ENGAGEMENT PORTRAITS AND (SOCIO)LINGUISTIC PERFORMANCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Mougeon ◽  
Katherine Rehner
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Learner Engagement ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Learner Profile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

This study considers, both transversally and longitudinally, advanced second language (L2) learners’ profile portraits, how these correlate with their sociolinguistic and linguistic performance, and how changes in these portraits over time connect to changes in sociolinguistic performance. The results show a strong correlation between high degrees of learner engagement, as captured in the profile portraits, and the three measures of sociolinguistic and linguistic performance. The longitudinal data point to an increase over time both of levels of engagement and of use of informal sociolinguistic variants. By measuring the impact of learners’ evolving engagement on their use of sociolinguistic variants as they progress to a more advanced level of proficiency in their L2, the present study shows that an index of engagement can usefully summarize the multiple effects captured by the learner profile portraits and can shed light on rates of use of certain forms.

Towards a characterisation of saliency on first exposure to a second language

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 131-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Rast ◽  
Jean-Yves Dommergues
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Repetition Task ◽  
Over Time

This paper attempts to shed light on the question of what in the input is perceived and processed by the learner, and how it is processed upon first contact with a target language. Subjects were French learners of Polish who had had no contact with Polish or any other Slavic language before the onset of the project. They were tested on a sentence repetition task before receiving any Polish instruction, after 4 hours of instruction, and again after 8 hours. The results suggest that even as little as 8 hours of exposure induces a recognizable interlanguage; that the influence of global input can be predicted by word length, word stress, phonemic distance, transparency, position and frequency; and that the role these factors play evolves over time. Together the results suggest a way to characterise the notion of saliency in the input.

The development of obligatory liaison in early L2 learners of French

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Frida Splendido
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractStudies on the acquisition of Frenchliaisonhave primarily focused on monolingual children or adult second language (L2) learners in a university context. To bridge the gap between these two populations, the present article focuses on child L2 (cL2) learners – a particularly interesting group, since they are L2 learners who, unlike adults, do not have access to writing. How doesliaisondevelop in cL2 French? Is the development more similar to L1 or L2 acquisition? These questions are explored through longitudinal data from cL2 learners (age of onset: 3;0–3;5,n = 3), with monolingual (n = 2) and bilingual (n = 3) L1 controls. The cL2 data present certain similarities with adult L2 learners, but also with L1 controls. However, productions vary greatly within the L2 group: whereas one of the three learners shows clear development over time, behaving similarly to the L1 children at the end of the observation period, another learner hardly produces anyliaisonsat all.

scholarly journals Informed peer review for publication assessments: Are improved impact measures worth the hassle?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1321-1333
Author(s):  
Giovanni Abramo ◽  
Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo ◽  
Giovanni Felici
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Weighted Combination ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

In this work we ask whether and to what extent applying a predictor of a publication’s impact that is better than early citations has an effect on the assessment of the research performance of individual scientists. Specifically, we measure the total impact of Italian professors in the sciences and economics over time, valuing their publications first by early citations and then by a weighted combination of early citations and the impact factor of the hosting journal. As expected, the scores and ranks of the two indicators show a very strong correlation, but significant shifts occur in many fields, mainly in economics and statistics, and mathematics and computer science. The higher the share of uncited professors in a field and the shorter the citation time window, the more recommendable is recourse to the above combination.

Longitudinal Research in Criminology

Criminology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Zane
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Broadly, longitudinal research is research that involves longitudinal data, that is, data with a time dimension. This can be contrasted with cross-sectional data, which records information about the units of analysis at a particular point in time. Longitudinal research in criminology can be used for a variety of purposes, including quantifying trends in human behavior over time, describing the progression of life events, identifying patterns of behavior change, testing theories of crime causation, and evaluating the impact of interventions including criminal justice policy. Different types of longitudinal studies can be used for each of these aims. Panel studies look at multiple waves of data collection using same measures and sample. Cohort studies involve a particular group of individuals that are studied over time, such as a “birth cohort” or a “prison cohort.” Time-series studies involve a series of measurements taken at periodic time intervals in order to measure the impact of a change (such as a policy intervention) by comparing before- and after- measurements of the phenomena of interest. Trend studies look at change over time in a total population or sample that is generalizable to that population. In what follows, longitudinal research in criminology is reviewed with an emphasis on prospective cohort designs. First, an overview of longitudinal research and the methods for analyzing longitudinal data is first provided. Next, major longitudinal cohort studies are discussed, including early (pre-1970) and later (post-1970) cohort studies, long-term follow-ups of prospective cohort studies, and major longitudinal-experimental designs. These studies have allowed researchers to control for possible cohort effects, i.e., similarities within the group, when examining patterns in offending over time. This is especially useful for “life course” researchers who are interested in how a sequence of socially defined events affects individuals over time (i.e., age and period effects). Applications of longitudinal research are then discussed. Most notably, this involves developmental and life-course criminology, which requires longitudinal research to examine criminal careers, early risk factors for offending, offending trajectories, and adult transitions and desistance. Additionally, longitudinal research has been utilized to examine intergenerational transmission of crime, to test major theories of crime, to assess the impact of criminal justice policy, and to examine aggregate trends in crime and punishment. Each of these is briefly discussed.

Changing restructuring regimes in 11 European countries during and after the financial crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This article draws on longitudinal data to analyse restructuring in 11 EU member states in response to the 2008–2009 financial crisis. It finds that despite the dramatic crisis, restructuring regimes remained rather stable. New policies were adopted and existing policies were reformed, but changes were primarily within the existing regimes, though collectively agreed measures are important. However, in three countries, changes were more radical, indicating a shift in the dominant adjustment and governance mechanisms. These findings have implications for the understanding of how restructuring regimes change and how such changes may be studied, implying that restructuring policies cannot be evaluated in isolation. Any attempt to analyse the impact of restructuring policies on labour market outcomes must take account of the interplay of different policies and how their emphasis and character change over time.

scholarly journals Does an Increase in Population Density Increases Transit Mode Split? Going Beyond the Contemporaneous Correlation Between Built Form and Public Transit Mode Share

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanaz Dorrani Arab ◽  
Murtaza Haider
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the relationship between public transit mode share and population density. It critically reviews the long-held belief that an increase in population density (compact built form) will result in an increase in public transit ridership. The research developed a longitudinal data set of travel behavior, transit supply, and proxies of built form for 1996 and 2016 for the City of Toronto. The data set is spatially disaggregated at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level such that the TAZs that divide the City into 480 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive zones. The paper found that a cross-sectional analysis of population density and transit mode share captures mostly the contemporaneous relationship between the two and does not, by default, lend credence to the argument that if the density increases over time at a place, it will subsequently result in higher public transit ridership. Such a question will require a longitudinal analysis where the impact of a change in public density over time is examined to determine its impact, if any, on transit ridership. Using Linear Mixed Models for longitudinal data, the paper found that the contemporaneous relation between density and transit mode share holds, but the change in population density over time does not automatically correlate with an increase in transit ridership

Children’s Participation in Organized Sport and Physical Activities and Active Free Play: Exploring the Impact of Time, Gender and Neighbourhood Household Income Using Longitudinal Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cairney ◽  
Divya Joshi ◽  
Matthew Kwan ◽  
John Hay ◽  
Brent Faught
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Activité Physique ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Statut Socioéconomique ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the associations among socioeconomic status (SES), aging, gender and sport and physical activity participation from late childhood into adolescence. Drawing from previous research, we test three hypotheses regarding the impact of aging on SES and sport participation using longitudinal data. The data come from a prospective cohort study of children, all of whom were enrolled in grade 4 (at baseline) in the public school system of a large region of southern Ontario, Canada. We examine two outcome measures: participation in organized sport and physical activity and active free play. Our results show different effects of neighborhood household income, aging and gender for each outcome. For organized sport participation, neighborhood household income effects are constant over time for both boys and girls. For active free play however, neighborhood household income differences widen (or diverge) over time for girls, but not for boys. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and policy considerations.Cette étude examine les associations entre statut socioéconomique, âge, genre et participation en sport et en activité physique de la fin de l’enfance à l’adolescence. Nous nous appuyons sur les recherches antérieures et des données longitudinales pour tester trois hypothèses à propos de l’impact de l’âge sur le statut socioéconomique et la participation en sport. Les données proviennent d’une étude de cohorte prospective d’enfants, tous étant inscrits en 4ème année (au début de l’étude) dans le système scolaire public d’une grande région du sud de l’Ontario au Canada. Nous mesurons deux types de résultats : la participation en sport organisé et activité physique et le jeu libre actif. Nos résultats montrent différents effets du revenu du ménage du quartier, de l’âge et du genre pour chaque résultat. Pour la participation en sport organisé, les effets du revenu du ménage du quartier sont constants avec le temps à la fois pour les garçons et les filles. Pour le jeu libre actif en revanche, les différences dans le revenu du ménage augmentent (ou divergent) avec le temps pour les filles, mais pas pour les garçons. Nous discutons les implications de ces résultats pour les études et politiques futures.

scholarly journals Does an Increase in Population Density Increases Transit Mode Split? Going Beyond the Contemporaneous Correlation Between Built Form and Public Transit Mode Share

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanaz Dorrani Arab ◽  
Murtaza Haider
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the relationship between public transit mode share and population density. It critically reviews the long-held belief that an increase in population density (compact built form) will result in an increase in public transit ridership. The research developed a longitudinal data set of travel behavior, transit supply, and proxies of built form for 1996 and 2016 for the City of Toronto. The data set is spatially disaggregated at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level such that the TAZs that divide the City into 480 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive zones. The paper found that a cross-sectional analysis of population density and transit mode share captures mostly the contemporaneous relationship between the two and does not, by default, lend credence to the argument that if the density increases over time at a place, it will subsequently result in higher public transit ridership. Such a question will require a longitudinal analysis where the impact of a change in public density over time is examined to determine its impact, if any, on transit ridership. Using Linear Mixed Models for longitudinal data, the paper found that the contemporaneous relation between density and transit mode share holds, but the change in population density over time does not automatically correlate with an increase in transit ridership

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

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