When transparency doesn't mean ease: learning the meaning of resultative verb compounds in Mandarin Chinese

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIDONG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
The State ◽  
State Change ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Verb Compounds ◽  
Learning Issues ◽  
Specific Learning

AbstractChildren have to figure out the lexicalization of meaning components in learning verb semantics (e.g. Behrens, 1998; Gentner, 1982; Tomasello & Brooks, 1998). The meaning of an English state-change verb (e.g. break) is divided into two portions (i.e. cause and result), respectively encoded with a separate verb in a Mandarin resultative verb compound (RVC). The majority of Mandarin monomorphemic verbs do not specify any realization of a state change (like hunt), or only imply it (like wash) (Talmy, 2000). This study examines the acquisition of the constructional meaning of RVCs and the semantic division of labor between the component verbs. Four groups of Mandarin-learning children (aged 2;6, 3;6, 4;6, and 6;1) participated in an elicitation experiment. The results reveal that, although transparency in form facilitates their learning of the state-change meanings of RVCs, Mandarin children have difficulties in unpacking the meanings of individual verbs, revealing language-specific learning issues.

Mobilized Yet Contained: Popular Women, Feminisms, and Organizing around Venezuela’s 2012 Organic Labor Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110130
Author(s):  
Rachel Elfenbein
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Gendered Division Of Labor ◽  
Women's Organizing ◽  
State Adoption ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Revolution

Venezuela’s state-led national-popular Bolivarian process opened up a new political field for feminism—an approach that was both institutional and popular, aiming to combine forces from above and from below and use state gender institutions to foment popular women’s organization. Yet this field was conflictual, containing contesting popular feminist projects with different implications for the gendered division of labor. Analysis of popular women’s organizing around Venezuela’s 2012 organic labor law shows that state adoption of feminism marked a gendered political opening for popularizing feminism while also presenting risks of state co-optation of popular women’s organizing. The state understood popular women’s organization and mobilization as central to the revolution, yet it generally attempted to limit their autonomy and organizing to challenge the gendered division of labor. El bolivarianismo nacional-popular liderado por el estado venezolano abrió un nuevo campo político para el feminismo: un enfoque que era tanto institucional como popular y cuyo objetivo era combinar fuerzas tanto de arriba como de abajo, así como utilizar las instituciones estatales de género para fomentar las organizaciones populares de mujeres. Sin embargo, este campo resultó conflictivo, y parte de su contenido impugnaba proyectos feministas populares con diferentes implicaciones para las divisiones de género en el trabajo. El análisis de la organización popular de las mujeres en torno a la ley orgánica del trabajo de Venezuela de 2012 muestra que la adopción estatal del feminismo marcó una apertura política de género con intenciones de popularizar el feminismo a la vez que presentaba el riesgo de que la organización popular de las mujeres fuera cooptada por el estado. El estado consideraba la organización y movilización popular de las mujeres como esenciales a la revolución. Sin embargo y hablando generalmente, se abocó a limitar su autonomía y organización cuando se trataba de desafiar las divisiones de género en el trabajo.

THE POTENTIAL OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS IN THE MODERN REALITIES OF TRADE RELATIONS WITH THE EAEU AND EU COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
I. A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Important Regulator

Customs payments are an important regulator of the country's economic presence in foreign economic relations and trade relations. Customs receipts serve as a landmark indicator that provides the revenue side of the budget in its significant income, and also determine the place of the state in the system of the interna-tional division of labor and its corresponding place in the value chain. Customs duties (CD) act as a kind of regulator of the amount of goods imported into the territory of the state, taking into account the state and conditions of the domestic market and the country's balance of payments. The positive financial and economic multifactorial nature of CD is manifested in stimulating the optimization of the structure of imports of goods and services, and in addition, it can act as a tool to protect domestic producers from external competitors, and strengthen the state's trade balance.

scholarly journals Markets as Mere Means

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Efficient Markets ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
The Relationship

There has been a remarkable shift in the relationship between market and state responsibilities for public services like health care and education. While these services continue to be financed publicly, they are now often provided through the market. The main argument for this new institutional division of labor is economic: while (public) ends stay the same, (private) means are more efficient. Markets function as ‘mere means’ under the continued responsibility of the state. This article investigates and rejects currently existing egalitarian liberal theories about this division of labor and it presents and defends a new theory of marketization, in which social rights and democratic decision-making occupy center-stage.

Enterprise and Technology Architectures

2011 ◽  
pp. 167-221
Author(s):  
Eng K. Chew ◽  
Petter Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Strategic Alignment ◽  
The State ◽  
State Change ◽  
It Strategy ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Future

The role of integrated enterprise architecture in IT strategy and strategic alignment is explained in Chapter V. This chapter describes in detail the principles and methods for developing a business-aligned enterprise architecture that will define the roadmap to attain the future state of the enterprise envisioned by the business strategy and guide the IT investment portfolio necessary for the state change.

scholarly journals Administrative and legal support of the educational process in the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Nishchymna S. O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Specific Learning ◽  
Legal Entities

The article addresses to the characteristics of the administrative and legal support of the the educational process organization in the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service. With the declaration of independence, Ukraine has paid attention to build a European state with appropriate standards in all spheres of state activity. One of the priority areas of this course is the development of a new functioning system of the structure of law enforcement agencies, including the penitentiary system. For the proper functioning of this institution, professional personnel is needed, who will be the main persons of the development of the new penitentiary system of Ukraine in compliance with the leading standards of the European community. The Academy of the State Penitentiary Service has been established and operates in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”. The main purpose of the Academy is to train specialists in the field of knowledge “Law”, “Social and Behavioral Sciences” and other fields in order to meet the needs of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine, to provide society with qualified specialists with higher education, scientific, scientific and pedagogical staff according to the state order, contractual obligations and thus the new generations formation of national intelligentsia. The educational process in higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions, such as the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, is carried out in accordance with the legislation on higher education, although general subordination is carried out by the relevant ministry – the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Having certain peculiarities in the cadets, students and associate professors’ training, the Academy also prepares students and graduate students at the expense of individuals and legal entities. The main participants in the educational process at the Academy, as well as in any higher educational institution with specific learning conditions, along with research and teaching staff, are cadets (students) (at the expense of legal entities), students (at the expense of individuals), associate professors (graduate students). All higher education obtainers, enrolled in the Academy receive higher education at the first (bachelor’s), second (master’s) and third (educational-scientific) levels. Key words: administrative and legal support, educational process, Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, penitentiary system.

scholarly journals A ARTICULAÇÃO DOS ACONTECERES NA CONS-TRUÇÃO DOS FLUXOS GLOBAIS: NOTAS SOBRE OS CIRCUITO ESPACIAL PRODUTIVO DE MEDICA-MENTOS NA FRANÇA E NO BRASIL

GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mendes Antas Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
Technical Division

Resumo: No presente artigo, analisamos o circuito espacial produtivo de medicamentos presente nos territórios francês e brasileiro e determinadas trocas realizadas entre esses países, mas não exclusivamente. Abordamos a combinação de aconteceres homólogos, complementares e hierárquicos na execução das ações globais que constituem os circuitos espaciais produtivos, isto é, a articulação desses aconteceres por parte das corporações e do Estado de modo a promover uma sincronia entre os chamados espaços da globalização para efetivar uma divisão territorial do trabalho global. Inicialmente, discute-se a pertinência do conceito de circuito espacial produtivo em vez de cadeia produtiva ou redes de produção global. Em seguida, a articulação entre os aconteceres para a realização de ações globais. Por fim, elegemos quatro complexos de eventos do ramo farmacêutico e o modo como se apresentam nos territórios francês e brasileiro para abordar a produção de simultaneidades instrumentais à competitividade para as empresas do referido circuito espacial.Palavras chave: Circuito espacial produtivo de medicamentos. Acontecer solidário. Simultaneidade. Brasil. França. THE ARTICULATION OF EVENTS IN BUILDING OF GLOBAL FLOWS: NOTES ON THE PRODUCTIVE SPATIAL CIRCUIT OF DRUGS IN FRANCE AND BRAZILAbstract: We analyzed the spatial circuit of pharmaceutical products in French and Brazilian territories from the flow of productive inputs to this industrial production. In order to understand the modus operandi of these exchanges, we applied the concepts of homologous, complementary and hierarchical events and their articulation by companies and the State, to identify the technical division of labor between the industries of these two countries. We were able to verify the pharmaceutical industry articulations and productive particularities of each country to increase capital accumulation. We identified this intentional combination of events by transnational companies and the State by the use of simultaneity to strengthen capitalist competitiveness.Keywords: Spatial circuit of pharmaceutical products. Homologous, complementary and hierarchical events. Space-time simultaneity. Brazil. France Résumé: Nous avons analysé le circuit spatial des médicaments dans les territoires français et brésiliens à partir des flux d’intrants productifs nécessaires à cette production industrielle. Pour comprendre le traitement de ces échanges, nous avons utilisé les concepts d’événements homologues, complémentaires et hiérarchiques et leur articulation par les entreprises et l’État, identifiant comment une division technique du travail a été réalisée entre les industries installées dans ces deux pays. Nous avons pu vérifier que les laboratoires pharmaceutiques transnationaux articulent les particularités institutionnelles et productives de chaque pays pour augmenter l’accumulation de capital. Nous avons identifié cette combinaison intentionnelle d’événements par des sociétés transnationales et l’État comme l’utilisation de la simultanéité espace-temps pour renforcer la compétitivité capitaliste.Mots-clés: Circuit spatial des médicaments. Événements homologues, complémentaires et hiérarchiques. Simultanéité. Brésil. France. 

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