly journals Skeletocutins M-Q, biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Cheng ◽  
Clara Chepkirui ◽  
Cony Decock ◽  
Josphat C Matasyoh ◽  
Marc Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
First Report ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
New Metabolites

During the course of screening for new metabolites from basidiomycetes, we isolated and characterized five previously undescribed secondary metabolites skeletocutins M-Q (1-5) along with the known metabolite tyromycin A (6) from the fruiting bodies of the polypore Skeletocutis sp. The new compounds did not exhibit any antimicrobial, cytotoxic or nematicidal activities. However, compound 3 moderately inhibited the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus, while compounds 3 and 4 performed moderately activity in the L-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (L-Leu-AMC) inhibition assay. These compounds represent the first report of secondary metabolites occurring in the fruiting bodies of Skeletocutis. Interestingly, tyromycin A was found to be the only common metabolites in fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of the fungus, and none of the recently reported skeletocutins from the culture of the same strain was detected in the basidiomes.

scholarly journals Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Different Parts of Salsola collina Pall

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Shipeng Li ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Ying Duan ◽  
Yinhui Zhao ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Active Substances

Salsola collina Pall has a long history of being used as a traditional medicine to treat hypertension, headache, insomnia, constipation and vertigo. However, only a few biologically active substances have been identified from S. collina. Here, the shoots and roots of S. collina, namely L-Sc and R-Sc, were studied. The primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A total of 637 putative metabolites were identified and these metabolites were mainly classified into ten different categories. Correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis of metabolites showed that the L-Sc samples could be clearly separated from the R-Sc samples. Differential accumulated metabolite analysis revealed that most of differential primary metabolites were significantly lower in the L-Sc than in the R-Sc. Conversely, the major differential secondary metabolites had higher levels in the L-Sc than in the R-Sc. Further analysis indicated that the flavonoids were the major putative antioxidant components and most of putative antioxidant components exhibited higher relative concentrations in the L-Sc than the R-Sc. These results improve our understanding of metabolite accumulation and provide a reference for the study of medicinal value in S. collina.

Chemical Composition and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of leaf essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianus Benth., and isolation of the major constituent of oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navadha Bhatt ◽  
Navabha Joshi ◽  
Kapil Ghai ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Total Oil

Background: The Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is one of the most diverse and widespread plant families’ in terms of ethno medicine and its medicinal value is based on the volatile oils concentration. This family is important for flavour, fragrance and medicinal properties. Manyplants belonging to this family have indigenous value. Method: The essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianusBenth. (Lamiaceae), was analysed by GC and GC-MS analysis, while the major component was isolated and conformed by NMR spectroscopy. Result: The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, which contribute around 62% of the total oil. The major components identified were fenchone (22.90%) and carvenone oxide (16.75%), besides other mono and sesquiterpenoids. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil was tested against three gram negative bacteria viz. Pasteurellamultocida, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, two gram positive bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two fungi viz. Candida albicans and Aspergillusflavus. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was also compared to the antimicrobial activity of leaf essential oil of another Himalayan plant viz. Nepetacoerulescens. Conclusion: The oil showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against all the microbial strains and can lessen the ever-growing demand of potentially hazardous antibiotics for treatment.

scholarly journals Target screening of plant secondary metabolites in river waters by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulatu Yohannes Nanusha ◽  
Martin Krauss ◽  
Carina D. Schönsee ◽  
Barbara F. Günthardt ◽  
Thomas D. Bucheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Target Screening

Abstract Background Substantial efforts have been made to monitor potentially hazardous anthropogenic contaminants in surface waters while for plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) almost no data on occurrence in the water cycle are available. These metabolites enter river waters through various pathways such as leaching, surface run-off and rain sewers or input of litter from vegetation and might add to the biological activity of the chemical mixture. To reduce this data gap, we conducted a LC–HRMS target screening in river waters from two different catchments for 150 plant metabolites which were selected from a larger database considering their expected abundance in the vegetation, their potential mobility, persistence and toxicity in the water cycle and commercial availability of standards. Results The screening revealed the presence of 12 out of 150 possibly toxic PSMs including coumarins (bergapten, scopoletin, fraxidin, esculetin and psoralen), a flavonoid (formononetin) and alkaloids (lycorine and narciclasine). The compounds narciclasine and lycorine were detected at concentrations up to 3 µg/L while esculetin and fraxidin occurred at concentrations above 1 µg/L. Nine compounds occurred at concentrations above 0.1 µg/L, the Threshold for Toxicological Concern (TTC) for non-genotoxic and non-endocrine disrupting chemicals in drinking water. Conclusions Our study provides an overview of potentially biologically active PSMs in surface waters and recommends their consideration in monitoring and risk assessment of water resources. This is currently hampered by a lack of effect data including toxicity to aquatic organisms, endocrine disruption and genotoxicity and demands for involvement of these compounds in biotesting.

scholarly journals Genetic and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Influencing the Content of Antioxidants in Cucurbit Crops

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martínez ◽  
Juan Luis Valenzuela ◽  
Manuel Jamilena
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Cucurbitaceae is one of the most economically important plant families, and includes some worldwide cultivated species like cucumber, melons, and squashes, and some regionally cultivated and feral species that contribute to the human diet. For centuries, cucurbits have been appreciated because of their nutritional value and, in traditional medicine, because of their ability to alleviate certain ailments. Several studies have demonstrated the remarkable contents of valuable compounds in cucurbits, including antioxidants such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, but also tannins and terpenoids, which are abundant. This antioxidant power is beneficial for human health, but also in facing plant diseases and abiotic stresses. This review brings together data on the antioxidant properties of cucurbit species, addressing the genetic and pre- and postharvest factors that regulate the antioxidant content in different plant organs. Environmental conditions, management, storage, and pre- and postharvest treatments influencing the biosynthesis and activity of antioxidants, together with the biodiversity of this family, are determinant in improving the antioxidant potential of this group of species. Plant breeding, as well as the development of innovative biotechnological approaches, is also leading to new possibilities for exploiting cucurbits as functional products.

scholarly journals Effects of rhizosphere fungi on the chemical composition of fruits of the medicinal plant Cinnamomum migao endemic to southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhong Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Huang ◽  
Bingli Tong ◽  
Deng Wang ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Fungal Populations

Abstract Background This study examined how rhizosphere fungi influence the accumulation of chemical components in fruits of a small population species of Cinnamomum migao. Results Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant in the rhizosphere fungal community of C. migao. Pestalotiopsis and Gibellulopsis were associated with α-Terpineol and sabinene content, and Gibellulopsis was associated with crude fat and carbohydrate content. There were significant differences in rhizosphere fungal populations between watersheds, and there was no obvious change between fruiting periods. Gibberella, Ilyonectria, Micropsalliota, and Geminibasidium promoted sabinene accumulation, and Clitocybula promoted α-Terpineol accumulation. Conclusion The climate-related differentiation of rhizosphere fungal communities in watershed areas is the main driver of the chemical composition of C. migao fruit. The control of the production of biologically active compounds by the rhizosphere fungal community provides new opportunities to increase the industrial and medicinal value of the fruit of C. migao.

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