The feeding of treated straw and grass silage in combination to growing beef cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
S. H. Raza
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Nutritional Improvement ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Inclusion Level

Straw (barley or wheat) is an important component of the diet of ruminants in developing countries but straw has a poor nutritive value due to the extensive lignification. The nutritive value of straw can be improved by several types of treatment (chemical, physical etc.). A number of workers have investigated different techniques of chemical treatment to improve the nutritional value and dry matter intake of straw (e.g. Homb, 1984, Rexan and Knudsen, 1984). Most of the workers have studied the nutritional improvement of treated straw in vitro but relatively few have investigated the potential of this feed, of improved nutritional value and high pH as a complement and buffer to acidic grass silage.This study was planned to investigate the optimum dietary inclusion level of alkali (NaOH) treated straw without affecting adversely animal performance and the economics of feeding.

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

scholarly journals Nutritional value, fermentation losses and aerobic stability of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48272
Author(s):  
Maikon Figueredo Lemos ◽  
Alexandro Pereira Andrade ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Camila Oliveira Santos ◽  
Caio Felipe Barros Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional value, fermentation losses, and aerobic stability of elephant grass silage (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates (experimental silos) and five levels of fibrolytic enzymes (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0%). For this, the elephant grass was ensiled at 70 days of age in plastic buckets with 20L capacity. Silos were opened 60 days after sealing. Analyses were made for chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), effluent losses (EL), gas losses (GL) and dry matter recovery (DMR), as well as the aerobic stability of the silage. Data were analyzed with PROC REG of SAS® University, at 5% probability. There was an increase in IVDMD content (p < 0.0001) and reduction in NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.0001) according to enzyme levels. These results were related to the increase in the degradation of fiber fractions. There were higher EL (p = 0.0062) as a function of enzyme levels and aerobic deterioration after silo opening, at all levels tested. Thus, it can be concluded that the exogenous fibrolytic enzymes change the chemical composition of elephant grass silage, and increase its digestibility and nutritional value. Moreover, when used alone as an additive, fibrolytic enzymes are not able to recover all dry matter of this silage (with effluent and gas losses), and are not able to maintain aerobic stability in the first hours after opening the silos.

scholarly journals Effects of different banana crop residue hays on ensiling BRS capiaçu grass on fermentation profile, aerobic stability and nutritional value of silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3991-4008
Author(s):  
Ariadne Freitas Silva ◽  
◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Banana Leaf ◽  
Banana Crop

The objective of this study was to evaluate the BRS capiaçu grass silage combined with different hays of banana crop residue on fermentation profile, aerobic stability and nutritional value. The treatments consisted of elephant grass cv. BRS capiaçu (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) ensiled with 37.44% banana peel hay, 36.06% banana pseudostem hay and 37.00% banana leaf hay, on a dry matter (DM) basis and control silage (no additive). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with five treatments and five replicates. Forage was collected when it reached 3.5 meters in height (90 days). Experimental PVC silos of known weight, 50 cm long, 10 cm diameter, were used for silage making. For all treatments, silage aerobic stability breakdown started after 64 hours exposure to air. The BRS capiaçu grass control silage or silage combined with pseudostem hay (mean of 73.15 kg t GM-1) presented effluent losses 40.46% higher than those observed for BRS capiaçu grass silage + banana leaf hay and 69.17% in relation the BRS capiaçu grass silage + banana peel hay. The inclusion of banana crop residue (hay) when ensiling BRS capiaçu grass decreased 13.93% gas losses compared to the control silage (mean of 3.11% DM). Higher values of total digestible nutrients, metabolizable energy and digestible energy content was found in BRS capiaçu grass silage + with banana peel hay. The greater in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was observed for BRS capiaçu grass silage combined with pseudostem hay. The inclusion of 37.44% banana peel hay improves the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of BRS capiaçu grass silage.

scholarly journals Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of elephant grass silage added with dehydrated banana peel

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Maria Santos Brant ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
Dorismar David Alves ◽  
Mateus Alves Macedo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentative losses and nutritional value of elephant grass silages with the increasing of inclusion levels of dehydrated banana peel. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replications, being the silage exclusively from elephant grass, and five levels of inclusion of banana peel to the elephant grass silage, as the following - 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25%, being added based on natural matter. The addition of the banana peel in the silage reduced linearly (p < 0.05) the pH, the ammoniacal nitrogen and the losses of the fermentative process. In addition, the inclusion of banana peel increased linearly (p < 0.05) the dry matter and non-fibrous carbohydrates. On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber were linearly reduced with the inclusion of the banana peel (p < 0.05), but there was no change in the dry matter digestibility in situ. The inclusion of dehydrated banana peel in elephant grass silage reduces the losses of the fermentation process with more consistent results at the 25% inclusion level, however, it reduces the silage nutritional value due to fibrous and protein quality. 

The nutritive value for dairy cows of silage made from formaldehyde-treated herbage

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Significant Treatment

Formaldehyde-prepared silages and untreated silage were made from grass-clover herbage and offered to dairy cows. Formaldehyde was applied at 0.6 and 1.2% of the dry matter of the herbage. The 1.2% formaldehyde-prepared silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total organic acids and propionic acid than untreated silage, but a higher concentration of lactic acid. The 0.6% formaldehyde-prepared silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more lactic acid and less butyric acid were produced. Treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen. Cows offered the formaldehyde-prepared silages had significantly greater ad libitum dry matter intakes, produced significantly more milk, protein, butterfat and solids not fat (SNF), and utilized digestible energy more efficiently for milk production than cows offered untreated silage. Differences between treatments in the percentages of butterfat, protein and SNF in milk from cows offered the silages were generally not significant. Treatment with formaldehyde was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation to Increase the ad lib. dry matter intake and the production of milk and milk components by dairy cows.

COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE, DIGESTIBILITE ET INGESTION VOLONTAIRE D’ENSILAGES D’HERBES ET DE MAIS PAR DES AGNEAUX

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J.-C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Chemical analysis, in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake measurements were used to determine the nutritive value of different crops made as silage for sheep. In the first experiment, grass silages contained less N-NH3 than corn–pea silage. Digestible energy intake of grass silage treated with formic acid was higher than that which was untreated. Digestibility, dry matter intake and the nutritive value index were higher for corn–pea silage than for treated or untreated grass silage. In the second experiment, six different silages were made. Corn was harvested at the milk and dough stages of growth and after a frost and was chopped at either 1.3 cm or 0.6 cm. Silage made with corn harvested after a frost and chopped at 1.3 cm and that made with corn harvested at the milk stage and chopped at 0.6 cm had higher N-NH3 content than the others. Fine chopping decreased digestibility of silages harvested at earlier maturity stages but increased the digestible energy of the corn silage harvested after a frost. Voluntary intake was greater with silages harvested at the later dates than with silage harvested at the milk stage.

scholarly journals Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Andrej LAVRENČIČ ◽  
Darko VETERNIK
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
True Digestibility

The nutritive value of red deer feeds is frequently determined by sheep despite the ultimate arbitrator of the nutritive value of any feed is the host animal. The objective of the trial was to determine the influence of rumen fluid donor (sheep <em>vs</em> red deer) on <em>in vitro</em> dry matter (DMD), neutral-detergent fibre (NDFD) and true digestibility (<em>iv</em>TD) of eleven substrata, naturally occurring in Slovenian forests (chestnut fruits, acorns of common and sessile oak, two fresh grasses) and those frequently used in supplemental red deer feeding (two grass hays and two grass silages, apple pomace and sugar beet roots). Only the fresh grass from Jelendol had greater (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05) DMD (646 <em>vs</em> 508 g/kg) when incubated in red deer inoculum. The NDFD and <em>iv</em>TD were always numerically greater when substrates were incubated in red deer inocula, however the NDFD and <em>iv</em>TD were significantly greater (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) only when fresh grass from Jelendol (590 <em>vs</em> 343 g/kg and 801 <em>vs</em> 681 g/kg, respectively), grass silage from Kokra (541 <em>vs</em> 359 g/kg and 742 <em>vs</em> 639 g/kg, respectively) and apple pomace (428 <em>vs</em> 328 g/kg and 704 <em>vs</em> 653 g/kg, respectively) were incubated in the inoculum prepared from red deer rumen contents. These results indicate that rumen fluid from sheep can be used to predict <em>in vitro</em> digestibility in red deer and that these parameters can be used in the formulation of deer diets.

scholarly journals In vitro and in sacco digestibility of almond hulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 615-621
Author(s):  
K. L. Swanson ◽  
H. M. Bill ◽  
J. Asmus ◽  
J. M. Heguy ◽  
J. G. Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
In Sacco

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the in vitro digestibility and in sacco disappearance of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in total almond hulls (TAH), pure almond hulls (PAH) or Debris. The TAH were used because there are no data on the effect of debris (non-hull material) on the nutritional value of almond hulls. Twelve samples of commercial almond hulls were used, with one subsample representing the TAH and the other subsample hand sorted to separate the hulls (PAH) from Debris. Gas production and Ankom Daisy method were used to determine in vitro digestibility, while two rumen-fistulated cows were used to measure in sacco disappearance of PAH and TAH. For in vitro digestibility, both PAH and TAH were more digestible and had greater gas production than Debris. The PAH had greater in vitro true digestibility on a DM basis and NDF digestibility at 48 and 72 h compared with TAH. Nonpareil hulls provided greater metabolizable energy (ME) concentration when compared with other almond varieties, with PAH supplying numerically more ME than TAH for both varieties. For in sacco disappearance, PAH had greater DM and NDF disappearance along with a greater rate of disappearance for NDF compared with TAH. This research demonstrated that Debris is highly indigestible; therefore, hulling, agronomic and harvesting practices should be focused on reducing Debris in commercial almond hulls to improve their nutritive value as a feedstuff for livestock.

scholarly journals Cutting Time and Regrowth Age Affect the Quality of Elephant Grass Silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Tâmara Chagas da Silveira ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
João Paulo Santos Roseira ◽  
Wagner Sousa Alves ◽  
Albert Jose Dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Microorganism Population ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of regrowth age (RA) and cutting time (CT) of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus cv. Cameroon) on the fermentation profile, microorganism population, and nutritive value of the silage in two simultaneous trials at different sites. A 2 × 2 factorial scheme with two CTs (08:00 and 14:00) and two RAs (8 and 16 weeks) at ensilage was used in a completely randomized design, with four replicates in each trial, totaling 16 experimental units per trial. Results showed that ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen content (N-NH3/TN) ranged from 71.8 (14:00; 16 weeks) to 137.0 g kg -1 (14:00; 8 weeks). Elephant grass silage harvested at 14:00 at 8 weeks had the lowest pH (3.53) and highest lactic acid content (39.7 g kg-1 dry matter). The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was higher (P < 0.05) in the silage of plants harvested at 8 weeks than in the silage harvested at 16 weeks (59.9 vs. 46.8%, respectively). In trial 2, elephant grass silage harvested at 14:00 had lower pH and acetic acid content. The IVDMD was higher in elephant grass silage harvested at 14:00, with values of 65.3% and 56.2% at 8 and 16 weeks, respectively. We recommend elephant grass harvested at 8 weeks of regrowth and cut at 14:00 to produce silage with better nutritive value and fermentative profile.

scholarly journals Effects of additives and their levels of inclusion on nutritive value of silage made from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-362
Author(s):  
M. Baba ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
A. Kabiru ◽  
M. V ◽  
G. A. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three additives (molasses, cracked corn and corn-soybean) and inclusion levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 %) on nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennistum purpureum) silage. The experimental design was a 3×5 factorial in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated three times. Samples were obtained from Pasture Museum. Elephant grass stands at late vegetative stage were randomly selected and harvested at 7 cm stubble height. Grass was chopped into 2-3 cm length. Five hundred gram of the sample was weighed in each case; additives were added separately at the designated inclusion levels and mixed thoroughly. Materials were then tightly packed into laboratory silos compressed and sealed tightly and left for a fermentation period of 21 days. The results indicated crude protein (CP) was significantly greater (10.92%) in silage treated with corn-soybean additive compared with other additives. Crude fiber (CF) was observed to be lower in molasses treated elephant grass silage (27.74 %). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were both lower in molasses treated silage (24.76 and 43.26 % respectively). The CP was observed to increase with increased inclusion level of the additive while CF decreased. Values for digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI)as a percentage of body weight and relative feed value (RFV) were greater (P<0.05) in molasses treated silage compared to corn and corn-soybean. The DDM, DMI and RFV values were higher (P<0.05) at 7.5 and 10 % inclusion levels. Significant interactions were observed between additives and inclusion levels in most parameters measured. It was concluded that molasses additive could be used in elephant grass silage during ensiling at 7.5-10 % levels of inclusion.

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