Body chemical composition of churra lambs at 20kg live-weigth: effect of level of milk-intake and Protein content in the post-weaning diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
T. Manso ◽  
A.R. Mantecó ◽  
T. Castro ◽  
P. Lavin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Composition Changes

Body composition changes in animals undergoing compensatory growth and these response vary with the age or stage of maturity at which the restriction is applied and with the undegradable protein in the diet during post-restriction period (O'Donovan, 1984; Ryan, 1990).This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of level of intake during milk-fed period and the energy/protein relationship during post-weaning period on changes in carcass, non-carcass and empty body weigth (EBW) components in lambs slaughtered at 20 Kg live weigth (LW).A total of 16 lambs of Churra breed were used in a comparative slaughter experiment to determinate the effect of level of intake during milk-fed period (4 weeks) and the protein supplement in the diet during post-weaning period on chemical body composition at 20 Kg LWThe lambs were assigned to a 2×2×4 factorial design, defined by 2 levels of milk intake (High: 1.5 MJ GE/Kg LW°75/day and Low: 0.9 MJ GE/kg LW°75/day) during milk-fed period, 2 post-weaning concentrate supplements (HP: barley grain plus 200g/kg fish meal and LP: barley) and 4 lambs per treatment.All lambs were individually penned. During post-weaning period low quality hay and concentrate were independently offered ad libitum. Intake and LW were recorded daily and three times a week respectively. At slaughter (20Kg LW), EBW was estimated and carcass and non-carcass chemical composition (water, fat, ash and protein) and energy content was measured.

The use of fish meal and monensin as supplements to grass silage and their effect on body composition changes in steers from 5 months of age to slaughter

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
R. D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Composition Changes

AbstractFish meal and monensin, as supplements to grass silage, were offered either separately or together to Friesian steers from 5 to 9 months of age (period 1). At 9 months, six steers from each of the supplemented treatments were slaughtered to determine body composition. Of the remaining steers, from 9 months of age to slaughter at 490 kg live weight (LW) (period 2), six continued on each of the same treatments, whilst six received silage unsupplemented. A further group of six steers which had received fish meal and monensin during period 1, received monensin only as a supplement to their silage.During period 1 fish-meal supplementation increased LW, empty body and carcass weight gains, and tissues gains, while monensin had no apparent effect. During period 2, continued supplementation with both fish meal and monensin significantly increased LW, empty body and carcass gains compared with the continuously unsupplemented steers, whilst fish meal and monensin separately produced intermediate increased gains. All three supplement regimes significantly reduced the time taken to reach slaughter.The only significant effect on body composition was that steers receiving fish meal and monensin had a higher crude protein concentration in the empty body than those receiving only fish meal as a supplement. They also had the highest crude protein concentration in the carcass, although this was not significant. Steers which had their supplements withdrawn after 9 months of age generally maintained gains intermediate between those continuing to receive supplements and those steers unsupplemented throughout. Only those not continuing to receive fish meal and monensin together appeared to perform appreciably worse. Nevertheless, although time taken to reach slaughter from 4 months of age varied by as much as 96 days, there were no other significant differences in body or carcass composition, hi terms of cost effectiveness, use of monensin showed distinct advantages over fish meal.

ESTIMATING BODY COMPOSITION OF LAMBS USING BOMB CALORIMETRY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. DEGEN ◽  
M. KAM ◽  
R. W. BENJAMIN ◽  
R. KÖNIG ◽  
K. BECKER
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Total Energy Content ◽  
Body Energy

Chemical composition and body energy content of animals are important measurements in studies of animal production. However, determinations of fat and protein contents are laborious and time consuming. In this study, we describe a method in which fat and protein contents can be estimated in lambs by measuring ash contents and energy yields of samples. Errors in estimating total energy content of a sample were within 1.22%. With certain modifications, this method should be applicable to all animals. Key words: Body composition, bomb calorimetry, body energy content, fat, protein, ash

Prediction of the body composition of lambs from the composition of their non-carcass components

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Whole Body

AbstractInformation on the chemical composition of Suffolk × Blackface lambs was collected and used to predict empty body (EB) component weights from empty body weight (EBW) and non-carcass (NC) component weights. EBW accounted proportionately for 0·94, 0·89 and 0·95 of the variation in EB crude protein, fat and energy content. A combination of NC component weights accounted proportionately for 0·94, 0·95 and 0·96 of the variation in EB crude protein, fat and energy content. EBW and a combination of NC component weights together accounted proportionately for 0·97, 0·97 and 0·98 of the variation in EB crude protein, fat and energy content. Chemical analysis of NC components is cheaper and easier than whole body analysis and provides a viable alternative to sample joint or specific gravity analysis.

Body composition changes in cattle during compensatory growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
I.A. Wright ◽  
A.J.F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Composition Changes

It is well known that cattle can exhibit compensatory growth following a period of food restriction. The cause of the phenomenon has been attributed to reduced maintenance requirements, increased food intake and changes in the composition of the tissue gained. It is not clear whether changes in the composition of tissue gained occur independently of the other possible causative factors.

Body composition of young sheep and goats determined by the tritium dilution technique

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Benjamin ◽  
R. Koenig ◽  
K. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Similar Body

SUMMARYTen young crossbred Finnish Landrace sheep and eleven young crossbred Damascus goats with liveweights ranging from 14 to 50 kg and of different ages and body condition, were used to develop equations to predict the body composition (chemical) in the intact body and dressed carcass of young sheep and goats. After injection with tritiated water, the animals were slaughtered and their carcasses partitioned into anatomical body components which were each analysed for chemical composition (water, fat, protein, ash) and energy content. From these components, the energy content and chemical composition of the intact bodies were calculated by summation. Apart from organ and gut fat, the two species had a similar body component composition. Goat intact bodies were more hydrated and had less fat, but were similar to sheep in protein and ash content. The energy concentration in their body components was also similar, but goats had a lower energy concentration in their intact bodies. Total body water, energy content and dressed carcass were predicted accurately by the derived equations, but fat, protein and ash were predicted with less precision.

Compensatory growth and body composition changes in grazing steers following silage feeding without or with a supplement of fish meal and monensin

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
R. D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Water Contents

ABSTRACTThe effects of fish meal and monensin supplementation of silage on the growth and composition Friesian steers was examined in winter and subsequently during grazing. Four-month-old steers were given grass silage ad libitum, alone (U) or mixed with fish meal and monensin at 100 and 0·005 g/ dry matter (DM) of silage (S) for 17 weeks. Empty body weight (EBW) and carcass weight (CW) gains were significantly increased by supplementation (810 v. 495, and 553 v. 332 g/day, respectively). Although treatment S steers were heavier, their composition at turn-out was similar to that of the treatment U animals: mean fat, crude protein (CP), water, ash and energy contents were 121, 187, 640, 51 g/kg and 9·10MJ/kg EBW, respectively. During the following 20 weeks, six animals from each treatment grazed a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward unsupplemented (UU and SU), supplemented with a fish meal/maize/molassine meal (50:35: 15) pelleted diet and monensin at 4 g/kg live weight (LW) per day and 0·1 mg/kg LW per day, respectively, (UMF and SMF). A further group of six steers from treatment S received the pelleted diet without monensin during grazing (SF). Steers from treatment U showed significant compensation in EBW and in carcass growth at pasture, irrespective of whether they received a supplement, which led to a marked reduction of the differences in EBW and CW by final slaughter. Composition at final slaughter showed no significant effect winter nutrition, with the exception of fat content (g/kg EBW), which was significantly lower animals from treatment SU. Steers from treatments UMF and SMF had slightly higher rates of fat, CP, water and energy deposition, which resulted in higher fat and lower water contents (g/kg EBW) than those from treatments UU and SU, although these differences were not significant. Steers on treatment SF had gains and final compositions intermediate between those on treatments SU and SMF. Supplementation was cost effective in winter, but marginal in summer.

Growth and development in beef cattle. 2. Direct and residual effects of plane of nutrition during early life on the chemical composition of body components

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Patterson ◽  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Residual Period

SUMMARYLow, medium and high planes of nutrition were imposed on Friesian calves from 1 to 13 weeks of age (Period 1) and factorially arranged with low and high planes of nutrition in the 13–25 week period (Period 2). In the final (residual) period, from 25 weeks to slaughter, all animals were given the same high plane diet. The different planes of nutrition were achieved by offering restricted allowances of milk replacer or concentrates with roughage ad libitum. The roughage was grass hay during the milkfeeding period and grass silage thereafter. Representative animals were slaughtered at 1, 13 and 25 weeks of age while the remaining animals were slaughtered at mean liveweights of 503 and 553 kg. The ME intake of the low plane animals in Period 1 was 0·55 that of the high plane animals and produced daily accretions of protein, fat and energy in empty body which were respectively 0·43, 0·29 and 0·36 of the gains of the high plane animals. The ME intake of the low plane in Period 2 was 0·69 of the high plane and daily accretions of protein, fat and energy in empty body were 0·46, 0·59 and 0·54 of the gains of the high plane animals.Within Period 2 compensatory protein growth was observed in both carcass and non-carcass components in response to nutritional restriction in Period 1. Compensatory protein growth was also obtained in the carcass component in the residual period as an indirect effect of nutritional restriction in Period 2.Nutritional restriction in early life produced relatively small non-significant direct effects on body and carcass composition and while early restriction subsequent produced a considerable degree of compensatory growth, there were no significant differences in carcass measurements or chemical composition of the carcass by the final slaughter weight.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CARCASS SPECIFIC GRAVITY IN CATTLE: EFFECT OF LEVEL OF ENERGY INTAKE AND INFLUENCE OF BREED AND SEX

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. T. REID ◽  
S. SIMPFENDORFER ◽  
H. J. AYALA ◽  
R. ANRIQUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Ad Libitum

Regression equations to predict the chemical composition of the carcass and empty body from carcass specific gravity were computed for Holstein and Angus cattle fed at two levels of energy (ad libitum or 65–70% of ad libitum). One hundred and forty-one Holstein and Angus bulls, steers and heifers were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 120 to 706 kg and at ages varying from 200 to 650 days. The specific gravity of the right side of the carcass and the chemical composition of the carcass and the empty body were determined. The linearities of the relationships between chemical composition and specific gravity were examined. Sex and breed did not influence (P > 0.05) the relationships between the water, ether extract and energy content of the carcass or empty body and specific gravity whereas the level of energy intake was found to have an effect (P < 0.01). The relationships between the percentage of empty body protein and specific gravity was influenced (P < 0.01) by sex and breed but was not altered (P > 0.05) by the level of energy intake. Relationships between composition and specific gravity were computed using animals containing a minimum of 12% ether extract in the carcass. However, the removal of the leaner animals did not markedly improve (in terms of residual standard error) the precision of prediction of carcass and empty body composition from specific gravity. It was suggested that carcass specific gravity be used to estimate the carcass and empty body composition of groups of animals rather than of individual animals.

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