Inter-laboratory variation in feedstuff evaluation of two contrasting maize silage samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
D.E. Beever ◽  
S.B. Cammell ◽  
S. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Apparent Variation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk

The importance of feedstuff evaluation as part of ration formulation is recognised by UK farmers, with the number of silage samples analysed increasing annually. These can be undertaken by the UK advisory services or feed companies, with several commercial laboratories offering similar services. However, as discussed by Beever [1993], there is concern over the authenticity of some estimates of feeding value, in relation to the analytical techniques used, the lack of agreed standardised procedures, and the apparent variation in results which exists between laboratories. This study examined the extent of this variation when 2 maize silage samples were independently analysed by 9 different laboratories, and compared laboratory based estimates of metabolisable energy [ME] contents with those derived by feeding the same diets to lactating cows.

Inter-laboratory variation in feedstuff evaluation of two contrasting maize silage samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 232-232
Author(s):  
D.E. Beever ◽  
S.B. Cammell ◽  
S. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Apparent Variation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk

The importance of feedstuff evaluation as part of ration formulation is recognised by UK farmers, with the number of silage samples analysed increasing annually. These can be undertaken by the UK advisory services or feed companies, with several commercial laboratories offering similar services. However, as discussed by Beever [1993], there is concern over the authenticity of some estimates of feeding value, in relation to the analytical techniques used, the lack of agreed standardised procedures, and the apparent variation in results which exists between laboratories. This study examined the extent of this variation when 2 maize silage samples were independently analysed by 9 different laboratories, and compared laboratory based estimates of metabolisable energy [ME] contents with those derived by feeding the same diets to lactating cows.

The feeding value of normal and brown midrib-3 maize silage

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Weller ◽  
R. H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value

SUMMARYNormal and brown midrib-3 (bm3) maize silages were fed to sheep, lactating cows and dairy calves to determine the effect of the bm3 gene on in vivo digestibility, dry-matter intake and animal performance.In two trials wether sheep were fed either normal or bm3 maize silage at maintenance level. In the first experiment the bm3 gene significantly increased the digestibility of the organic matter(OM), cell wall constituents (CWC), acid-detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose from 76·9, 74·7, 67·3, 74·2 and 79·5% to 79·6, 79·2, 75·8, 80·8 and 81·5%. In the second experiment the gene increased the digestibility of the OM, CWC, ADF and cellulose from 65·9, 44·7, 28·5 and 38·7% to 701, 59·3, 560 and 66·1, 39·1,32·8, 40·4 and 45·5% to 68·1, 51·9, 53·7, 58·0 and 49·2%. The digestibility of the protein was similar for both diets.In a feeding trial 6-month-old calves were fed either normal or bm3 silage ad libitum together with 1·6 kg D.M. of a protein supplement. The dry-matter intake of the two silages was similar; however, the daily live-weight gain of 0·92 kg for calves fed the bm3 diet was significantly higher than the 0·83 kg for calves fed the normal diet.

The effect of metabolisable protein supply at constant energy intake on the liveweight gain of bovines

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
P N Johnson ◽  
E R Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Degradable Protein

The metabolisable protein (MP) system (AFRC, 1992), adopted as the official method of describing the protein requirements of ruminants in the UK, introduces the concepts of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), digestible undegradable protein (DUP) and fermentable metabolisable energy (FME). For effective protein rationing, the aim is to match the supply of FME and ERDP, and to supply further protein requirements as DUP. This should lead to a better balance of energy and protein to meet the requirements of the animal. Diets are likely to have lower total protein contents than those presently available, leading to reductions in diet costs and nitrogen (N) excretion. The MP system was constructed primarily on a theoretical basis and this experiment was an initial step in validating it for beef cattle.

Rumen digestibility in dairy cows of starch in near-isogenic lines of wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
P.C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Agronomic Conditions

Wheat is a good source of carbohydrates for ruminants, and recent low prices in the UK suggest that usage is likely to increase. However, there is a shortage of information on the digestibility of wheat in the rumen. Such information is vital for predicting the relative value of wheat as a source of fermentable metabolisable energy or by-pass starch. Digestibility is likely to be affected by growing conditions and genetics. Genetic differences are found between wheat varieties, but comparisons of named varieties yield limited information because many characteristics vary simultaneously. This problem can be overcome by using near-isogenic lines of wheat that vary only in a limited number of known characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the rumen digestion characteristics of different near-isogenic wheat lines grown under the same agronomic conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Faecal versus Rumen Inocula for the Estimation of NDF Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chiaravalli ◽  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Andrea Rota Graziosi ◽  
Gianluca Galassi ◽  
Gianni Matteo Crovetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Mean

Cow faeces have been investigated as alternative inoculum to replace rumen fluid to determine neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (NDFD). Aims of this study were to estimate: (1) the NDFD (48 h) of feed ingredients using a rumen inoculum in comparison with faecal inocula from cows fed diets with different forage basis; (2) the undigestible NDF (uNDF) at 240 and 360 h with ruminal fluid and faecal inocula from lactating cows fed two different diets. At 48 h incubation, the NDFD was affected both by feed and type of inoculum (p < 0.01) and by their interaction (p = 0.03). Overall, the mean NDFD was higher for rumen inoculum than for faecal inocula (585 vs. 389 g/kg NDF, p < 0.05), and faecal inoculum obtained from cows fed hay-based diets gave lower NDFD than those from cows fed maize silage (367 vs. 440 g/kg, p < 0.05). At long incubation times, the average uNDF was affected by substrate, inoculum and incubation time (p < 0.01), but not by their interactions. For each inoculum, significantly lower values were obtained at 360 than at 240 h. Regressions between uNDF with rumen and with the tested faecal inocula resulted in r2 ≥ 0.98. Despite the differences at 48 h, the uNDF showed that faecal inoculum could replace rumen fluid at longer incubation times.

Energy and protein value of combinations of maize silage and red clover hay for ruminants, using adult sheep as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan ◽  
JB Moran ◽  
FB Spence
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Content ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Carbon Balances

Four combinations of maize silage and artificially dried red clover were fed consecutively to adult wether sheep ad libitum and at a level designed to maintain liveweight. On a dry matter (DM) basis, the diets contained silage and clover at ratios 1 :0, 2: 1, 1:2, and 0:1. A fifth diet contained maize silage plus urea (as 1% of the silage DM). Energy, nitrogen (N), and carbon balances were measured at both feeding levels and while fasting. The maize silage contained 11 g N and 41 1 g cell wall organic matter/kg DM; corresponding values for red clover hay were 37 and 290 g. Energy and protein metabolisms were monitored on the 5 diets and were related to dietary N content. Feed intake and digestibility increased with the proportion of clover in the diet and, hence, with increasing dietary N content. Energy losses from methane and heat production did not differ among diets, whereas urine energy losses were smallest, and therefore, efficiencies of utilisation of metabolisable energy (ME) greatest, on the silage-only and silage + urea diets. Greater urinary N losses on the diets of 1 : 2 silage: clover and clover-only led to lower N balances at the same apparently digested N intake on these 2 diets. There were positive associative effects between the silage and clover for voluntary feed consumption; digestibilities of energy, N, and cell wall organic matter; and energy and N balances. A ratio of ME to digestible energy of 0.81 underestimated the content of ME in silage by 0.5 MJ/kg DM, yet overestimated it in clover by 0.4 MJ/kg DM. The ME value of the silage + urea diet (11.6 MJ/kg DM) was one of the highest reported in sheep for maize silage using indirect calorimetry.

scholarly journals What is dietary metabolisable energy?

2007 ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Waghorn
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Metabolisable energy (ME) is frequently used as the sole indicator of forage quality by researchers, rural professionals and farmers, but it is hardly ever measured and is not always a good predictor of feeding value. Forage ME is usually calculated from chemical composition and digestibility, often by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Although ME is superior to dry matter (DM) as a measure of feeding value and can indicate forage quality, it should not be used to predict animal production. The ME content of DM may imply a potential for production, but other components of the diet, especially protein, structural fibre and feed availability will provide more information than ME alone. Researchers, rural professionals and farmers should understand the basis for measuring ME, exercise discretion when using ME, and include fibre and protein concentrations in their criteria for feed appraisal. Keywords: metabolisable energy, forage quality, feeding value

scholarly journals A Study of Branding Issues in PC World UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mansoor Nazir Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Product Line ◽  
Good Work ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Potential Customers

This report is basically focused on the internet services and all the issues related to online services of the PC World. The report started with the basic introduction of the PC World, it includes how the PC World started the business in the UK and what are its key services and product line. PC World is doing a business of retailing which is the services sector and provide advisory services as well for the potential customers. Then the next step is branding issues, in this section it has been viewed that how the PC World continuously and with consistency remain in the market with stronger brand name in the mind of the customer and then the extent of online segmentation has been discussed in which it has been analyzed that the PC World is well aware of the segmentation and done a good work in respect of segmentation. The next issue is the transactional facilities and then the degree of online and offline integration, how these two factors relates to each other and in the end there are some recommendation and suggestions for the PC World for better competes in the highly competitive market. 

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