scholarly journals The merits of using Ethereum MainNet as a Coordination Blockchain for Ethereum Private Sidechains

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robinson
Keyword(s):  
State Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Static Data ◽  
Public Keys ◽  
Pros And Cons

Abstract A Coordination Blockchain is a blockchain that coordinates activities of multiple private blockchains. This paper discusses the pros and cons of using Ethereum MainNet, the public Ethereum blockchain, as a Coordination Blockchain. The requirements Ethereum MainNet needs to fulfil to perform this role are analyzed within the context of Ethereum Private Sidechains, a private blockchain technology which allows many blockchains to be operated in parallel, and allows atomic crosschain transactions to execute across blockchains. We found that Ethereum MainNet is best suited to storing long-term static data that need to be widely available, such as the Ethereum Registration Authority information. However, due to Ethereum MainNet’s probabilistic finality, it is not well suited to information that needs to be available and acted upon immediately, such as the Sidechain Public Keys and Atomic Crosschain Transaction state information that need to be accessible prior to the first atomic crosschain transaction being issued on a sidechain. Although this paper examined the use of Ethereum MainNet as a Coordination Blockchain within reference to Ethereum Private Sidechains, the discussions and observations of the typical tasks a Coordination Blockchain may be expected to perform are applicable more widely to any multi-blockchain system.

scholarly journals Management of digital documents with encrypted signature, through the use of centralized PKI, and distributed using blockchain for a secure exchange

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Anastacio Antolino-Hernández ◽  
Heberto Ferreira-Medina ◽  
Cristhian Torres-Millarez ◽  
Juan Carlos Olivares-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Public Key Infrastructure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Digital Documents ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Legal Power ◽  
Distributed Verification ◽  
Public Keys ◽  
Digital Document

The project explores the use of digital documents as a response to the problems presented by physical documents, since they are at risk of partial or total loss.The solution is the digitalization that plays a very important role in society and the contemporary world. This helps sustainability and the preservation of natural resources.The security of the archives is a necessity that requires as solution to use the technology of public key infrastructure (PKI) to generate a digital document, besides registering the public and private keys of the personnel that has the legal power to sign them. These documents are stored on an official server and distributed among the registered hosts of the network. This certificatewill help to detect changes in an unauthorized way, when comparing the document with the original. In this phase of distributed verification, the Blockchain technology will be used.Then the proposal is to build a tool to generate digital documents, in addition to managing public keys, transaction logs and records. The use of Blockchain will allow to establish and configure a Peer to Peer (P2P) network for a secure exchange.

scholarly journals REVOLUSI DIGITAL & DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN CRYPTOCURRENCY DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF LITERATUR REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-291
Author(s):  
Uli Wildan Nuryanto ◽  
Pramudianto Pramudianto
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Backup System ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Pros And Cons

The spread of digital technology currently faster and influence on all of human dimension, including to the financial sector. The presence of cryptocurrency using blockchain technology has changed the previously system that has been used for a long period and it come a pros and cons. The system built using peer-to-peer cause the system no longer need the 3rd party that control the financial system and since the system decentralized. The nature of cryptocurrency which made as the same with gold characteristic such as the limitation of quantity, process to get it must through the mining process, more resistance from inflation are making people and society interested and significantly increase time by time. The decentralized and anonymous blockchain working system for token holders and safe has presented as a new paradigm in the financial sector. But on other hand, there are many challenges and dynamics that arise due to the emergence of these cryptocurrency, one of which is risk from the legal perspective where there are cases of money laundering involving of crypto, losses to the investor asset due to ICO process that not run smoothly, the emergence losses from crypto exchanges that hacked due to not have a high security backup system that made the customer losses their digital wallet. Crypto value that tend to have high volatility and fluctuating rates with fast count also increase the risk. The readiness of countries and drafting laws related to the crypto was contribution for this research. One of the biggest interested from the public is the use of crypto as long asset investment, where the values increasing from year to year, even Bitcoin as one of the cryptocurrencies that previously worthless but currently has very fantastic values and become a favourite from the investor

ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE BANKING SECTOR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ilkovych ◽  
◽  
Maryna Korol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Further Development

The article considers the essence of blockchain technology and the possibility of its application in the banking sector. The current state of development and application of blockchain technologies in various industries is analyzed. The pros and cons of using blockchain technologies for the banking sector are identified. Emphasis is placed on the role of blockchain technologies in the further development of the banking sector. The most promising directions of development of this technology are considered. Particular attention is paid to examples of the use of blockchain technology by global banking institutions.

Evaluating the Financial Performance Through ‘Consumer Centric Decision’ Approach in Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh: a Business Planning Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Mahmud Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Choice ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Business Analysis

Pharmaceuticals agglomerations consistently use their brand image and versatile product portfolios to consolidate their position in the financial sector, which is evident in their continuous profit making and expansion in market share. This paper explores the short-term and long-term investment attractiveness through ‘consumer centric decision’ approach in two selected pharmaceutical companies, Renata Limited and Orion Pharma Limited, of Bangladesh over the last three years’ period. This research adopts a systematic approach which primarily addresses the various concerns of investors to illustrate the decision-making process of the existing and future investors. Using primarily domestic transaction data, this study explores how the leading pharmaceuticals companies of Bangladesh effectively use the wide array of drug portfolios mix with appropriate branding techniques to increase their financial profit and market share simultaneously. Both SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces Model explore the business analysis of Renata Limited in compare to Orion Pharma Limited that provides a conclusion regarding investors’ decision to invest in Renata Limited. Considering the financial analysis, Renata’s financial liquidity is not very satisfactory and could have been improved further if management is prudent on financial strategy settings. Findings of the business analysis indicate that Renata Limited would be a good investment choice for existing and prospective shareholders based on its opportunities for long term and short term growth and further expansion in developing the market. The results suggest that even lower liquidity coupled with higher interest borrowings can be balanced by posing positive picture to the public shareholders by returning the positive dividend to them.

Approaches to Supporting Local and Community Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesel Mack Filgueiras ◽  
Andreia Rabetim ◽  
Isabel Aché Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social

Reflection about the role of community engagement and corporate social investment in Brazil, associated with the presence of a large economic enterprise, is the major stimulus of this chapter. It seeks to present how cross-sector governance can contribute to the social development of a city and how this process can be led by a partnership comprising a corporate foundation, government, and civil society. The concept of the public–private social partnership (PPSP) is explored: a strategy for building a series of inter-sectoral alliances aimed at promoting the sustainable development of territories where the company has large-scale enterprises, through joint efforts towards integrated long-term strategic planning, around a common agenda. To this end, the case of Canaã dos Carajás is introduced, a municipality in the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, where large-scale mining investment is being carried out by the mining company Vale SA.

scholarly journals Third Party Certification of Agri-Food Supply Chain Using Smart Contracts and Blockchain Tokens

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5307
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges dos Santos ◽  
Nunzio Marco Torrisi ◽  
Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Every consumer’s buying decision at the supermarket influences food brands to make first party claims of sustainability and socially responsible farming methods on their agro-product labels. Fine wines are often subject to counterfeit along the supply chain to the consumer. This paper presents a method for efficient unrestricted publicity to third party certification (TPC) of plant agricultural products, starting at harvest, using smart contracts and blockchain tokens. The method is capable of providing economic incentives to the actors along the supply chain. A proof-of-concept using a modified Ethereum IGR token set of smart contracts using the ERC-1155 standard NFTs was deployed on the Rinkeby test net and evaluated. The main findings include (a) allowing immediate access to TPC by the public for any desired authority by using token smart contracts. (b) Food safety can be enhanced through TPC visible to consumers through mobile application and blockchain technology, thus reducing counterfeiting and green washing. (c) The framework is structured and maintained because participants obtain economical incentives thus leveraging it´s practical usage. In summary, this implementation of TPC broadcasting through tokens can improve transparency and sustainable conscientious consumer behaviour, thus enabling a more trustworthy supply chain transparency.

Take it to the (public) bank: The efficiency of public bank loans to private firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Kärnä
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractIncomplete capital markets and credit constraints for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often considered obstacles to economic growth, thus motivating government interventions in capital markets. While such policies are common, it is less clear to what extent these interventions result in firm growth or to which firms interventions should be targeted. Using a unique dataset with information about state bank loans targeting credit-constrained SMEs in Sweden with and without complementary private bank loans, this paper contributes to the literature by studying how these loans affect the targeted firms for several outcome variables. The results suggest that the loans create a one-off increase in investments, with long-term, positive effects for sales and labor productivity but only for firms with 10 or fewer employees. Increased access to capital by firms can therefore produce increases in economic output but only in a specific type of firm. This insight is of key importance in designing policy if the aim is to increase economic growth.

scholarly journals Transference of Citizen Science Program Impacts: A Theory Grounded in Public Participation in Scientific Research

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Louise I. Lynch-O’Brien ◽  
Wayne A. Babchuk ◽  
Jenny M. Dauer ◽  
Tiffany Heng-Moss ◽  
Doug Golick
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Informal Science Education ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Program Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Added Benefit

Citizen science is known for increasing the geographic, spatial, and temporal scale from which scientists can gather data. It is championed for its potential to provide experiential learning opportunities to the public. Documentation of educational outcomes and benefits for citizen scientists continues to grow. This study proposes an added benefit of these collaborations: the transference of program impacts to individuals outside of the program. The experiences of fifteen citizen scientists in entomology citizen science programs were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory methodology. We propose the substantive-level theory of transference to describe the social process by which the educational and attitudinal impacts intended by program leaders for the program participants are filtered by citizen scientists and transferred to others. This process involves individual and external phases, each with associated actions. Transference occurred in participants who had maintained a long-term interest in nature, joined a citizen science program, shared science knowledge and experiences, acquired an expert role to others, and influenced change in others. Transference has implications for how citizen scientists are perceived by professional communities, understanding of the broader impacts and contributions of citizen science to wicked problems, program evaluation, and the design of these programs as informal science education opportunities.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Mechanisms of Vaccination and Immunity

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Speiser ◽  
Martin F. Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Public Life ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Pros And Cons

Vaccines are needed to protect from SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Vaccines that induce large quantities of high affinity virus-neutralizing antibodies may optimally prevent infection and avoid unfavorable effects. Vaccination trials require precise clinical management, complemented with detailed evaluation of safety and immune responses. Here, we review the pros and cons of available vaccine platforms and options to accelerate vaccine development towards the safe immunization of the world’s population against SARS-CoV-2. Favorable vaccines, used in well-designed vaccination strategies, may be critical for limiting harm and promoting trust and a long-term return to normal public life and economy.

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