IX.—The Intellectual Resemblance of Twins

1934 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 105-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Herrman ◽  
Lancelot Hogben
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Family Influences ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
The One

The characteristics of social behaviour in man are conditioned by previous experience. What is observed is the product on the one hand of a certain genetic constitution and on the other of an intricate, prolonged, and at present largely obscure, process of training and physical environment, including both the environment of the fœtus and family influences, social and physical. The experimental methods for detecting differences due to single gene substitutions cannot be applied directly. Indeed, we can see no immediate prospect of applying to social behaviour methods of genetic analysis such as have led to the mapping of the chromosomes in animals and in plants. With methods available at present, genetic inquiry can undertake to detect whether any gene differences are associated with observed differences, and whether such gene differences are recognisable throughout a comparatively wide or narrow range of social and physical environment.

The Resemblance of Twins with Regard to Perseveration

1935 ◽  
Vol 81 (334) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Pratt Yule
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
The One

The social behaviour which is the material of psychological observation at any given time is the product of a certain genetic constitution on the one hand, and of a complex process of social, educational, familial and, to some extent, uterine environment on the other. The social behaviour of human beings cannot be subjected to direct methods of genetic analysis. The genetic psychologist may be compared to the astronomer, in so far as he has to rely on Nature to perform the experiments which he himself is unable to undertake. To the category of such experiments belongs the phenomenon of twin production. In the production of monozygotic twins Nature provides us with individuals of the same genetic constitution. Such differences as they exhibit arise uniquely from the operation of differences in the environment in which they are placed. In ordinary circumstances they share many more features of environment than any other two individuals selected at random from the population. When reared together, the extent of their dissimilarity can only throw light on such differences of nurture as may operate on members of the same family unit and of the same age. If they are reared apart, the measure of resemblance exhibited by monozygotic twins may throw light on the influence of social environment in a less restricted sense. With a sufficiently large sample of twins reared apart, a satisfactory standard of comparison for assessing the extent of resemblance due to genetic constitution, plus the effects of a common uterine environment, would be provided by the degree of resemblance existing between their foster sibs in families into which they have been adopted. Such data cannot be collected easily. As yet they do not exist in sufficient quantity to yield satisfactory conclusions.

scholarly journals Epigenetics, education, and the plastic body: Changing concepts and new engagements

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Pickersgill
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plastic Body ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
Epigenetic Processes ◽  
Do So

Epigenetic processes, and the investigative practices that take these as their focus, are of increasing interest to a range of professionals beyond biomedicine. This has been piqued by, especially, the belief that bioscientific research is demonstrating new molecular mechanisms through which the social and physical environment impact upon the bodies of humans and other animals. Beyond the laboratory, epigenetic notions are entangled with wider ideas about the malleability of the soma (e.g., relating to neuroscience). In many contexts (including, to an extent, education), this intertwinement has contributed to producing and valourising a conception of a particularly plastic body. In this paper, I draw on a range of biomedical and education-related texts in order to outline and reflect upon the notions of ‘education’ and ‘epigenetics’ that are supported through and propelled by an array of writings that, to greater or lesser extents, bring these spheres of praxis into conversation. Discussions of epigenetics and stress, for instance, are framing certain kinds of educational work (e.g., with new parents) as a means of intervening in soma and society. In so doing, they implicitly extend ideas about what education is and what it can do. On the other hand, writings from educational researchers, for example, are enrolling epigenetic findings and ideas to support various positions or approaches. Many education researchers will be sceptical of some of the more hyperbolic assertations made about the significance of epigenetics. However, the fact that a nascent discourse connecting education and epigenetics is emerging is suggestive of a need for reciprocal, thoughtful, and critical exchange with bioscientists who seek to address educational issues, or whose work is being enrolled by others to do so.

Sanctities, Blasphemies and the (Jewish) Nation

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Chaim Noy
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Robert Bellah ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The One ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

In this article I rematerialize discourse that is articulated in the shape of commemorative visitor book entries, in a national-military commemoration site in Jerusalem, Israel. The materiality and communicative affordances of the commemorative visitor book, the physical environment in which it is situated and which grants it meaning, and the modes of interaction and inscription that it affords are examined. Located in a densely symbolic national commemoration site, the impressively looking book does not merely capture visitors' reflections. Instead, it serves as a device that allows participation in a collective-national rite. While seemingly designated as a visitor book, the discursive device functions performatively as a portal or interface between visitors, on the one side, and the nation and the dead and living soldieries, on the other side. Expectedly, the inscriptions that populate the book's pages are instances of iconic discourse (texts with graphic additions of sorts), that embody one of the heightened ideological and experiential moments of "civil religion" (Robert Bellah). They illustrate the resources used by nationalism in establishing sacred contexts and rituals. Also, they illustrate how different discourses of sanctity (and profanity), are juxtaposed on the same (Jewish) space. Specifically, while local Israeli sightseers present their appreciation for and participation in commemoration of the nation-state in terms of "civil religion," most of the international tourists, who are mostly north American Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox Jews, perform their notions of sanctity and sacredness in messianic and primordial terms, which look through or beyond the nation state.

scholarly journals “LIKE YOU, I WANT TO FEEL EXCITEMENT AND HOPE ABOUT OUR CITY”: ‘CHRISTCHURCH THE CITY’ IN CAMPAIGN MATERIAL OF THE 2013 CHRISTCHURCH CITY COUNCIL ELECTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
City Space ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Disaster

The Christchurch City Council election of 2013 provides a compelling case study through which to consider the interaction between politics and city space. On the one hand, through the careful placement of campaign posters, politics encroached on the physical terrain of the city. On the other hand, candidates included in their campaign material multitudinous references to ‘Christchurch the city,’ demonstrating the extent to which the physical environment of the post-disaster city had become central to local politics.

Gardzienice: a Village, a Theatre, and a Cultural Crossroads

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Paul Allain
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

Appropriately, this feature on the Polish theatre group Gardzienice is something of a cultural mix, in which the impressions of an English visitor may be contrasted with the voice of a Polish admirer – and the beliefs of the group itself, expressed in the words of its director, Wlodzimierz Staniewski. In the winter of 1989–90, Paul Allain, a graduate student at Goldsmiths' College, University of London, visited the company at its ‘headquarters’ – which is also, in effect, the small and remote Polish village from which Gardzienice takes its name. This was at a time when the new. Solidarity-led government had yet to be fully felt. Here, Allain describes the training methods and disciplines of the company which, within the context of its physical environment, have come to constitute a lifestyle as much as an approach to theatre. Janusz Majcherek writes rather of the significance of Gardzienice in relation to the ancient and fundamental need for a homeland – a need which, in Staniewski's writings, is related to the company's own hopes and plans. All this material was in our hands well before the upsurge in nationalist feeling which has succeeded the political changes in eastern Europe: and it may be felt to reflect ironically upon alternative ways of ‘returning home’ – on the one hand through the actuality or threat of civil war and the struggle for an elusive slice of the ‘free market’, on the other in that quest for a lost history and inheritance, for healing connections with one's environment, which is reflected theatrically in the work of Gardzienice.

scholarly journals Identification of wavelengths from the visible spectrum by means of Arduino for the generation of a knowledge base managed by PROLOG

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02048
Author(s):  
Pinedo Arriaga O. Ts’zul ◽  
Pinedo Arraiga Carlos D. ◽  
Herrera Alvarado Eduardo ◽  
Tinoco Varela David
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
The One

PROLOG is a programming language widely used in the generation of expert and intelligent systems, generally limited to data that is entered directly by a user in the form of software, having little or no interaction with data that is captured directly from a physical environment. This paper presents an implementation of an interface that detects the wavelengths of the visible spectrum, that is, identifies colors, colors that are stored in a knowledge base and then managed by PROLOG. This interface consists of two parts, software and hardware. The hardware is designed by means of the Arduino UNO development board, where a TCS3200 sensor is used. For the development of the software, two tools have been used, on the one hand, the standard programming of the Arduino IDE terminal has been used to manage the inputs and outputs of the Arduino board, and on the other hand, a data management system has been generated, in which PROLOG manages all the data obtained from hardware. This scheme seeks to generate color classifications in a dynamic and intelligent way in the future. The proposed system has the advantage that it is highly economical, easy to perform, uses the logical paradigm of programming, and opens the way to the design of intelligent systems managed by PROLOG from a monitoring of physical variables.

scholarly journals Når museer prioriterer sociale medier. En undersøgelse af 22 danske museers brug af sociale medier

1970 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Sigurd Trolle Gronemann
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Science Museums ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Media Communication

Although the use of social media can be regarded as an everyday practice in many museums by now, several studies suggest that museums take monologic communication approaches in their social media communication. This study analyses 22 Danish natural science museums’ use of social media during one month in 2013. The findings confirm that the use of social media on museums’ own websites is generic in nature, not integrated with content, and monologic in form. Conversely, many museums deliver just the opposite mode of communication on Facebook where they initiate a broad range of dialogic genres featuring intense publication activities and high rates of response. The article discusses how the identified trends on the one hand emphasise that many museums have embraced a deportalised communications approach, while the trends on the other hand still demonstrate a very narrow range of web services beyond Facebook.

scholarly journals The Instagram Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alim Tharani
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Human Need ◽  
The One ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Throughout this paper, I analyze the deterministic aspects of Instagram and how those aspects affect agency. The meaning of Instagram is dependent on the creators of the app themselves. By placing Instagram on a spectrum, on the one hand, the reader can see that this app is a tool that can stratify the human need for social communication; on the other hand, it can see how its deterministic abilities affect both our mental and physical health. This shows through the relationships users build through the screen which are in-genuine relationships, ones that can lead to a loss of individual agency and freedom. The deterministic aspects of Instagram are further reinforced through the idea of techno-social engineering where it can be shown how social media applications can change the behaviour and feelings of their users simply through the posts they are exposed to. Lastly, the device paradigm in relation to Instagram as a deterministic tool showcases how the backgrounds and contexts of devices are becoming increasingly concealed and separated from our daily life. This results in a deterioration of genuine interactions within the physical environment and further reinforces the existence of the app that is constructed based on the creators and what they would like to accomplices. As a result, Instagram is a deterministic tool that is detrimental to our individual agency. 

Animal genetic resources — the perspective for developing countries

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
The One

AbstractIn developed and developing countries livestock are very important contributors to total agricultural output. Many breeds of different species have become either extinct or nearly so. With the spread of more advanced agricultural systems to many parts of the world, specialized strains of livestock, from a greatly reduced number of breeds within a species, have been bred for specific, but widely different, environmental conditions. This has led to a dilemma in the context of the balance to be effected between conservation of the present variety of genetic resources on the one hand and the need to concentrate increasingly on a narrow range of genotypes in the interests of improved efficiency on the other hand. The paper addresses this dilemma and discusses the FAO-instigated global programme—Animal Genetic Resources — which was designed to monitor changes in animal genetic resources on a global scale with the development of legal and regulatory instruments where necessary.

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