Some Social Problems in Modern Navigation Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
V. David Hopkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

A navigation system is not normally changed for social reasons. When changes are made, they are intended to meet new or more stringent requirements, to utilize technological advances, to increase efficiency, to improve safety, or to extend the functions which can be fulfilled. Innovations are evaluated according to their technical feasibility and cost. Not only have social factors failed to influence the nature of changes, but the social implications of changes have also been ignored. Yet greater benefit would often accrue from changes if their social effects were predicted and allowed for. Such predictions are usually feasible.Social problems in navigation systems are gradually becoming more severe. In the past, man could often compensate for their effects because his role remained sufficiently dominant for him to be innovative and flexible in resolving difficulties, and he retained a full understanding of the system and control over it. More recent aids tend to curtail human communication, restrict the nature of teamwork, and reduce the social aspects of such functions as consultation, supervision, and verification. Man-machine relationships are emphasized, instead of relationships between people. Each man tends to be more remote from his colleagues, and to know less about what they are doing. These effects are generally incidental rather than the reflection of a deliberate policy.

scholarly journals Malaysia’s Vision 2020 and the Role of leadership in Economic Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Safy Mahmoud ◽  
Hoda Mitkees
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

Malaysia has adopted several developmental plans since 1969 starting with the New Economic Policy (NEP), passing by the National Development Plan (NDP) and ending with the Vision 2020 adopted in 1991 under the rule of Mahathir Mohammed (1981-2003), whereby Malaysia has aimed to become a developed country by 2020. Looking for the future, Malaysia 2020 should build upon the older developmental plans; however there are some new elements that need to be considered if Malaysia is to continue on its successful developmental path. This paper aims at focusing on the issues that still need to be considered in Vision 2020 from an outsider point of view. This paper addresses the questions of what Malaysia’s economic plans adopted in the past which were able to achieve high economic growth rates while preserving at the same time the social aspects. And the paper focuses on trade policy in Malaysia under Mahathir rule, identifying how was it shaped and how likely it will continue in 2020. The paper identifies the challenges likely to be faced by Malaysia in the coming period and how such issues should be tackled in Vision 2020.

From Control to Ownership: China's Managerial Revolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Walder
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
New Variety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
And Control ◽  
Key Questions

Over the past decade, the ownership and control of China's corporate sector has finally begun to depart fundamentally from patterns typical in the socialist past. Students of corporate governance have watched these changes with an intense curiosity about their impact on firm performance. Students of comparative economic institutions have examined them for hints of a new variety of Asian capitalism and have sought to anticipate China's international competitiveness and impact. But these changes potentially will create a new corporate elite with greater compensation, personal wealth, and independence from government agencies than ever before. This transformation of China's political economy may eventually alter the Chinese state itself, although the extent and nature of this change are still far from clear. The key questions of interest are the social origins of the new elite, the scale of the economic assets they control, and especially their continuing relationships with party and government agencies. The answers will vary decisively by sector, four of which are described here: a state-owned sector, a privatized sector, a transactional sector, and an entrepreneurial sector. The evolving mix of these sectors will determine the future contours of the Chinese corporate economy.

Musique Concrètization

2011 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Jean Hébert
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Music Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Music Distribution ◽  
And Control

For the past several years, a crisis over copyright and control of music distribution has been developing. The outcome of this crisis has tremendous implications not only for the fate of commercial and creative entities involved in music, but for the social reproduction of knowledge and culture more generally. Critical theories of technology are useful in addressing these implications. This chapter introduces the concept of “concretization” (Feenberg, 1999), and demonstrates how it can be mapped onto the field of current music technologies and the lives and work of the people using them. This reading of popular music technologies resonates strongly with themes arising out of current scholarship covering the crisis of copyright and music distribution. Reading music technology in this way can yield a lucid account of the diverse trajectories and goals inherent in heterogeneous networks of participants involved with music technologies. It can also give us not only a detailed description of the relations of various groups, individuals, and technologies involved in networks of music, but also a prescriptive program for the future maintenance and strengthening of a vibrant, perhaps less intensively commercialized, and radically democratized sphere of creative exchange.

scholarly journals Witnessing, Remembering, and Testifying: Why the Past Is Special for Human Beings

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes B. Mahr ◽  
Gergely Csibra
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

The past is undeniably special for human beings. To a large extent, both individuals and collectives define themselves through history. Moreover, humans seem to have a special way of cognitively representing the past: episodic memory. As opposed to other ways of representing knowledge, remembering the past in episodic memory brings with it the ability to become a witness. Episodic memory allows us to determine what of our knowledge about the past comes from our own experience and thereby what parts of the past we can give testimony about. In this article, we aim to give an account of the special status of the past by asking why humans have developed the ability to give testimony about it. We argue that the past is special for human beings because it is regularly, and often principally, the only thing that can determine present social realities such as commitments, entitlements, and obligations. Because the social effects of the past often do not leave physical traces behind, remembering the past and the ability to bear testimony it brings is necessary for coordinating social realities with other individuals.

New bioarchaeological approaches to care in the past

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (358) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân E. Halcrow
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Innovative Work

Until a few years ago the bioarchaeology of care was a topic very rarely touched upon. Stimulated in large part by the innovative work by Tilley and colleagues, which provides a socially contextualised model to interpret the implications of health care in the past (Tilley & Oxenham 2011; Tilley 2015), this is now a burgeoning field in bioarchaeology. The two volumes on care in the past under review here showcase leading research in this emerging field, emphasising the social aspects of care in palaeopathological cases of disability. These volumes also illustrate the value of bioarchaeological consideration of the social implications of care provision, abuse and neglect of infants and children, as well as a consideration of care for animals in the past.

scholarly journals Two crossbows and a carbine: Out of the commentary on A.N. and B.N. Strugatsky’s novel “Hard to be a God”

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Irina N. Arzamastseva ◽  
Alexander V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Monster ◽  
Intertextual Connections

The article is devoted to the study of the functions of the characters’ weapons in A.N. and B.N. Strugatsky’s novel “Hard to be a God”. It is important for writing a commentary on the prologue of the novel. The authors used the historical-typological and mythopoetic research methods. As the result of reviewing the history of words-concepts, as it made by A.N. Veselovsky, the authors managed to study the intertextual connections of “Hard to be a God” with V.T. Shalamov’s poem “Crossbow” and his story “May”, as well as N.S. Gumilev’s poem “Just looks through the cliffs...” and E. Hemingway’s play “The fifth column”. Through these connections, the image of weapons is formed in the work of science fiction writers. It is necessary to destruct the mythological enemy – the sea monster, which symbolizes the social evil within the novel framework. As we have found out, the reason for such an intricate symbolism lies in the peculiarities of the age: the image of the sea monster standing for public evil is due to historical reasons. And since the elimination of social problems by such radical methods, according to the authors, is impossible, the movement towards a bright future should be only gradual and peaceful. As in reality, weapons are fundamentally unable to perform their task. Moreover, the weapon is dangerous for its owner, which indicates the ambivalence of the image. In addition, the comparison, important for the novel “Hard to be God”, of the past and future appears the first in the comparison of crossbows and carbines, further developing by other means. Weapons are involved in creating a number of important motives: doom, the danger of using force, and interference in the course of history.

scholarly journals Hermeneutika Al-Qur’an: Antara Pemaknaan Tekstual dan Kontekstual

ULUMUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Slamet Muliono R
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Basic Philosophy

This article aims to describe the basic philosophy of the hermeneutics view about how to interpret al-Qur’an using the modern science.  In the modern life, we find many problem which has not happened in the past. Tafsir method is supposed not to be able to solve the social problems which should be looked for an immediate solution while the social problems are so much. Hermeneutics supposed that by using hermeneutics, we can interpret al-Qur’an  according to the modern challenges which could not be invented  in the early of Islam. Hermeneutics method  has been acknowledged  as a new vision about Islam. But hermeneutic view, if we are not careful, could destroy the basic values of Islam which has participated for the Islamic civilization. The negative effects of hermeneutic method are, deconstructing writings of the ‘ulama, infiltration of West values, absolute value of Islamic will be lost, and making al-Qur’an as human product.

scholarly journals "Let Fair Weather Bring Me Home: A Maltese Story" // "Deja que el buen tiempo me traiga a casa: una historia de Malta"

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Oliver Friggieri
Keyword(s):  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Descriptive Element

Let Fair Weather Bring Me Home: A Maltese Story (Excerpt from unpublished novel)Life in itself largely depends on one’s personal relationship with nature. Humankind develops as it discovers new modes of relating more efficiently with whatever surrounds it. Thus both the individual and the social aspects of such a condition greatly  depend on each other. Let Fair Weather Bring Me Home is a Maltese novel which strives to portray such a bond in terms of what it entails to live in a traditional village far removed from the center of the country where nature had to succumb to a great extent to the dictates of culture, and mainly to technology. The descriptive element of the novel, as evinced in this excerpt, is meant not only to construct a context within which the villagers live, but also to suggest a sharp contrast with the modern city, impersonal, overcrowded, noisy and inevitably distant from spaces which are considered to be still undeveloped, namely still left in their primeval state. The depiction of such a way of life in such a village, inspired by an environment typical of Southern Europe, may seem to be simply an evocation of the past, as it originally is, but it also recognizes the fact that such a relationship with nature still survives in various parts of various countries. The essential message of the excerpt is that modern ecological considerations are necessarily the expression of  humanity’s need to rediscover nature and to return to where it once belonged.                   

Émile Durkheim’s Restitutive Humanitarianism: from Organic Solidarity to the ‘Solidarity of Things’

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zolkos
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organic Solidarity ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Industrial Societies

This chapter analyses the legal-sociological trope of restitutive justice in Émile Durkheim’s 1893 The Division of Labor in Society, as well as in his later anthropological studies on punitive institutions and laws. It shows that Durkheim theorizes restitution in terms of the social effects of intensified division of labour in industrial societies, which is identifiable within the domain of law, and which consists of corrective and remedial response to wrongdoing that aims to do justice for, and to repair, the consequences of wrongdoing for the social fabric. This is expressed in the metaphor of a clock that is turned back, as if expressing the underlying desires of the restitutive law to ‘restore the past’ to ‘its normal state’. It is situated as a binary opposite to the categories of ‘repressive law’ or ‘punitive law’, which are said to characterize traditional societies, and which aim at making the wrongdoer suffer. In turn, in his later writings Durkheim makes a conceptual and philosophic link between restitution and humanitarianism. This shows that the corrective and remedial workings of modern law operates upon activation of humanitarian affects: what sets restitution in motion, is the extent to which such wrongs coincide with sites of suffering.

Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Self-Esteem in Women

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey D. Callahan ◽  
Aline H. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Check List ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
The Social

Research shows that women both focus on the social aspects of jobs and rate their self-esteem on social factors, so it was hypothesized that women scoring high on a job-satisfaction questionnaire would score significantly higher on those scales of the Adjective Check List which are relevant to self-esteem than women scoring low in job-satisfaction. The results supported the hypothesis. Job-satisfied women were achievement-oriented, cooperative, tactful, social, self-confident, and comfortable with sex-appropriate roles. Job-unsatisfied women were self-critical, suffered from inferiority feelings, and displayed maladaptive tendencies. Further research was suggested.

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