scholarly journals Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Andrej LAVRENČIČ ◽  
Darko VETERNIK
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
True Digestibility

The nutritive value of red deer feeds is frequently determined by sheep despite the ultimate arbitrator of the nutritive value of any feed is the host animal. The objective of the trial was to determine the influence of rumen fluid donor (sheep <em>vs</em> red deer) on <em>in vitro</em> dry matter (DMD), neutral-detergent fibre (NDFD) and true digestibility (<em>iv</em>TD) of eleven substrata, naturally occurring in Slovenian forests (chestnut fruits, acorns of common and sessile oak, two fresh grasses) and those frequently used in supplemental red deer feeding (two grass hays and two grass silages, apple pomace and sugar beet roots). Only the fresh grass from Jelendol had greater (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05) DMD (646 <em>vs</em> 508 g/kg) when incubated in red deer inoculum. The NDFD and <em>iv</em>TD were always numerically greater when substrates were incubated in red deer inocula, however the NDFD and <em>iv</em>TD were significantly greater (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) only when fresh grass from Jelendol (590 <em>vs</em> 343 g/kg and 801 <em>vs</em> 681 g/kg, respectively), grass silage from Kokra (541 <em>vs</em> 359 g/kg and 742 <em>vs</em> 639 g/kg, respectively) and apple pomace (428 <em>vs</em> 328 g/kg and 704 <em>vs</em> 653 g/kg, respectively) were incubated in the inoculum prepared from red deer rumen contents. These results indicate that rumen fluid from sheep can be used to predict <em>in vitro</em> digestibility in red deer and that these parameters can be used in the formulation of deer diets.

scholarly journals Comparison of three different rumen fluid as a source of inoculum to evaluate in vitro gas production and digestibility of elephant grass-concentrate mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
H Soetanto ◽  
RM Aprilia ◽  
MS Pramita ◽  
I Banna
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

Abstract This study aimed at elucidating the use of three different rumen fluid (RF) of indigenous cattle breeds i.e. Bali, Madura and Crossbred Ongole immediately after slaughtered at abattoir to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass( EG) -concentrate mixture using a standard in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. Approximately 500 mg feed dry matter/syringe was added with 50 ml RF-buffer solution and incubated in a 39 0C water bath for 48 hours where gas production was observed at time intervals. Following termination of incubation the content was transferred into tare glass crucible to measure rumen dry matter (RDMD) and organic matter (ROMD) digestibility. The results showed that there was no significant different (P>0.05) in gas production parameters. In contrast, RDMD and ROMD differed significantly (P<0.01) among cattle breeds. RF from OCB resulted in the highest IVGP, RDMD and ROMD as compared with other RF sources. In conclusion, the use of RF from abattoir for IVGP measurement can be warranted using the same source of RF. The highest values resulted from OCB suggests that the abundance and variation in rumen microbiota may exist among cattle breeds.

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy cultivars differing in maturity

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The nutritive value of herbage is a function of the nutritive value of its component leaves and stems and their proportion in the herbage. A previous study indicated that the proportion of leaves in the herbage did not explain entirely the differences in in vitro true digestibility and NDF concentrations between early and late-maturing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars. It was therefore hypothesized that the leaves and stems of early and late-maturing cultivars differ in nutritive value. The evolution of leaf and stem nutritive value of field-grown timothy cultivars differing in maturity, and the relationships between parameters of leaf and stem nutritive value, and the leaf to weight ratio (LWR) were studied during primary growth in two experiments. On a given date, stems of early-maturing cultivars had in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall up to 61 g kg−1 DM and 71 g kg−1 DM lower that those of late-maturing cultivars, respectively. The NDF concentration of stems of early-maturing cultivars was up to 32 g kg−1 DM greater than that of late-maturing cultivars. There were no cultivar differences in leaf in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall, and NDF concentration on a given date. At a given LWR, however, the leaves and stems of early-maturing cultivars had greater in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall, and a lower NDF concentration than those of late-maturing cultivars. Our results indicate that differences in herbage nutritive value at a given stage of maturity between early- and late-maturing timothy cultivars is explained by a greater nutritive value of leaves and stems of the early-maturing cultivars. Key words: Phleum pratense L., timothy, cultivar, digestibility, cell wall, leaf, stem

scholarly journals In vitro and in sacco digestibility of almond hulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 615-621
Author(s):  
K. L. Swanson ◽  
H. M. Bill ◽  
J. Asmus ◽  
J. M. Heguy ◽  
J. G. Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
In Sacco

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the in vitro digestibility and in sacco disappearance of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in total almond hulls (TAH), pure almond hulls (PAH) or Debris. The TAH were used because there are no data on the effect of debris (non-hull material) on the nutritional value of almond hulls. Twelve samples of commercial almond hulls were used, with one subsample representing the TAH and the other subsample hand sorted to separate the hulls (PAH) from Debris. Gas production and Ankom Daisy method were used to determine in vitro digestibility, while two rumen-fistulated cows were used to measure in sacco disappearance of PAH and TAH. For in vitro digestibility, both PAH and TAH were more digestible and had greater gas production than Debris. The PAH had greater in vitro true digestibility on a DM basis and NDF digestibility at 48 and 72 h compared with TAH. Nonpareil hulls provided greater metabolizable energy (ME) concentration when compared with other almond varieties, with PAH supplying numerically more ME than TAH for both varieties. For in sacco disappearance, PAH had greater DM and NDF disappearance along with a greater rate of disappearance for NDF compared with TAH. This research demonstrated that Debris is highly indigestible; therefore, hulling, agronomic and harvesting practices should be focused on reducing Debris in commercial almond hulls to improve their nutritive value as a feedstuff for livestock.

scholarly journals In vitro rumen methane output of forb species sampled in spring and summer

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter James Purcell ◽  
Tommy M. Boland ◽  
Martin O'Brien ◽  
Pádraig O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lower Extent ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation variables and methane (CH4) output of a range of common forb species sampled in spring and summer, and grass silage (14 treatments in total), were determined in this study. Dried, milled herbage samples were incubated in an in vitro rumen batch culture with rumen microbial inoculum (rumen fluid) and buffered mineral solution (artificial saliva) at 39 °C for 24 hours. All herbage chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation variables were affected (p<0.001) by treatment. Rumex obtusifolius (in spring and summer), Urtica dioica (summer) and Senecio jacobaea (summer) had lower (p<0.05) CH4 outputs relative to feed dry matter incubated compared with grass silage, reflecting their lower extent of in vitro rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Cutting Time and Regrowth Age Affect the Quality of Elephant Grass Silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Tâmara Chagas da Silveira ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
João Paulo Santos Roseira ◽  
Wagner Sousa Alves ◽  
Albert Jose Dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Microorganism Population ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of regrowth age (RA) and cutting time (CT) of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus cv. Cameroon) on the fermentation profile, microorganism population, and nutritive value of the silage in two simultaneous trials at different sites. A 2 × 2 factorial scheme with two CTs (08:00 and 14:00) and two RAs (8 and 16 weeks) at ensilage was used in a completely randomized design, with four replicates in each trial, totaling 16 experimental units per trial. Results showed that ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen content (N-NH3/TN) ranged from 71.8 (14:00; 16 weeks) to 137.0 g kg -1 (14:00; 8 weeks). Elephant grass silage harvested at 14:00 at 8 weeks had the lowest pH (3.53) and highest lactic acid content (39.7 g kg-1 dry matter). The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was higher (P < 0.05) in the silage of plants harvested at 8 weeks than in the silage harvested at 16 weeks (59.9 vs. 46.8%, respectively). In trial 2, elephant grass silage harvested at 14:00 had lower pH and acetic acid content. The IVDMD was higher in elephant grass silage harvested at 14:00, with values of 65.3% and 56.2% at 8 and 16 weeks, respectively. We recommend elephant grass harvested at 8 weeks of regrowth and cut at 14:00 to produce silage with better nutritive value and fermentative profile.

Comparison of alfalfa and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) silages supplemented with barley grain on performance of growing steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
M. S. Zaman ◽  
W. G. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

To compare nutritive value of alfalfa and fenugreek silages for weaned back-grounding feedlot steers, isonitrogenous diets of alfalfa or fenugreek silage, supplemented with three levels of steam-rolled barley (0, 15 and 30% DM) were fed ad libitum to 60 steers (initial weight of 237 ± 18 kg). The study was conducted in individual pens for 105 d using a 2 × 3 factorial experiment. Fenugreek was cut 17 wk after seeding while the alfalfa was cut at mid-bloom. Both fenugreek and alfalfa silages were prepared in plastic tube silos after wilting to 38 and 35% DM, respectively. After ensiling for 40 d, silage tubes were opened and a feeding trial was conducted. Alfalfa and fenugreek silage contained similar levels of CP (18.0 and 17.2%, respectively) while fenugreek silage contained a lower level of NDF (38.2%) than alfalfa silage (40.4%). Dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of steers increased (P < 0.001) and feed efficiency (FE) improved linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing grain level in the diet. Dry matter intake (6.4 vs. 6.2 kg d−1), ADG (0.82 vs. 0.84 kg d−1), FE (8.1 vs. 7.8), total rumen volatile fatty acids (103.4 vs. 105.3 mM), rumen fluid pH (6.9 vs. 6.9) and rumen ammonia concentration (9.6 vs. 10.4 mg dL−1) in steers were similar for both alfalfa- and fenugreek-silage-based diets, respectively. Although in vitro rate of gas production was different at 12.6 and 17.4% h−1 for alfalfa and fenugreek diets, respectively, potential gas production at the end of 72 h of fermentation was similar (21.6 vs. 22.3 mL 100 mg−1 DM). The presence of steroidal saponins in fenugreek plants did not affect steer performance or hormonal status when fed as silage. Results from this study indicate that the nutritive value of fenugreek silage is comparable to that of mid-bloom alfalfa silage, and that fenugreek, a high-DM yielding annual legume, has potential to be a valuable forage in feedlot diets. Key words: Alfalfa silage, fenugreek silage, annual legume, feedlot, steer, barley

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SEDGE AND KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS HAYS GROWN IN ALBERTA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
L. W. McELROY
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Oat Straw

The nutritive values of sedge and Kentucky bluegrass hays grown in a partially drained lake bottom in central Alberta were assessed in the laboratory and compared with those of brome–fescue hay and oat straw. The extent and rate of in vitro digestion for each forage with rumen fluid from cows fed either sedge, Kentucky bluegrass or brome–fescue were measured using a two-stage technique. The forages were analyzed for proximate components and minerals, and the rumen fluid for trichloroacetic acid-insoluble nitrogen (TCA-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The effects of sulphur and phosphorus supplementation on the in vitro digestion of purified cellulose in the presence of aqueous extracts of sedge, Kentucky bluegrass and brome–fescue were also determined. In vitro dry matter and cellulose digestibilities were highest for brome–fescue and lowest for oat straw; DMD values for Kentucky bluegrass were consistently higher (P > 0.05) than for sedge. Phosphorus supplementation did not enhance cellulose digestion with brome–fescue extract, but with sedge and Kentucky bluegrass extracts, the responses were significant. Ruminal TCA-N and VFA concentrations were highest after feeding brome–fescue, followed by Kentucky bluegrass and then sedge. These studies indicated that the nutritive value of brome–fescue hay was highest, followed by Kentucky bluegrass and sedge hays, and then oat straw.

The feeding of treated straw and grass silage in combination to growing beef cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
S. H. Raza
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Nutritional Improvement ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Inclusion Level

Straw (barley or wheat) is an important component of the diet of ruminants in developing countries but straw has a poor nutritive value due to the extensive lignification. The nutritive value of straw can be improved by several types of treatment (chemical, physical etc.). A number of workers have investigated different techniques of chemical treatment to improve the nutritional value and dry matter intake of straw (e.g. Homb, 1984, Rexan and Knudsen, 1984). Most of the workers have studied the nutritional improvement of treated straw in vitro but relatively few have investigated the potential of this feed, of improved nutritional value and high pH as a complement and buffer to acidic grass silage.This study was planned to investigate the optimum dietary inclusion level of alkali (NaOH) treated straw without affecting adversely animal performance and the economics of feeding.

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

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